辽东南地区酸性土壤连续施用调节剂对玉米生长发育及产量构成的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究辽东南地区酸性土壤连续施用调节剂生石灰与有机肥对玉米生长发育及产量构成的影响。【方法】于2019—2021年在辽宁省凤城市进行田间试验，设不施调节剂（CK）、生石灰（CaO）、有机肥（Organic）、有机肥+生石灰（Organic+CaO）4个处理，分析连续施用调节剂对玉米植株性状、干物质积累量、产量构成等指标的影响。【结果】2019—2021年，CaO、Organic+CaO处理的玉米产量显著高于CK（P<0.05）；Organic处理产量与CK无显著差异（P>0.05），且在连续施用第3年出现产量降低趋势。CaO处理增产幅度在2.12%~19.74%；Organic+CaO处理施用前两年增产率分别为15.74%和7.89%，但在施用第3年未表现出增产效应。年份、调节剂以及两者互作对玉米产量的影响均达极显著水平（P<0.01），CaO、Organic+CaO处理玉米产量显著高于CK（P<0.05），CaO处理穗数显著高于CK（P<0.05），与Organic+CaO与CaO处理无显著差异（P>0.05）。Organic+CaO与CaO处理穗粒数与单位面积粒数显著高于Organic处理与CK（P<0.05）。Organic+CaO处理千粒重显著高于Organic处理与CK（P<0.05），与CaO处理无显著差异（P>0.05）。产量与穗粒数（R²=0.614）、单位面积粒数（R²=0.746）呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。连续施用调节剂能够显著提高玉米株高、穗位高和穗位比，且对穗位高的影响大于对株高的影响；叶面积指数（LAI）生育前期增长较快、生育后期缓慢降低，其中Organic+CaO处理和Organic处理表现明显；提高了各生育时期的干物质积累量以及花后干物质积累量的比例，且Organic+CaO处理效果优于Organic处理和CaO处理。【结论】在酸性土壤条件下，连续施用CaO和Organic+CaO能够促进玉米生长发育，但从产量角度出发，在辽东南地区施用Organic+CaO作为调节剂时，应避免连续施用2年以上。

关键词: 酸性土壤, 玉米, 调节剂, 产量, 产量构成

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City，Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner（CK），quicklime（CaO），organic fertilizer（Organic），and organic fertilizer+quicklime（Organic+CaO）. The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits，dry matter accumulation，yield components，and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021，the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years，respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year，soil conditioner，and their interaction had extremely significant effect（P<0.01） on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher（P<0.05） kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with kernel number per ear （R²=0.614） and kernel number per hectare （R²=0.746）. Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height，ear height，and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index （LAI） increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However，from the yield prospective，when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning，continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

Key words: Acidic soil, Maize, Soil conditioner, Yield, Yield components

中图分类号:

S156

张丽丽, 薛兵东, 樊叶, 莫姣娇, 赵新宇, 杨海龙, 付俊, 姜英, 齐华, 王璞. 辽东南地区酸性土壤连续施用调节剂对玉米生长发育及产量构成的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2023, 51(4): 38-47.

ZHANG Lili, XUE Bingdong, FAN Ye, MO Jiaojiao, ZHAO Xinyu, YANG Hailong, FU Jun, JIANG Ying, QI Hua, WANG Pu. Effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on the growth，development and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2023, 51(4): 38-47.

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