北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 58-65.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.03.06

• 作物栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

间作条件下行株距配置对向日葵生长和土壤养分的影响

孔硕1, 安昊1, 梁俊梅1, 张婷婷1, 兰慧青1, 侯建伟1, 白梓辰1, 郭雪娇1, 王东平2, 张君1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 资源环境与可持续发展研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古自治区国土空间规划院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 张 君(1982—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事旱作农业与土壤肥料方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:孔 硕(1996—),男,博士,主要从事植物营养与肥料方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023KYPT0032)

Effects of row and plant spacing configuration on Helianthus annuus growth and soil nutrients under intercropping conditions

KONG Shuo1, AN Hao1, LIANG Junmei1, ZHANG Tingting1, LAN Huiqing1, HOU Jianwei1, BAI Zichen1, GUO Xuejiao1, WANG Dongping2, ZHANG Jun1   

  1. 1. Institute of Resources,Environment and Sustainable Development,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Land and Space Planning Institute,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2025-07-25 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-08-11

摘要: 【目的】明确等密度种植下调整行株距配置的向日葵与毛叶苕子间作对向日葵生长及土壤养分的影响。【方法】通过增大行距、减小株距的方式保证种植密度不变,设置向日葵行距80 cm、株距60 cm(R80+P60),行距100 cm、株距52 cm(R100+P52),行距120 cm、株距45 cm(R120+P45),行距140 cm、株距40 cm(R140+P40),行距160 cm、株距36 cm(R160+P36)5个处理,分析不同处理对向日葵生长、水分利用效率以及土壤养分、储水能力的影响,并利用熵权-TOPSIS法筛选出最优向日葵行株距配置。【结果】R100+P52处理下,向日葵产量最高,为3.54 t/hm2,且显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);株高最高(186.11 cm),茎粗最粗(2.28 cm),盘径最大(19.28 cm);干物质积累量最多,为11.13 t/hm2;向日葵氮、磷、钾累积量均最高,分别为140.86、29.79、208.81 kg/hm2。R100+P52处理下,土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机碳含量较高;土壤储水能力最强,向日葵水分利用效率最高。利用熵权-TOPSIS法进行综合评价,得出行株距配置的排序为 R100+P52>R120+P45>R80+P60>R140+P40>R160+P36。【结论】向日葵适量增大行距、减小株距,并与毛叶苕子间作可显著影响向日葵生长和土壤养分,其中最优配置为向日葵行距100 cm、株距52 cm。

关键词: 向日葵, 间作, 行距, 株距, 产量, 农艺性状, 土壤养分

Abstract: 【Objective】To clarify the effects of adjusting row and plant spacing configuration in Helianthus annuus-Vicia villosa intercropping under equal planting density on H. annuus growth and soil nutrients.【Methods】By increasing row spacing and decreasing plant spacing,planting density was kept constant. Five treatments were set:row spacing 80 cm,plant spacing 60 cm(R80+P60);row spacing 100 cm,plant spacing 52 cm(R100+P52);row spacing 120 cm,plant spacing 45 cm(R120+P45);row spacing 140 cm,plant spacing 40 cm(R140+P40);and row spacing 160 cm,plant spacing 36 cm(R160+P36). The effects of different treatments on H. annuus growth,water use efficiency,soil nutrients,and soil water storage capacity were analyzed. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to select the optimal row and plant spacing configuration.【Results】Under the R100+P52 treatment,H. annuus yield was the highest at 3.54 t/hm2,and was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05);plant height was the highest(186.11 cm),stem diameter was the largest(2.28 cm),and disc diameter was the largest(19.28 cm);dry matter accumulation was the highest at 11.13 t/hm2;nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation in H. annuus were all the highest,at 140.86,29.79,and 208.81 kg/hm2,respectively. Under the R100+P52 treatment,soil available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic carbon contents were higher;soil water storage capacity was the strongest,and H. annuus water use efficiency was the highest. Comprehensive evaluation using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method showed that the ranking of row and plant spacing configurations was R100+P52>R120+P45>R80+P60>R140+P40>R160+P36.【Conclusion】Appropriately increasing row spacing and decreasing plant spacing of H. annuus,and intercropping V. villosa significantly affects H. annuus growth and soil nutrients. The optimal configuration is a row spacing 100 cm and plant spacing 52 cm.

Key words: Helianthus annuus, Intercropping, Row spacing, Plant spacing, Yield, Agronomic traits, Soil nutrients

中图分类号: 

  • S565.5