This study aimed to explore the in vitro inhibitory effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on a clinical Staphylococcus isolate from canine. The water extracts of a total of 20 kinds of compound Chinese herbal medicine were prepared with 30 kinds of single Chinese herbal medicine based on the traditional compatibility principle by using decoction method. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of the compound Chinese herbal medicine against the isolate was determined by using tube double dilution method, and the diameter of inhibition zone was determined by using agar diffusion method. The results showed that the NO. 15 and NO. 16 compound Chinese herbal medicine had the best antibacterial activity against the clinical isolate in vitro, and both of their MIC against the isolate was 31.25 mg/mL. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the NO. 15 and NO. 16 compound Chinese herbal medicine against the isolate was 31.0 mm and 38.0 mm, respectively, indicating that the isolate was extremely sensitive to both of the compounds. In addition, the other compound Chinese herbal medicine also showed certain antibacterial activity against the isolate. Our results provide a scientific basis for screening of high-efficient and low-toxic compound Chinese herbal preparation for veterinary clinical use.

In this study, the CDS sequence of the bovine HSL gene was cloned and bioinformatically analyzed, and its tissue expression profile was characterized. One set of primers was designed based on the bovine HSL gene sequence （NM_001080220） registered in the GenBank, and the CDS sequence of HSL gene in bovine tissue samples was amplified using RT-PCR assay and was determined by sequencing; the expression level of HSL gene in bovine tissues was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR;the HSL protein encoded by HSL gene was bioinformatically analyzed. The results showed that the obtained CDS sequence of bovine HSL gene was 2 271 bp in length encoding 756 amino acids, and it shared the highest nucleotide homology （99.9%） with the bovine HSL gene registered in the GenBank; the HSL protein was hydrophobic and contained a HSL-N superfamily conserved domain with no signal peptide structure; semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the HSL gene was expressed in 8 tissues including heart, spleen, lung, kidney, liver, greater omentum, subcutaneous fat and muscle; the highest expression level was observed in the greater omentum and subcutaneous fat, and the moderate expression level was found in kidney, spleen, liver, lung, muscle and heart. This study may provide a reference for assessing the structure and function of bovine HSL proteins.

[Objective] To characterize the expression and distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in sheep lung. [Method] The lung tissues of adult sheep were sampled to prepare the paraffin sections. The morphological structure of sheep lung tissues was observed by HE staining. The distribution of VEGF in sheep lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. [Result] VEGF expression was observed in all types of lung cells. The strong positive expression signals of VEGF were detected in epithelial cells in bronchioles and terminal bronchioles of air conduction part of the lung, epithelial cells in alveolar ductules and respiratory bronchioles of the respiratory part of lung, and the vascular endothelial cells of the lung. [Conclusion] VEGF was widely distributed in lung tissues of sheep and played an important role in the maintenance of lung morphological structure and function.

