The effect of taurochenodeoxycholic acid （TCDCA） on HSP90 mRNA expression mediated by glucocorticoid receptor （GR） in fibroblast-like synoviocytes （FLS） in rats with adjuvant arthritis （AA） was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR assay. The results showed that TCDCA extremely significantly down-regulated the HSP90 mRNA expression in FLS cells （P〈 0.01 ）. In addition, the effect of TCDCA on HSP90 mRNA expression could be inhibited by RU486, a specific inhibitor against GR. It was indicated that TCDCA exerted anti-inflammatory and immunoregulative action via GR.

In order to further elucidate the characteristics of germplasm resources of Awang sheep and and to provide scientific basis for the healthy development of wool production and quality control standards of Awang sheep, a total of 270 wool samples collected from different parts of Awang sheep with different ages and genders were analyzed by field identification and laboratory detection. The results of field identification showed that the average wool length of adult rams and ewes was 90.3 mm and 71.0 mm, respectively, and the average wool yield was 1.35 kg and 1.00 kg, respectively; the average wool length of the growing rams and ewes was 6.15 cm and 5.83 cm, respectively, and the average wool yield was 1.08 kg and 0.84 kg, respectively; sticky sweat was white or milky white, and the content was mainly 1/2 and 1/3. The results of laboratory detection showed that the wool length of shoulder, flank and thigh of adult rams were 95.40 mm, 99.68 mm and 115.44 mm, respectively, and the wool lengths of shoulder, flank and thigh of adult ewes were 65.72 mm, 62.39 mm and 83.06 mm respectively; the wool lengths of shoulder, flank and thigh of growing rams were 80.52 mm, 86.11 mm and 103.63 mm respectively, and wool length of shoulder, flank and thigh of growing ewes were 62.95 mm, 64.53 mm and 78.95 mm respectively. The fiber types of 270 wool samples from three different parts were unmyelinated wool, medullated wool and both unmyelinated and medullated wool, accounting for 72.98%, 21.31%, 5.47%, respectively; the average diameter and discrete diameter of the unmyelinated wool were 25.97 μm, 26.79%; the average diameter and discrete diameter of the medullated wool were 69.59 μm, 23.63%; the average diameter and discrete diameter of the both unmyelinated and medullated wool were 41.99 μm, 26.65%; the diameter of the coarse fiber was in the range of 24.66-72.15 μm, and the variation fiber diameter of the shoulder, flank and thigh was irregular.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid and vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of the Magang Goose under heat stress. A total of 240 45-day-old geese were randomly divided into three groups by the weight consistency principle, including a control group （groupⅠ, fed with basal diet）, and two treatment groups （groupⅡ and Ⅲ, fed with basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of γ-aminobutyric acid and vitamin C, respectively）. The results showed that, in the growth performance, supplementation of γ-aminobutyric acid and vitamin C in basil diet significantly increased the daily weight gain （DWG, P〈0.05） and daily feed intake （DFI, P〈0.05）, and significantly decreased the ratio of DFI to DWG （P〈0.05） comparing with control group, while the vitamin C group had higher DWG （P〈0.05） and lower ratio of DFI to DWG （P〈0.05） compared with the γ-aminobutyric acid group. In serum biochemical indices, supplementation of γ-aminobutyric acid and vitamin C in basil diet significantly decreased the activities of serum LDH, GOT, GPT, AKP and contents of serum MDA and BUN（P〈0.05）, and significantly increased the activities of serum SOD, T-AOC and concentrations of serum TP and T3 （P〈0.05） comparing with control group. There was no difference on the activity of GSH-Px and T4 level between treatment groups and control group （P〉0.05）. These results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of γ-aminobutyric acid and vitamin C could improve the growth performance, activities of SOD and T-AOC; decreased the content of MDA, activities of LDH, GOT, GPT and AKP; and promoted the secretion of T3 of the Magang Goose under heat stress.

In order to assess the hatchability of different hatching eggs at high altitudes, the experiment was carried out under the condition of 3 780 meters above sea level using the hatching eggs of four breeds, which observed and compared the hatching effect of different hatching eggs at high altitude. The results showed that the fertility rate, hatchability of hatching eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs and rate of healthy chicks of Lhasa white chicken were the highest and were 94.32%, 76.70%, 81.33% and 94.41%, respectively; The fertility rate of Beijing Tibetan chicken was the lowest at 74.00%; the hatchability of hatching eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs and rate of healthy chicks of Beijing oil chicken were the lowest and were 0.84%, 1.00%, and 50.00%, respectively.

