北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 37-44.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.06.06

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同改良措施对河套灌区盐渍化土壤性质及向日葵产量的影响

白勇兴1, 慕宗杰2, 赵举2, 赵强1, 刘晓燕1, 栗艳芳2, 卢旭东2, 景宇鹏2,3, 李跃进3   

  1. 1.杭锦后旗农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古 陕坝 015400;
    2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.内蒙古农业大学 草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-02-04
  • 通讯作者: 景宇鹏(1983—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事土壤改良与培肥的研究工作。李跃进(1960—),男,教授,硕士,博士生导师,主要从事盐渍化土壤资源利用的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:白勇兴(1985—),男,农艺师,硕士,主要从事土壤改良与农业技术推广的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2018CXJJN03,2020CXJJN06);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2020ZY0016);内蒙古自治区重大专项项目(2019ZD009,2019ZD002);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2017MS0313,2018MS03007)

Effects of different ameliorating measures on salinized soil properties and sunflower yield in Hetao Irrigation Area

BAI Yongxing1, MU Zongjie2, ZHAO Ju2, ZHAO Qiang1, LIU Xiaoyan1, LI Yanfang2, LU Xudong2, JING Yupeng2,3, LI Yuejin3   

  1. 1. Hanggin Rear Banner Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Shanba 015400,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. College of Grassland,Resources and Enviroment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural Unversity,Hohhot 010011,China
  • Received:2020-10-16 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-02-04

摘要: 【目的】 研究不同改良措施对河套灌区盐渍化土壤的改良效果。【方法】 以河套灌区典型盐渍化土壤为研究对象,采用大田对比试验方法,系统研究了5种改良措施对盐渍化土壤理化性状、养分含量变化及向日葵生长指标和产量的影响。【结果】 不同改良措施均能有效降低土壤容重、盐碱化指标,增加土壤孔隙度,其中磷石膏+明沙+有机肥处理对土壤物理性状的改良效果较为明显,较常规施肥处理(对照)土壤容重降低10.27%,孔隙度增大13.00%;土壤pH值、碱化度分别下降了7.17%、12.49%,土壤脱盐率为42.96%。不同改良措施对盐渍化土壤养分含量的影响各不相同,单施有机肥、磷石膏+明沙+有机肥处理土壤有机质、全氮含量分别较对照增加8.06%~11.29%、27.43%~28.24%;除明沙处理外,其他各处理土壤速效养分含量、向日葵株高和茎粗均显著高于对照,且磷石膏+明沙+有机肥处理向日葵产量最高,为3 142.69 kg/hm2,较对照增产35.76%。【结论】 磷石膏+明沙+有机肥处理对土壤理化性状、养分含量的改善效果最好,其次为磷石膏+有机肥,而明沙处理对河套灌区盐渍化土壤的改善效果最差,该结果可为河套灌区盐渍化土壤改良与利用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 改良措施, 盐渍化土壤, 土壤理化性状, 向日葵, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To study the effect of different ameliorating measures on the salinized soil in Hetao Irrigation Area.【Methods】Taking the typical salinized soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area as the research materials,using the field comparative test method,the effects of five ameliorating measures on the physical and chemical properties of the salinized soil,the changes in nutrient content,and sunflower growth indicators and yield were systematically studied.【Results】Different ameliorating measures could effectively reduce soil bulk density,salinized index,and increase soil porosity. Among them,the treatment of phosphogypsum+Mingsha+organic fertilizer had a more obvious ameliorating effect on soil physical properties,which was lower than the conventional fertilization treatment(control)10.27%,porosity increased by 13.00%;soil pH and alkalinity decreased by 7.17% and 12.49%,respectively,and soil desalination rate was 42.96%. Different ameliorating measures had different effects on the nutrient content of salinized soil. The organic matter and total nitrogen content of the soil treated with organic fertilizer,phosphogypsum+Mingsha+organic fertilizer increased by 8.06%-11.29% and 27.43%-28.24% respectively compared with the control. Except for the Mingsha treatment,the soil available nutrient content,sunflower plant height and stem diameter of the other treatments were significantly higher than the control,and the sunflower yield of the phosphogypsum+Mingsha+organic fertilizer treatment was 3 142.69 kg/hm2,which was 35.76% increase compared to the control.【Conclusion】Phosphogypsum+Mingsha+organic fertilizer treatment had the best effect on improving soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient content,followed by phosphogypsum+organic fertilizer,while Mingsha treatment was the worst one. The results could provide technical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil in Hetao Irrigation Area.

Key words: Ameliorating measures, Salinized soil, Soil physical and chemical properties, Sunflower, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S646