In order to screen the strains suitable for producing biological feed by solid-state fermentation with grape skin residues, the grape skin residues were used as the main raw material, and the true protein content was used as the evaluation index. To screen the optimal strains for fermentation use, the solid-state fermentation experiment was conducted with single stain or multi-strain combinations of Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum. Furthermore, the effect of solid medium sterilization or non-sterilisation process on the true protein content of the fermentation products was assessed. The results showed that the non-sterilized solid medium containing grape skin residues had higher true protein content in the fermentation products. For single strain fermentation experiment, the highest true protein content （13.75%） was observed in the products fermented with Candida utilis. For mixed strains fermentation experiment, the dual-combination of Candida utilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus had the highest true protein content （13.88%） in fermentation products, and showed better fermentation effect compared to the triple- or quadruple-combination of other strains. It was indicated that the best strains combination for the solid-state fermentation of grape skin residues was Candida utilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in embryo transfer effect and lamb early growth performance between small-tailed Han sheep and Mongolian sheep when they were used as the recipients. South African meat Merino sheep （n=11） and Australian white sheep （n=110） were used as donors, and small-tailed Han sheep （n=196） and Mongolian sheep （n=504） were used as recipients. The donors were subjected to superovulation and artificial insemination treatment, the total number of collected embryos and the number of available embryos was recorded, and the average number of available embryos per donor ewe and the qualified rate of embryos was calculated. The small-tailed Han sheep and Mongolian sheep were received simultaneous estrus and embryo transfer treatment, the number of lambs provided by the recipient ewes was recorded, and the reproduction rate was calculated. For the different varieties of recipient ewes, the average birth weight and survival rate of their lambs, the number and weight of their 70-day-old weaned lambs, the average daily gain of their lambs, and the average number of weaned lambs provided by each ewe were determined and compared, respectively. The results showed that a total of 549 available embryos were obtained from the donor ewes with an average of 4.54 embryos per sheep, and the embryo qualified rate was 82.56%. A total of 529 recipient ewes were qualified to receive embryo transfer treatment, and 240 lambs were obtained with an average reproduction rate of 45.37%. The small-tailed Han sheep had obviously higher estrus rate and reproduction rate compared to the Mongolian sheep. A total of 211 70-day-old weaned lambs were obtained, and the survival rate and average daily gain of the lambs was 87.92% and 280.00 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in birth weight of the lambs produced by small-tailed Han sheep and Mongolian sheep （P>0.05）. The weight of the 70-day-old weaned lambs and average daily gain of the lambs provided by small-tailed Han sheep were extremely significantly （P<0.01） and significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Mongolian sheep, respectively. The survival rate of the lambs provided by Mongolian sheep was significantly higher than that of small-tailed Han sheep （P<0.05）. The average number of the weaned lambs （0.42） provided by per small-tailed Han sheep was slightly higher than that of Mongolian sheep （0.39）. Accordingly, small-tailed Han sheep had a slight advantage as embryo transfer recipient. The combined data suggest that both small-tailed Han sheep and Mongolian sheep can be used as recipients for embryo transfer in Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the meat quality of the hybrids of Dorper sheep and Bayannur prolific sheep. The F₁ crossbred lambs of Dorper sheep × Bayannur prolific sheep as well as the local sheep lambs in Korla of Xinjiang were selected. The physical and chemical indicators, nutritional components content and mineral content of the muscle tissues of the lambs were determined by routine methods, and the differences between the varieties of lambs were statistically compared. The results showed that the pH_{45 min} value and cooked meat percentage of the muscle samples from the F₁ crossbred lambs of Dorper sheep and Bayannur prolific sheep were significantly higher than that of the local sheep lambs （P<0.05）, and the shear force and water loss rate were significantly lower than that of the local sheep lambs （P<0.05）; the F₁ crossbred lambs had significantly lower crude ash content （P<0.05） but significantly higher crude protein and crude fat content （P<0.05） in muscle samples compared to the local sheep lambs; extremely significantly higher iron content （P<0.01） and significantly higher content of copper, manganese, magnesium, calcium and zinc （P<0.05） was observed in muscle samples from F₁ crossbred lambs compared to the local sheep lambs. The combined data suggest that the F₁ crossbred lambs of Dorper sheep and Bayannur prolific sheep performed better in meat quality than the local sheep lambs.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different treatment methods on the estrous synchronization of Bamei sheep. Two groups of ewes were subjected to estrous synchronization treatment with CIDR （progesterone vaginal suppository） + PMSG （pregnant horse serum gonadotropin） + PGF_2α （cloprostenol） and CIDR + PMSG, respectively. The estrus rate of the two groups was compared. The results showed that the estrus rate of the ewes treated with CIDR+PMSG+PGF_2α was 74%, and that of the ewes treated with CIDR+PMSG was 94%. It was concluded that CIDR+PMSG treatment had better performance in estrous synchronization of Bamei sheep.

Beta-defensin has been found to be widely expressed in the female reproductive system of mammals, which plays an important role in immunity, prevention of reproductive tract infection and normal fetal development. In this paper, the distribution, function and regulation of beta-defensin in female mammalian reproductive system were reviewed, and its application was prospected, in hoping to provide references for better reveal the roles of beta-defensin in female reproductive system.

The wide application of artificial insemination technology has played a positive role in promoting the sound and rapid development of the pig industry. Due to the fast development of the modern express industry and the maturity of estrus synchronization technology in swine, artificial insemination can be performed with the liquid-preserved semen globally. Compared to the cryopreservation methods, normal temperature preservation methods have some irreplaceable advantages. Improving the utilization rate of genetic resources of improved boars is closely associated with the normal temperature preservation technology of their semen. The liquid preservation technology of boar semen at normal temperature is reviewed from the aspects of temperature, season and additives in semen extenders.