In an attempt to improve the developmental rate of bovine in vitro fertilized sexed embryo, the embryos cultured in vitro for 8 h were used as material to assess the effect of different cumulus cell removal methods （mechanical removal method, enzyme removal method, oscillation removal method） on efficiency of in vitro fertilization （IVF） of sex-sorted semen. The results revealed that the cleavage rates of the fertilized eggs treated with the three cumulus cell removal modes after 48 h in vitro culture were （58.8±2.8）% ,（58.5±5.7）% and （69.9±3.4）%, respectively, and the blastocyst rates after 192 h in vitro culture were （26.7±2.7）%,（26.9±3.9）% and （35.8±4.1）%, respectively. It was demonstrated that the oscillation removal method had significantly better performance compared to the other two cumulus cell removal methods （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, when the sex-sorted semen is used to produce bovine in vitro fertilized embryo, the removal of cumulus cell by oscillation method from the embryos after 8 h in vitro culture can significantly improve the developmental rate of bovine in vitro fertilized sexed embryo.

The objective of this study was to observe the oxidative damage of lung tissue induced by formaldehyde in mice. The experimental mice were administrated with multiple doses of liquid formaldehyde with different concentrations by intratracheal medication. Subsequently, the mice were sacrificed, and their lung tissue were collected to determine the pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A （SP-A） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. Furthermore, the lung tissue sections were prepared, and the pathological changes were observed by means of light microscopy. The results showed that the high and low dosage groups had significantly lower SP-A content and SOD activity compared to the saline solution control group （P〈0.05） and had significantly higher MDA content （P〈0.05）; the increased number of stromal cells in pulmonary alveoli and inflammatory cells were observed, and the inflammatory cell infiltration were found. The combined data suggest that formaldehyde is able to cause oxidative damage of lung tissue in mice.

In order to assess the effects of corncob treated with molasses and urea on production performance and blood biochemical indices of beef cattle, a total of 24 healthy beef cattle were chosen and randomly divided into two groups, including one control group fed with dry corncob and one treatment group fed with corncob treated with molasses and urea. The experiment lasted for 70 days, including 10 days of pre-experiment, and the 60 days of formal experiment. At the end of the experiment, the indexes associated with growth performance and blood biochemistry of the beef cattle were determined and statistically analyzed. The results showed that the crude protein content of corncob treated with molasses and urea was significantly higher than that of untreated dry corncob, and the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber is lower than that of untreated dry corncob; the average daily gain of treatment group reached up to 1.55 kg, which which was 30.25% higher than that of the control group, and was significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05）; The content of serum urea nitrogen in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in total serum protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase（P〉0.05）;the profit of each beef cattle in the experimental group was 399.58 yuan more than the control group. Taken together, we concluded that the nutritional value of corn cob could be improved by compound treatment of molasses and urea; beef cattle fed with corncob treated with molasses and urea can improve the production performance and fattening efficiency of beef cattle, and had no adverse effects on beef cattle health.

The analysis and prediction model of alfalfa protein content was established with 63 alfalfa feed samples of different sources by using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy （NIRS） and modified partial least-squares （MPLS） regression. The results showed that the standard error of cross validation （SECV） was 0.433 5, 1 minus the variance ratio （1-VR） was 0.920 1, and the standard error in validation （SEP） was 0.264 0. The combined data suggested that the protein content of alfalfa could be exactly predicted by the developed near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

In order to enrich the forage grass resource in Longdong region and to screen the silage maize variety with superior performance in this region, a total of ten varieties of silage maize were introduced. Using a commonly cultivated silage maize variety in this region as control, the agronomic traits, grass yield and nutritional composition contents of the introduced varieties were determined, and the resistance of these varieties was evaluated. The results showed that the varieties of Dongdan No. 11, Ruide No.1 and Dunqingzhu No. 28 had longer hold-green period of blade and higher grass yield, crude protein content and crude fat content, indicating that these varieties had good adaptability to the climate and soil environment of this region.

