北方农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 71-76.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.01.11

• 土壤肥料·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

全生物降解地膜降解特性及其对水稻旱作产量的影响

刘会1, 刘宏金2, 王金玲1, 武岩2, 刘波1, 孙德华1, 郭晓宇2, 春兰3, 刘俊鹏4   

  1. 1.扎赉特旗农村能源工作站,内蒙古 音德尔镇 137600;
    2.内蒙古自治区农业技术推广站,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011;
    3.扎赉特旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古 音德尔镇 137600;
    4.兴安盟农村能源管理站,内蒙古 乌兰浩特 137400
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-28 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘宏金(1982—),男,高级农艺师,学士,主要从事农业资源、环境保护技术推广与管理工作。
  • 作者简介:刘 会(1975—),男,高级农艺师,学士,主要从事农业资源、环境保护技术推广与管理工作。
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部可降解地膜筛选对比试验项目(2160108)

Degradation characteristics of full biodegradable mulching film and its effect on non-flooding rice yield

LIU Hui1, LIU Hongjin2, WANG Jinling1, WU Yan2, LIU Bo1, SUN Dehua1, GUO Xiaoyu2, Chunlan3, LIU Junpeng4   

  1. 1. Jalaid Banner Rural Energy Work Station,Yindeer Town 137600,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Hohhot 010011,China;
    3. Jalaid Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yindeer Town 137600,China;
    4. Hinggan League Rural Energy Management Station,Ulanhot 137400,China
  • Received:2020-11-28 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-03-23

摘要: 【目的】 评价水稻旱作栽培模式下不同全生物降解地膜的实用效果。【方法】 以6种全生物降解地膜(T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6)和1种普通地膜(CK)为试验材料,通过田间填埋试验和水稻旱作覆膜栽培试验,监测各处理全生物降解地膜的降解特性,并分析全生物降解地膜对水稻旱作产量的影响。【结果】 田间填埋试验中,填埋90 d后,T5处理全部进入碎裂期,T1和T2处理大部分进入碎裂期,且均已无强度和弹性;T6处理进入大裂期,降解速度最慢,且仍少有弹性。填埋180 d后,T1、T3、T4和T5处理进入无膜期,T2和T6处理仍处于碎裂期,6种全生物降解地膜均已无强度和弹性。填埋365 d后,6种全生物降解地膜全部降解。CK自填埋开始至填埋365 d后均未出现降解现象,且强度和弹性无变化。水稻旱作覆膜栽培试验中,与其他处理相比,T6处理于覆膜后100 d(8月6日)进入开裂期,进入开裂期时间最晚;覆膜后141 d(9月17日)6种全生物降解地膜全部进入碎裂期。与CK相比,T1、T5、T6处理水稻产量增产幅度分别为18.68%、17.38%和17.06%,差异显著(P<0.05),以T1处理水稻旱作产量最高,为8 806.99 kg/hm2。【结论】 结合6种全生物降解地膜的降解情况及其对水稻旱作产量影响的综合评价认为,对水稻旱作体系而言,在该试验条件下,T1和T5全生物降解地膜降解速度较快,且在提高水稻旱作产量、保护耕地生态环境方面具有较好的效果。

关键词: 全生物降解地膜, 降解特性, 水稻旱作, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To evaluate the practical effects of different full biodegradable mulching film on non-flooding rice. 【Methods】 Using 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching film(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6)and 1 common mulching film(CK) as the test materials,through the field landfill experiment and the non-flooding rice mulching cultivation experiment,the degradation characteristics of the full biodegradable mulching film in each treatment was monitored,and the effect of the full biodegradable mulching film on the yield of rice in dry cultivation.【Results】 In the field landfill experiment after 90 days of landfilling,T5 treatment entered the cataclastic period,most of the T1 and T2 treatments entered the cataclastic period,and had no intensity and elasticity;T6 treatment entered the big crack period,the degradation speed was the slowest,and had minor elasticity. After 180 days of landfilling,the T1,T3,T4 and T5 treatments entered the no-film period,and the T2 and T6 treatments were still in the cataclastic period,and the six fully biodegradable mulches had no intensity and elasticity. After 365 days of landfilling,all the 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching films were degraded. No degradation,no intensity and elasticity change for CK during 365 days landfilling. In the non-flooding rice mulching cultivation experiment,compared with other treatments,100 days after mulching(August 6th),the T6 treatment entered the cracking period,and the time to enter the cracking stage was the latest;141 days after mulching(September 17th),all 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching films entered cataclastic period. Compared with CK,the rice yields of T1,T5,and T6 treatments increased significant 18.68%,17.38% and 17.06%,respectively(P<0.05). The T1 treatment got the highest rice yield(8 806.99 kg/hm2). 【Conclusion】 Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the degradation of 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching films and their effects on non-flooding rice yield,it was concluded that for the non-flooding rice system,T1 and T5 degraded faster and increased yield,and also benefit to the ecological environment.

Key words: Full biodegradable mulching film, Degradation characteristics, Non-flooding rice, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S511.04