北方农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 45-51.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.04.07

• 作物栽培·土壤肥料 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥减施对马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响

杜二小1,2, 李焕春1, 任永峰1, 高日平1, 韩云飞1, 刘小月1,2, 武生财3, 赵沛义1,2, 于伟卓1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古农业大学 农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    3.五原县农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古 五原 015100
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-06 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义(1972—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培与耕作学的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:杜二小(1990—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物养分管理与栽培。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD009)

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction applied on yield and water use efficiency of potato

DU Erxiao1,2, LI Huanchun1, REN Yongfeng1, GAO Riping1, HAN Yunfei1, LIU Xiaoyue1,2, WU Shengcai3, ZHAO Peiyi1,2, YU Weizhuo1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    3. Wuyuan County Center of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension,Wuyuan 015100,China
  • Received:2021-05-06 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-10-28

摘要: 【目的】探究阴山北麓干旱半干旱地区氮肥减施和肥料替代对马铃薯生长及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】研究区域为内蒙古武川旱作试验站,设置平衡施用氮磷钾肥(NPK)、减施氮肥20%(RN)、不施氮肥(PK)、减施氮肥20%+水溶肥替代总施氮量的20%(RN+WF)、减施氮肥20%+羊粪替代总施氮量的20%(RN+SM)、减施氮肥20%+生物有机肥替代总施氮量的20%(RN+BM)、减施氮肥20%+缓控释尿素替代总施氮量的20%(RN+RUN)7个处理,以NPK为对照,分析不同施肥处理下马铃薯生长、产量和水分利用效率的差异,并测定0~100 cm土层土壤含水量。【结果】不同施肥处理马铃薯干物质积累量、叶面积指数、产量、水分利用效率均显著高于NPK处理(P<0.05),以RN+BM处理表现最佳。在RN+BM处理下,马铃薯产量为39 353.40 kg/hm2,较NPK处理提高16.95%;RN+BM处理水分利用效率为165.44 kg/(hm2·mm),较NPK处理提高8.86%。在马铃薯全生育期,随着土层深度的增加各处理土壤含水量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。【结论】施肥处理为减施氮肥20%+生物有机肥替代总施氮量的20%时,马铃薯产量和水分利用效率在各处理间表现最佳,是较为适宜阴山北麓干旱半干旱地区马铃薯种植的施肥模式。

关键词: 马铃薯, 氮肥减施, 生物有机肥, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction and fertilizer replacement on potato growth and water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid area of northern piedmont of Yinshan Mountain.【Methods】The research area was Wuchuan Dry Farming Experimental Station in Inner Mongolia. Seven treatments were set up:the balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK),20% reduction of nitrogen application(RN),no nitrogen application(PK),20% reduction of nitrogen application+water soluble fertilizer to replace 20% of the total nitrogen application(RN+WF),20% reduction of nitrogen application+sheep dung to replace 20% of the total nitrogen application(RN+SM),20% reduction of nitrogen application+bio-organic fertilizer to replace 20% of the total nitrogen application(RN+BM)and 20% reduction of nitrogen application+slow-release urea to replace 20% of total nitrogen application(RN+RUN),and with NPK as the control,the differences of potato growth,yield and water use efficiency under different fertilization treatments were analyzed,and the soil water content in 0-100 cm soil layer was measured.【Results】The dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,yield and water use efficiency of potato under different fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those under NPK treatment(P<0.05),and RN+BM treatment had the best performance. Under RN+BM treatment,the potato yield was 39 353.40 kg/hm2,16.95% higher than that under NPK treatment. The water use efficiency of RN+BM treatment was 165.44 kg/(hm2·mm),which was 8.86% higher than that of NPK treatment. During the whole growth period of potato,soil water content increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of soil depth.【Conclusion】Potato yield and water use efficiency were the best among different treatments when 20% reduction of nitrogen application+bio-organic fertilizer to replace 20% of the total nitrogen application,which was more suitable for potato planting in arid and semi-arid area at the northern piedmont of Yinshan Mountain.

Key words: Potato, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction applied, Bio-organic fertilizer, Yield, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

  • S532