Genes, as mediators of genetic information, determine the performance of the creature′s traits. The occurrence of genetic sequence variation is an inevitable trend of organisms to adapt to the environmental changes. The allele in the diploid organism is a pair of genes that controls relative traits. Therefore, the effect of allele specific expression varies depending on the cell type and its developmental stage, showing differences between different individuals. Differential expression of alleles plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and may ultimately be linked to phenotypic polymorphisms in organisms. Allele specific expression analysis has been widely used in animal studies to help improve the ability to identify and regulate genetic variation. The research progress on the formation mechanism of allele specific expression and its application is reviewed, in hoping to provide a theoretical basis for further revealing the genetic mechanism of allele specific expression and accelerating its application in animal production.

In recent years, the developmental trend of pesticide residues detection technology is characterized by simplification, miniaturization and automation during sample pretreatment process. In this paper, several newly used sample pretreatment techniques for pesticide residues detection in recent years were reviewed and prospected, in hoping to provide references for the development of sample pretreatment method of pesticide residues detection in traditional Chinese medicine.

Currently, transformation and upgrading as well as the green and high-quality development is required in animal husbandry industry. This paper introduced the currently used manure treatment models in dairy farms in Shapotou District of Zhongwei City of Ningxia, analyzed the existing problems in manure treatment in dairy farms in this region, and put forward some corresponding suggestions for improvement, in hoping to provide references for harmless treatment and resource utilization of manure in dairy farms in Shapotou District, and to further promote the healthy and sustainable development of dairy industry in Shapotou District.

Based on the current situation and existing problems of large-scale beef cattle farms in China′s agricultural areas, and the production practice of limited agricultural land and grassland resources, this paper puts forward some management technology measures, such as selectively referencing the successful experience from dairy cattle farming, formulating precise production management plan,implementing scientific grouping and reproduction control strategies, in hoping to provide references for improving the management level of large-scale beef cattle farms in China′s agricultural areas.

The production of free radicals induced by oxidative stress is an integral part of aerobic metabolism. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） are produced in normal metabolic processes and by certain white blood cell populations during disease defense. More and more studies have shown that oxidative damage of tissues and cells can directly or indirectly induce the occurrence of many diseases, and then affects the health and welfare of animals. The production performance of high-yielding dairy cows can be optimized by supplementing antioxidants to a certain extent. This paper reviewed the research progress on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system, and expounded their relationship with inflammatory response in perinatal dairy cows, in hoping to further reveal the molecular mechanism of antioxidants in preventing immune dysfunction and oxidative damage of host tissues, and to avoid the occurrence of metabolic diseases and clinical diseases induced by oxidative stress in perinatal dairy cows.

This study aimed to assess the effect of the free-range mode in tea garden on the growth and slaughtering performance of Yaoshan chickens. A total of 120 30-day-old Yaoshan chickens with the similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into two groups （n=60 for each group）. There were 6 repeats in each group with 10 chickens in each repeat. The chickens in the two separate group were free-range reared in tea garden and sloping fields, respectively. The chickens were slaughtered at the age of 90 days, and the indicators associated with growth and slaughtering performance of the two groups were determined and statistically compared. The results showed that the Yaoshan chickens reared in sloping fields had lower 90-day-old body weight, significantly lower average daily gain （P<0.05） and higher feed gain ratio compared to those reared in tea garden; the slaughtering weight, semi-net weight, total net weight, leg muscle weight and lean meat rate of the 90-day-old Yaoshan chickens reared in tea garden were higher than those reared in sloping fields, but no significant differences were observed （P>0.05）; significantly higher liver weight and spleen weight were observed in tea garden reared group than sloping fields reared group （P<0.05）; the Yaoshan chickens reared in tea garden had significantly higher content of histidine, arginine and inosinic acid compared to their counterparts reared in sloping fields （P<0.05）, and no significant differences in the other tested nutritional component between the two groups were observed （P>0.05）. It was indicated that the free-range rearing in tea garden was more conducive to the growth of Yaoshan chickens compared to the free-range rearing in sloping fields.

