北方农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 67-73.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.04.10

• 土壤肥料 · 草业 • 上一篇    下一篇

河套灌区向日葵有机肥替代化肥施用效果及适宜替代比例研究

段玉1, 张婷婷1, 曹巨峰2, 郝云凤2, 张君1, 安昊1, 梁俊梅1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 资源环境与可持续发展研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
    2.巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究所,内蒙古 临河 015000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-20 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-09-30
  • 作者简介:段 玉(1963—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与施肥的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0005);内蒙古科技计划项目(2019GG346);国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14)

Study on the application effect and suitable substitution ratio of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer for sunflower in the Hetao Irrigation Area

DUAN Yu1, ZHANG Tingting1, CAO Jufeng2, HAO Yunfeng2, ZHANG Jun1, AN Hao1, LIANG Junmei1   

  1. 1. Institute of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
    2. Bayannur Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Linhe 015000,China
  • Received:2022-05-20 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-09-30

摘要:

【目的】明确河套灌区向日葵生产中有机肥替代化肥的施用效果及适宜替代比例。【方法】试验在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区进行,设100%有机氮(100%M)、25%化肥氮+75%有机氮(75%M)、50%化肥氮+50%有机氮(50%M)、75%化肥氮+25%有机氮(25%M)、化肥优化(NE)、不施氮肥(CK)6个处理,建立有机肥替代比例与向日葵产量的回归方程,分析不同有机肥替代比例对向日葵籽实粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成、籽粒锈斑及氮肥利用率和土壤养分的影响。【结果】25%M处理向日葵产量最高,为5 626.47 kg/hm2,比CK显著增产30.70%(P<0.05)。回归分析表明,向日葵生产中有机肥最佳替代比例为18.86%。随着有机肥替代比例的增加向日葵籽实的不饱和脂肪酸比例有所提高;有机肥替代化肥向日葵籽实的粗脂肪含量略有增加、籽粒锈斑的病情指数和发病率降低;有机肥替代化肥可以提高肥效,25%M处理的氮肥利用率和农学效率最高,分别较NE处理提高4.85个百分点和0.89 kg/kg;土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量随有机肥替代比例增加有增加的趋势。【结论】有机肥替代最适比例为18.86%时,向日葵产量最高,籽实粗脂肪和不饱和脂肪酸含量增加,籽粒锈斑的病情指数和发病率降低,并可以提高氮肥利用率,培肥地力。

关键词: 向日葵, 有机肥替代化肥, 替代比例, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 土壤养分

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the application effect and suitable substitution ratio of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer in the cultivation of sunflowers in the Hetao Irrigation Area.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Linhe District,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia. Six treatments,including 100% organic nitrogen(100% M),25% chemical fertilizer nitrogen+75% organic nitrogen(75% M),50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen+50% organic nitrogen(50% M),75% chemical fertilizer nitrogen+25% organic nitrogen(25% M),optimized chemical fertilizer(NE)and no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),were set up to establish the regression equation between the organic fertilizer substitution ratio and sunflower yield. Analyze the effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on the crude fat content,fatty acid composition,grain rust,nitrogen utilization efficiency and soil nutrients.【Results】 Sunflower treated with 25%M had the maximum yield of 5 626.47 kg/hm2 and was 30.70% greater than CK(P<0.05). According to regression analysis,the best substitution ratio for organic fertilizer in the cultivation of sunflowers was 18.86%. With an increase in the ratio of organic fertilizer substitution,the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower seeds increased. Organic fertilizer substitute chemical fertilizer,the crude fat content of sunflower seeds marginally increased,while grain rust disease index and incidence rate dropped. 25%M treatment had the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and agronomic efficiency,which were 4.85 percentage point and 0.89 kg/kg higher than those of NE treatment,respectively. As the organic fertilizer substitution ratio increased,so did the contents of soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and available potassium.【Conclusion】When the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer substitution was 18.86%,the yield of sunflower was highest,the amount of crude fat and unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds increased,the disease index and incidence rate of grain rust decreased,and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased,soil enriched.

Key words: Sunflower, Organic fertilizer substitute chemical fertilizer, Substitution ratio, Yield, Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, Soil nutrients

中图分类号: 

  • S565.506.2