北方农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 9-17.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.02.02

• 作物栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米秸秆还田方式对土默川平原灌区土壤物理特性的影响

张清旺1, 孙继颖1, 高聚林1, 刘剑2, 张悦忠3, 于晓芳1, 王志刚1, 胡树平2, 包海柱1, 黄志远4   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学 作物栽培与遗传改良自治区重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    2.内蒙古农业大学 职业技术学院,内蒙古 萨拉齐 014109;
    3.扎赉特旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古 音德尔 137600;
    4.内蒙古自治区国营巴彦农场,内蒙古 巴彦农场 162890
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 孙继颖(1972—),女,教授,博士,主要从事玉米栽培生理的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:张清旺(1995—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为玉米栽培生理。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2020CG0030); 呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2020-农-1); 内蒙古草原英才个人项目; 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300802); 农业农村部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站项目(25204120); 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-63)

Effects of different straw returning methods on soil structure and water physical characteristics in the irrigation area of Tumechuan plain

ZHANG Qingwang1, SUN Jiyin1, GAO Julin1, LIU Jian2, ZHANG Yuezhong3, YU Xiaofang1, WANG Zhigang1, HU Shuping2, BAO Haizhu1, HUANG Zhiyuan4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    2. Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Salaqi 014109,China;
    3. Jalaid Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yindeer 137600,China;
    4. Inner Mongolia State-owned Bayan Farm,Bayan Farm 162890,China
  • Received:2022-02-25 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-06-20

摘要: 【目的】分析玉米秸秆不同还田方式对土默川平原灌区土壤物理特性的改良效果,探究最适合的秸秆还田方式。【方法】以玉米品种先玉335为供试材料,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置5种秸秆还田方式:农户常规耕作(CK)、深翻秸秆还田(DPR)、深松秸秆还田(SSR)、秸秆覆盖免耕(NTR)、秸秆覆盖条带深旋(SCR),研究不同还田方式对土壤物理特性及玉米产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比,2019—2021年,DPR和SSR处理土壤容重下降4.9%~8.5%,土壤孔隙度增加2.9~5.2个百分点,>0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量增加18.1~19.2个百分点,改善了土壤结构;田间持水量提高2.6~5.6个百分点,水分入渗阻力减少,累积入渗量增大,玉米主要需水时期土壤含水量提高,达到了增产效果。DPR和SSR处理3年平均产量分别为12.6、12.3 t/hm2,较CK分别增产19.7%、17.5%。【结论】深翻秸秆还田和深松秸秆还田方式可以有效改良土壤物理特性,提高土壤蓄水能力,增加玉米产量。

关键词: 玉米, 秸秆还田, 土壤物理特性, 土壤水分, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】Analyze the impact of various maize straw returning modes on soil physical characteristics,and determine the best method for returning maize straw to the field.【Methods】In a single factor random block design maize variety Xianyu 335 was used to set up five different straw returning modes:conventional farming(CK),deep ploughing straw returning(DPR),subsoiling straw returning(SSR),straw mulching no tillage(NTR),and straw mulching strip deep rotation(SCR). The effects of the different methods on soil physical characteristics and yield were investigated.【Results】From 2019 to 2021,compare with the CK,the soil bulk density of DPR and SSR treatments decreased by 4.9%-8.5%. The soil porosity increased by 2.9-5.2 percentage points. The content of water stable aggregates over 0.25 mm in soil increased by 18.1-19.2 percentage points. The soil structure was improved. The field water capacity increased by 2.6-5.6 percentage points. The water infiltration resistance decreased,and the cumulative infiltration increased. The soil water content improved during the maize peak water demand period and yield increased. The average yield for DPR and SSR treatment was 12.6 and 12.3 t/hm2 in three years. Increased by 19.7% and 17.5% compared with CK.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing and subsoiling straw returning effectively improved soil physical characteristics,increased soil water storage capacity and boosted maize yield.

Key words: Maize, Straw returning, Soil physical characteristics, Soil water content, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S141.4