In view of the existing problems in development of dairy industry in Hebei Province, such as significant decline in number of stocking dairy cows, high cost of breeding, impact of imported milk powder and imbalance in benefits distribution between dairy farmers and dairy companies, based on the in-depth study and prediction of the advantages and disadvantages of the current integration management model in dairy industry in Hebei Province and its development prospects, specific measures to facilitate the integration of dairy industry in Hebei Province were put forward, in hoping to further promote the sustainable development of the dairy industry in this region, and to provide ideas for improving the dairy farming benefits.

Common Diseases of Animals is a highly practical course, and traditional teaching can no longer meet the cultivation requirements for the applied talents with strong practical ability. In order to solve such problems, the teaching contents and methods of this course are reformed to cultivate undergraduates′ learning and innovative ability.

Veterinary Microbiology is a professional basic curriculum in the undergraduate course system of the veterinary medicine major. It involves a wide range of contents and has quick knowledge updates. The limited class time cannot satisfy the undergraduates′ learning expectation for the cutting-edge knowledge of the discipline. The traditional fill-in teaching mode cannot effectively exert the undergraduates′ initiative and accordingly affects the improvement of teaching quality. Fragmented mobile micro-learning based on smart phones has been widely used in the teaching process of foreign language course and other liberal art courses because it caters to the needs of recreational learning and life-long learning. However, it has not been fully promoted in teaching of non-literary majors such as microbiology. This paper introduces the concept and research status of fragmented mobile micro-learning, analyzes its application in teaching of Veterinary Microbiology, in hoping to provide references for the teaching reform of related disciplines.

With the rapid development of information technology, the fusion of modern informative technology and college teaching has become an inevitable trend during the development of the times. The teaching mode with focus on "teaching" is shifting to that with emphasis on "learning". Moso Teach is used as a platform for mobile informative teaching with the learning function of mobile phone. The Moso Teach allows the closely combination of informatization and classroom teaching in the practice of bilingual teaching, which provides an ideal platform for the reform of teaching methods in colleges and universities. We analyze the advantages of application of Moso Teach in the bilingual teaching Genomics, and draw the conclusion that the bilingual teaching method characterized by mobile informatization based on Moso Teach can be promoted and applied in colleges and universities.

The animal science major of Department of Animal Science of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University was approved as national pilot major in the first batch for the training model reform of excellent agricultural and forestry talents with high practicality and professional skill. In response to the national requirements for the reform of the talent training model, our university has performed vigorously reforms on the talents training program. Feed Analysis and Quality Inspection Technology is an important course in animal science major with high practicality and applicability. By using the project teaching method, the undergraduates′ practical ability, innovation consciousness and collaboration spirit were cultivated, and the teaching system of the experimental course was optimized.

Experimental course is an indispensable and key link in the teaching of Animal Genetics, it is an important way for undergraduates to understand and master the basic theoretical knowledge and experimental techniques of genetics. By analyzing the existing problems in experimental teaching of Animal Genetics, the corresponding improvement measures are proposed, including selecting and optimizing the experimental content, optimizing the teaching mode and assessment method, etc, in hoping to effectively improve the teaching quality and classroom effect, and to provide reference for the experimental teaching of related courses.

The student-centered experiencing teaching mode is conducive to improving the teaching effectiveness. Using the teaching reform of Veterinary Internal Medicine as the study object, the current status in teaching process of this curriculum in universities and colleges were analyzed. Furthermore, the application of experiencing teaching mode in Veterinary Internal Medicine was actively explored, in hoping to improve the teaching effectiveness.

[Objective] To investigate the infection status of equine influenza virus in large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province, and to identify the possible sources of the virus. [Method] Clinical samples were collected from the large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng City. The positive rate of serum antibodies against H3N8 subtype of equine influenza virus was determined by HI test. RT-PCR was used to amplify the M gene of equine influenza virus in lungs and nasal swabs. The obtained M gene was sequenced and compared with the M gene of different influenza viruses to infer its origin. [Result] HI test showed that the positive rate of equine influenza virus H3N8 subtype in 120 serum samples was 33.3% （40/120）. The positive rate for female donkeys, male donkeys and donkey foals was 42.5% （17/40）, 32.5% （13/40） and 25.0% （10/40）, respectively. RT-PCR assay demonstrated that 32.3% （21/65） of the samples was detected as positive for the presence of M gene. The M gene obtained in this study is highly homologous to H3N8 subtype influenza virus of equine （CY032222, CY032318, CY028821, etc.）, with the highest homology of 99.8%. [Conclusion] Equine influenza virus is prevalent in several large-scale donkey farms around Liaocheng City. The M gene of influenza virus obtained from donkeys in this study belongs to the M gene of H3N8 subtype of equine influenza virus.