In order to provide a data base for further calculation of grazing capacity of Chaganhada Town of Bairin Left Banner of Inner Mongolia and to render references for the deep investigation on grassland animal husbandry development status of this region, based on the data of livestock number and grassland area from 1949 to 2016, the variation of livestock number and average grassland area occupied by individual livestock in recent 67 years of this region was characterized. The results demonstrated that the livestock number of this region increased from 5 733 sheep units in 1949 to 201 326 sheep units in 2016, which was elevated by 35 times during the 67 years; the average grassland area occupied by individual livestock （sheep unit） reduced from 5.50 hm2/ sheep unit in 1949 to 0.15 hm2/ sheep unit in 2016, which was decreased by 97.3% during the 67 years. The combined data suggest that the grassland area of this region has reduced year by year, the grassland type exhibits a trend of xerophilization, and the livestock number had increased year by year, which results in increasingly high grazing pressure.

In order to develop the appropriate cultivation and hay-making technique for Arena sativa L. in saline-alkaline soil, a total of six cultivars of Arena sativa L. were used as experimental materials and were cultivated in soil with different saline and alkaline degrees （the cultivars of Muwang and Lingxiu were cultivated in severe-moderate saline-alkali soil, the cultivars of Beile and Yanwang were cultivated in moderate saline-alkali soil, the cultivars of Beile No.2 and Aiwo were cultivated in mild saline-alkali soil）. The grass yield, agronomic characters and nutritional quality of varied cultivars of Arena sativa L. at different growth periods were evaluated, and the differences in resistance to saline-alkaline between different cultivars were assessed. The results revealed that an appropriate saline-alkaline degree promoted the growth and development of Arena sativa L.; the cultivar of Muwang had the higher resistance to saline-alkaline followed by Lingxiu, and the poorest resistance to saline-alkaline was found in Beile; the cultivars of Muwang and Lingxiu had higher hey yield and their hay-making was recommended to be carried out at milky stage, while the cultivars of Beile and Beile No.2 had lower hey yield and their hay-making was recommended to be carried out at full ripening stage.

A pharmacodynamic testing of three herbicides, including 30% picloram · clopyralid, 31% picloram · 2,4 - D and 15% florasulam .fluroxypyr-mepthyl, for controlling Ligularia virgaurea was carried out in Haiyan County of qinghai Province. The results showed that the average control efficacy of 31% picloram · 2,4-D reached up to 80% with the application dosage of I 650 g/hm2, which was higher than the other two herbicides, and it had no phytotoxicity to high quality forage.

The objective of this study was to characterize the control efficacy of two formulations of Nosema Iocustae against grasshoppers in surrounding area of Qinghai Lake of Qinghai Province. The results showed that at the 30~ day post-application of the two formulations of Nosema Iocustae, the control efficacy was above 70%. It is indicated that when the population density of grasshoppers is in a moderate or lower level, an obvious control efficacy can be obtained with the the two formulations of Nosema Iocustae in the year of application.

The rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry has caused the problem of pollution produced by livestock and poultry wastes, which has become the most important origin of agricultural non-point source pollution and has damaged the ecological environment seriously. In order to solve the pollution problem of livestock and poultry wastes and to recycle the discarded resources furthest, we reviewed the commonly used resource recycling technology and extension model of livestock and poultry wastes in China. In addition, we also put forward some corresponding solutions and suggestions according to the existing problems in resourceful utilization of livestock and poultry wastes, in hoping to provide thoughts and references for the development of resource recycling of livestock and poultry wastes.

In order to provide experimental basis for improving the welfare level of weaned piglets, the preference experiment of piglets for nylon rope and plastic tube placed in the enclosure was conducted. Four healthy piglets with similar weights were selected from each of the 3 litters of piglets 7 days after weaning, respectively; two kinds of toys with different materials, nylon rope and plastics, were placed in the enclosure to study the frequency, time and preference of weaned piglets to different toys. The results showed that the duration of manipulating time caused by the nylon rope was significantly longer than plastic tube （P〈 0.05）; the number of lifting and the fighting caused by the nylon rope were higher than those of the plastic tube, but the difference was not significant （P〉0.05）; in the preference analysis of different parts of toys, the control time of piglets on the convex area of two kinds of toys was longer than that of the support area （P〈0.05）. Taken together, compared with plastic tube, weaned piglets have a stronger preference for nylon rope, thus nylon rope is a better material to improve the welfare of weaned piglets.

