北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 67-73.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.03.10

• 作物栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

高日平1,2,3,4, 赵沛义1,2,3,4, 韩云飞1,2,3,4, 刘小月1,2,3,4, 高宇2,3,4, 杜二小1,2,3,4, 任永峰2,3,4, 李焕春2,3,4, 张鹏2,3,4, 梁广荣5   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学 农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    4.农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,内蒙古 武川 011705;
    5.清水河县农牧和科技局,内蒙古 清水河 011600
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-10 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义(1972—),男,研究员,博士,硕士生导师, 主要从事旱作农业和水土保持的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:高日平(1995—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为旱地作物栽培与生理生态。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古科技重大专项项目(2020ZD0005); 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800806); 内蒙古农牧业创新项目(CXJJ2017N12); 呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2019-农-7)

Effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize

GAO Riping1,2,3,4, ZHAO Peiyi1,2,3,4, HAN Yunfei1,2,3,4, LIU Xiaoyue1,2,3,4, GAO Yu2,3,4, DU Erxiao1,2,3,4, REN Yongfeng2,3,4, LI Huanchun2,3,4, ZHANG Peng2,3,4, LIANG Guangrong5   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    2. Institute of Resources,Environment and Testing Technology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming,Hohhot 010031,China;
    4. Science Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Inner Mongolia,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuchuan 011705,China;
    5. Bureau of Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Sciences and Technology of Qingshuihe County,Qingshuihe 011600,China
  • Received:2020-04-10 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-08-14

摘要: 【目的】探究内蒙古黄土风沙区秸秆还田与氮肥运筹下玉米光合特性及产量变化规律。【方法】对比分析了氮肥习惯施用(FN,CK)、氮肥习惯施用配合秸秆还田(FNS)、氮肥高量施用配合秸秆还田(HNS)、氮肥后肥前移施用(RN)、氮肥后肥前移配合秸秆还田(RNS)5种不同处理对玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】不同处理下玉米叶面积指数(LAI)大小顺序表现为RNS>HNS>FNS>FN>RN,秸秆还田处理FNS、HNS、RNS较FN(CK)净光合速率(Pn)提高20.21%~20.49%、21.69%~24.49%、25.50%~36.51%,蒸腾速率(Tr)提高10.64%~16.13%、13.83%~18.98%、18.62%~20.30%,气孔导度(Gs)提高11.50%~12.93%、14.95%~22.43%、18.65%~22.93%,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)提高12.30%~14.59%、20.31%~20.47%、17.08%~34.49%,光合水分利用效率(WUE)提高6.72%~9.87%、10.89%~12.50%、12.89%~13.38%,各处理间叶片水蒸气(VPD)差异不显著(P>0.05),光合指标总体表现为秸秆还田>秸秆不还田,不还田处理RN与FN(CK)基本无明显差异。在产量方面,RN处理较FN(CK)有所下降,但差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05),与FN(CK)相比,FNS、HNS、RNS处理玉米籽粒产量分别提高5.30%、10.93%、11.41%,茎秆产量分别提高8.55%、13.80%、10.55%,秸秆还田下额外增补氮肥和氮肥后肥前移玉米产量优于习惯氮肥施用。【结论】秸秆还田结合氮肥施用较单一氮肥施用可显著提高玉米光合特性(P<0.05),增加作物产量,尤以氮肥后肥前移配合秸秆还田效果最佳,推荐氮肥后肥前移施用配合秸秆还田为内蒙古黄土风沙区秸秆还田高效施氮制度和玉米节本稳产增效栽培模式。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 氮肥运筹, 氮肥前移, 玉米, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the changes of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize under straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application in the wind-sandy loess region of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Compared and analyzed the effects of maize leaf area index(LAI),photosynthetic characteristics and yield under five different treatments:nitrogen used to apply (FN,CK),habitual application of nitrogen combined with straw returning (FNS),high application of nitrogen combined with straw returning(HNS) ,nitrogen reducing topdressing proportion to basal(RN),nitrogen reducing topdressing proportion to basal combined with straw returning (RNS).【Results】The order of leaf area index under different treatments was RNS>HNS>FNS>FN>RN,net photosynthetic rate of FNS,HNS and RNS treated with returning to the field increased by 20.21%-20.49%,21.69%-24.49%,25.50%-36.51%;transpiration rate increased by 10.64%-16.13%,13.83%-18.98%,18.62%-20.30%;stomatal conductance increased by 11.50%-12.93%,14.95%-22.43%,18.65%-22.93%;intercellular CO2 concentration increased by 12.30%-14.59%,20.31%-20.47%,17.08%-34.49%;photosynthetic water use efficiency increased by 6.72%-9.87%,10.89%-12.50%,12.89%-13.38% compared with the control FN(CK) without returning to the field.There was no significant difference in VPD among the treatments (P>0.05).There was no significant difference between RN and FN(CK) treatments without returning farmland.The overall photosynthetic index was straw returning to field > straw not returning to field.In terms of yield,the yield of RN treatment was lower than that of FN(CK) treatment,but did not reach a significant level(P>0.05);compared with the control FN,the grain yield of maize treated with FNS,HNS and RNS increased by 5.30%,10.93% and 11.41% respectively,and the stem yield increased by 8.55%,13.80% and 10.55%,respectively;the yield of maize after straw returning to the field with additional nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was better than that of conventional nitrogen fertilizer application.【Conclusion】Compared with single nitrogen fertilizer,straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics and crop yield of maize(P<0.05),especially the forward transfer of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning was the best.Recommending nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning was a cultivation mode of saving cost,stable yield and efficiency on maize in the wind-sandy loess region of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Straw returning, Nitrogen application, Nitrogen fertilizer topdressing earlier, Maize, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S513