In order to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in the dogs in Alar City, a total of 138 fecal samples from the dogs visiting veterinary practices in this area were screened for the presence of intestinal parasites by using direct smearing method and saturated saline floating method. The results showed that the total intestinal parasitic infection rate of the surveyed dogs was 63.77%. Four kinds of canine intestinal parasites were found, including Toxocara canis, Isospora canis, Ancylostoma caninum and Dipylidium caninum, and the corresponding infection rate were 33.33%, 18.12%, 8.69% and 3.62%, respectively. Among the dogs infected with intestinal parasites, 23 cases had mixed infection of 2 kinds of intestinal parasites, 11 cases had mixed infection of more than 2 kinds of intestinal parasites, and the mixed infection rate was 39.77%; Toxocara canis and Isospora canis were found as the dominant intestinal parasite species in dogs visiting veterinary practices in this region.

To investigate the prevalence of parvovirus disease in Muscovy ducks in Anhui Province, antibodies of the Muscovy ducks serum samples collected from different areas of this province against goose parvovirus was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. In addition, PCR assay was used to identify the etiological agents of the Muscovy ducks with clinically suspected parvovirus infection. The results showed that the positive rate of goose parvovirus serum antibody in the 44 serum samples tested was as high as 34.1%; PCR results demonstrated that 2 and 1 of the tested samples were positive for the presence of goose parvovirus and Muscovy duck parvovirus, respectively, and all of the 3 positive samples were collected from the Muscovy ducking. Our results identify the prevalence of goose parvovirus and Muscovy duck parvovirus infections in the Muscovy duck population in this region, and effective prevention and control measures should be taken.

In order to determine the etiological agent associated with the death of mink with pneumonia, the dead mink was autopsied. A gram-positive cocci was isolated from the clinical sample, and it was subsequently subjected to colony morphology observation, biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rDNA sequence was constructed, and the homology analysis was performed. The antimicrobial sensitivity test of the isolated strain was also carried out. The results showed that based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolate, combined with 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis, the isolates were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that the strain was sensitive to penicillin, amoxicillin, moxifloxacin and some other antibiotics, but had strong resistance to tetracycline.

[Objective]To assess the therapeutic effect of salicylic acid on pododermatitis in dairy cow. [Method]A total of 45 dairy cows clinically diagnosed as pododermatitis were selected and randomly assigned into the following three groups a negative control group （n=5） received no treatment, an antimicrobial control group （n=20） received administration of lincomycin, and a salicylic acid treatment group （n=20） received 40% salicylic acid ointment. To evaluate the therapeutic effect, the dairy cows were subjected to lameness scoring and skin pain scoring on the 0, 3^rd, 14^th, and 30^th day of the administration, respectively.[Result]On the 3^rd day of administration, no fully recovered cases were observed in the antimicrobial control group and salicylic acid treatment group, and the symptom of lameness was obviously alleviated after treatment. On the 14^th day of administration, the cure rate of salicylic acid treatment group was 45%, which was obviously higher than that of the antimicrobial control group （25%）, and the effective rate was 75%, which was higher than that of the antimicrobial control group （60%）. On the 30^th day of administration, the effective rate of salicylic acid treatment group was 65%, which was higher than that of the antimicrobial control group （55%）.[Conclusion]Salicylic acid has a good clinical therapeutic effect and can be used as alternative medicine for the treatment of pododermatitis in dairy cow.

Femoral fracture in cats often occurs due to direct external forces and bone loss. This paper introduces the diagnosis, treatment and post-operative nursing of a clinical case of femoral fracture in a Dragen-Li cat, in hoping to provide references for pets clinical practice.

Clostridiosis welchii in cattle and sheep caused by Clostridium perfringens is an acute infectious disease which often results in sheep enterotoxemia, sheep and cattle struck, lamb dysentery, etc. This disease is characterized by acute onset, rapid progression and high mortality, bringing huge economic losses to cattle and sheep breeding industry. In this paper, the diagnosis and comprehensive control measures of clostridiosis welchii in cattle and sheep were reviewed, in hoping to provide references for the prevention and treatment of this disease.