This article reviews the concept and the main physiological function of probiotics and introduced their application effect in improving livestock production performance, improving product quality, preventing diseases, enhancing immune function, improving reproductive function, relieving stress response and purifying aquaculture environment. At the same time, this article also analyzed the main problems and future development directions.

The main problem in teaching of Animal Genetic Resources is the prominent contradiction between ＂wide content＂ and ＂less learning time＂. The key method to solve this problem is the application of Internet technology. Using the Internet technology and resources, we explored the teaching contents, teaching methods and examination methods. The expansion of Internet content based on teaching materials was carried out. In the teaching method of ＂student speaking plus teacher evaluation＂, we explored the teaching reform based on curriculum papers and expanded teaching depth. Guided by the thinking of the Internet, we used QQ and WeChat to establish communication group, and flexible and instant teaching links were extended during the course. Remarkable achievements were made after the exploration of a series of reforms in teaching of postgraduate Animal Genetic Resources.

In order to further improve the training effect of pig-raising technicians, task-driven approach was applied in practical teaching. The pig-raising process was divided into different specific tasks according to the actual production. Based on the voluntary choice of student and college arrangement, tasks need to be completed in each period were determined. The autonomous learning of the students palys a dominant role, the college and enterprise guide and supervise the whole process, each student has the opportunity to finish all tasks combining with the flexible and diverse assessment methods. The teaching results showed that the task-driven method can significantly improve the training effect of pig-raising technicians.

In order to cultivate technicians with high professional skills in animal diseases diagnosis and treatment in higher vocational college, the teaching model reform of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology of Livestock Diseases was explored from the aspects of teaching methods, teaching contents and assessment methods. The results showed that through this reform and exploration, the integration of theory and practice was fruitful, and the desired teaching objectives were achieved.

The necessity to implement the flipped classroom in Pet Culture is analyzed and its implementation way was introduced. In order to improve the teaching quality of flipped classroom, self-learning was recommended, diverse learning platform was established, hybrid learning in classroom teaching was applied. Furthermore, in view of the existing problems in the flipped classroom of Pet Culture, the countermeasures such as enhancing intramural online courses establishment and improving flipped classroom effectiveness were also proposed.

Higher vocational education is required to cultivate advanced talents with technology. In addition to training the ability of application and operation, it is necessary to make the undergraduates master the basic theoretical knowledge effectively. In an attempt to improve the teaching efficiency of the professional basic courses and the degree of undergraduates＇ acceptance and mastery in higher vocational education, this paper has carried out a wide perspective and multi-channel teaching reform for the basic courses from the aspects of theoretical teaching, practical teaching and evaluation methods. Furthermore, we attach importance to the effective link between basic courses and have achieved certain results, which will play an effective foreshadowing role for subsequent practical and applied teaching.

According to the requirements of training innovative and entrepreneurial talent and demand of excellent veterinarian, the open practical training （experiment） centers centered on ability training was constructed. The aim was to enhance the core of cultivating students＇ innovative quality and practical ability, to construct a new practical education system for veterinary medicine, and to further provide a powerful guarantee for the training of veterinary professionals in different industries.

In order to understand the infection status of bovine parasites in large-scale cattle farms in some areas of Inner Mongolia, an epidemiological investigation on bovine parasitic diseases in the cattle farms in Hohhot and Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia from 2015 to 2017 has been undertaken using saturated brine floating method, centrifugal sedimentation method, McMaster′s egg counting method, serologic method and immunological method. The results showed that the most commonly observed parasites were Trichomonas nematodes and Eimeria; the presence of Neospora caninum was found in 2015 and the metastrongylidae detection was positive in some individual cattle farms; the pathogen detection of trematode, cestode, blood protozoonoses and Trichomonas was negative. During the three-year investigation, the parasitic infection rate in the surveyed cattle farms showed a significant downward trend after the targeted treatment. The obtained data provide useful information for understanding the infection status of bovine parasites and controlling the parasitic diseases in these regions.

