北方农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 57-61.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.04.09

• 作物栽培·土壤肥料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥方式对玉米产量和农田氮磷淋溶流失的影响

包菡1, 傅建伟1, 张雷1, 王跃飞1, 罗军1, 刘波2, 邵润蛟3   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021;
    2.开鲁县农业技术推广中心,内蒙古 开鲁 028400;
    3.内蒙古自治区生态环境低碳发展中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-02 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 张雷(1978—),男,高级农艺师,学士,主要从事农业资源与环境保护的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:包菡(1989—),女,农艺师,硕士,主要从事农业资源与环境保护的研究工作。

The effects of different fertilization methods on maize yield and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in farmland

BAO Han1, FU Jianwei1, ZHANG Lei1, WANG Yuefei1, LUO Jun1, LIU Bo2, SHAO Runjiao3   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Center of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection,Hohhot 010021,China;
    2. Kailu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Kailu 028400,China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Eco-environmental Low-carbon Development Center,Hohhot 010000,China
  • Received:2021-07-02 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-10-28

摘要: 【目的】探究不同施肥方式对玉米产量和农田氮磷淋溶流失的影响。【方法】设置常规处理(CK)、主因子优化处理(KF)、综合优化处理(BMP)3种施肥方式,优化处理较常规处理减氮23.63%和减磷26.55%,综合优化处理为秸秆还田,分别测定玉米籽粒产量、秸秆产量、植株生物量、氮磷吸收量、淋溶水氮磷流失量。【结果】3种施肥方式下玉米籽粒产量、秸秆产量、植株生物量、总氮吸收量、总磷吸收量均无显著差异(P>0.05);CK处理的年度总氮累积流失量、总磷累积流失量显著高于KF处理、BMP处理(P<0.05),KF处理和BMP处理的年度总氮累积流失量分别较CK处理降低了49.73%和52.43%、年度总磷累积流失量分别较CK处理降低了38.49%和59.18%。【结论】优化施肥方式能在保证玉米产量的同时降低氮磷淋溶流失的风险,减少农田面源污染。

关键词: 优化施肥, 玉米, 产量, 氮磷淋溶流失

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of different fertilization methods on maize yield and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in farmland were investigated.【Methods】The three of fertilizing were set up:conventional treatment(CK),the main factor to optimize treatment(KF),a comprehensive optimization treatment(BMP),optimize treatments than conventional treatment 23.63% reduction of nitrogen and 26.55% reduction of phosphorus,including comprehensive optimization treatment as the straw returned;maize grain yield and straw yield,plant biomass,nitrogen and phosphorus uptake,water leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus loss were determined.【Results】There were no significant differences in maize grain yield,straw yield,plant biomass,total nitrogen uptake and total phosphorus uptake among the three fertilization methods(P>0.05). The annual cumulative loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in CK treatment was significantly higher than that in KF treatment and BMP treatment(P<0.05). Compared with CK,the annual cumulative loss of total nitrogen of KF treatment and BMP treatment was 49.73% and 52.43%,and the annual cumulative loss of total phosphorus of KF treatment and BMP treatment was 38.49% and 59.18%,respectively.【Conclusion】The optimization of fertilization methods could guarantee the yield of maize and reduce the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss,and reduce farmland non-point source pollution.

Key words: Optimized fertilization, Maize, Yield, Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss

中图分类号: 

  • S513