In order to characterize the epidemiology of chicken Newcastle disease （ND） in Yichun region of Jiangxi Province, epidemiological investigations were carried out in 31 commercial chicken farms with suspected prevalence of ND distributed in 5 main chicken production counties of Yichun region, including Zhangshu, Fengcheng, Gaoan, Yichun and Wanzai, by using on-the-spot inquiries method, follow-up investigation method, laboratory examination method and challenge test during the period of March 2016 and March 2017. The results showed that the prevalence of ND in chicken farms in Yichun region was observed in the four seasons, among which higher prevalence was found in winter, followed by spring, summer and autumn; no significance in days of age of chicken flocks with ND was observed, and the prevalence of ND was found in chickens with different feeding stages; the incidence of ND in the surveyed chicken flocks was 20.1%-30.8%, the mortality was 9.0%-25.4%, and the dropping rate of egg production was 15.3%-38.8%. Furthermore, Newcastle disease virus （NDV） isolation was carried out with 214 clinical samples recovered from the surveyed commercial chicken farms using SPF chick embryos. A total of 27 viral strains with hemagglutinating activity were obtained and 23 of them were identified as NDV by using hemagglutination assay （HA）, hemagglutination inhibition assay （HI） and serum neutralization assay. Except for 2 NDV strains （virulence could not be determined）, the other 21 NDV strains were demonstrated as highly virulent strains. Thirty-day-old non-immunied chickens were artificially challenged with the 21 highly virulent strains. The challenged chickens exhibited typical clinical symptoms and pathological changes of ND with incidence and mortality of 80%-100% and 60%-100%, respectively.

A comprehensive diagnosis of a clinical case of corynebacteriosis in Chinchilla rabbits was made from the aspects of incidence, clinical signs, pathological anatomy, laboratory examination; the diseased rabbits with ulcered superficial lymph nodes were treated with ampicillin and gentamicin, and the therapeutic efficacy of the two antimicrobial agents were compared. The results showed that ampicillin exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy to gentamicin.

The present study was designed to understand the infection status of intestinal parasites of cattle and sheep in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and diagnosis of bovine and sheep parasitic diseases in this area via aetiological investigation. A total of fifty bovine and sheep fecal samples were collected from seven livestock farms （two cows farms and five sheep farms） from four towns of Jinzhai County and were inspected for the presence of parasite eggs and larvae by using direct smear method and saturated salt water floating method. Furthermore, the obtained eggs and larvae were identified and categorized according to the morphological characteristics. The results showed that a total of eight kinds of parasites, including Neoascaris vitulorum, Cooperia, Moniezia expansa, Fasciola gigantica, Oesophagostomum, Chabertia, Haemonchus contortus, and Paramphistomum, were observed. It is indicated that the parasitic infection status of cattle and sheep in Jinzhai County is serious and corresponding prevention and control measures are necessary.

Piglet＇s yellow and white dysentery is a bacterial intestinal disease caused by E. col i and is characterized by defecating yellow or white dilute feces. The occurrence of this disease is observed in the four seasons. This disease always has high incidence and mortality in piglet＇s population and brings huge economic losses to the pig farmers. In order to find specific treatment protocol for the piglet＇s yellow-white dysentery, by interviewing and consulting the experienced traditional Chinese veterinarians, we summed up a specific prescription for the treatment of this disease. It was proved to be effective by clinical treatment of 280 cases. Our results may provide references for the pig farmers and veterinarians.

Canine parvovirus disease causes severe diarrhea and even hematochezia of young dog and always induces intussusception. The clinical signs of intussusception, including deprementia, loss of appetite and vomit are similar to those of canine parvovirus disease. The misdiagnosis between canine parvovirus disease and intussusception is commonly occurred in clinic, which causes futile treatment and delay of optimal time for treatment. A case of secondary intestinal obstruction induced by parvovirus disease in young canine was diagnosed by combining use of X-ray and B-ultrasound. When the confirmed diagnosis of intussusception was made, surgical treatment was immediately performed in the diseases dog. Seven days after the surgical treatment, the surgical incision had no infections and healed well. The diagnosis and treatment process of this clinical case was introduced, in hoping to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of intussusception in young dog in veterinary clinic.