【Objective】To explore the effects of different microbial agents on potato growth and development and soil nutrients in potato fields,so as to provide a reference for green and sustainable potato planting in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Potato V7 was used as the test material,by setting distilled water（CK）,applying Bacillus sp. 188 bacterial agent（T1）, Pseudomonas sp. BP16 bacterial agent（T2）,and Streptomyces rochei D74 bacterial agent（T3） four treatments to soak the seeds for 30 min. Potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,nutrient accumulation per plant,leaf chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured at different growth stages after potato planting.【Results】After 110 days of potato planting,compared with CK,the yield of potato in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 7.14% and 9.16%（ P<0.05）,the starch content of tubers was significantly increased by 11.84% and 16.38%（ P<0.05）,the dry matter mass of potato roots,stems,leaves,and tubers were significantly increased by 26.87%,16.92%,11.77% and 13.59% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants was significantly increased by 28.86%,32.78% and 30.81% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）. After 70 days of potato planting,the chlorophyll content in potato leaves treated with T3 treatment was the highest [4.29 mg/（g·FW）],and the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves was significantly increased by 15.29% compared to CK（ P<0.05）. After 50 days of potato planting,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in T3 treatment reached its maximum value（42.32 mg/kg）,the available phosphorus content significantly increased by 26.17% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,and the available potassium content in T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 24.95% and 21.65% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,respectively.After 70 days of planting,the soil ammonium nitrogen content in T2 treatment significantly increased by 47.03% compared to CK（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Soaking seeds with Streptomyces rochei D74 microbial can increase potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,at agent tuber formation stage,the leaf chlorophyll content at maturation stage,soil nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available potassium content at early growth stage,soil ammonium nitrogen at agent tuber formation stage. It can be used as a suitable microbial agent for potato cultivation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content（ P<0.01）. The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest（ P<0.01）,and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature（ P<0.01）. The regression equation of grain dehydration rate （ y） with basic moisture content （ x ₁） and daily average temperature （ x ₂） was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732 x ₁+0.025 422 x ₂, R ²=0.419 2, P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P<0.01）,but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P>0.05）. There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height（ P>0.05）. The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.

【Objective】In order to investigate the effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soybean growth and development in Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia and the economic benefits,and provided a reference for soybean water and fertilizer management in this area.【Methods】The experiment will be carried out in the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulun Buir City from 2022 to 2023. Mengdou No. 48 was used as the test material,and three fertilization treatments were set up,conventional fertilization（CK）,increased application organic fertilizer（OF）,and increased application of microbial fertilizer（MF）,respectively. The experiment analyzed soybean growth traits,leaf SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield factor indexes,and calculated economic benefits,and calculated synergism and efficiency increase.【Results】The plant height,number of main stem nodes and effective branching number of soybean treated with OM were significantly higher than those treated with CK（ P<0.05）,and the bottom pod height of soybean treated with OM and MF was significantly lower than that treated with CK（ P<0.05）. The changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf SPAD value of soybean increased gradually with the progression of growth stage,and the performance was OM>MF>CK.Dry matter accumulation at podding stage,drumming stage and maturity stage was significantly higher under OM treatment than CK（ P<0.05）. The leaf SPAD value of OM treatment was significantly higher than CK at flowering stage,podding stage and druming stage（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the number of pod per plant,grain weight per plant,100-grain weight and effective plant number of soybean in OM and MF treatment were significantly higher than those in CK（ P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference between OM and MF treatment（ P>0.05）. Soybean yield has a extremely significant positive correlation with number of pod per plant,number of seeds per plant,grain weight per plant and effective plant number（ P<0.01）. Soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with whole growth period,plant height,number of main stem nodes,dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value and 100-grain weight（ P<0.05）. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with bottom pod height（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the soybean yield under OM treatment increased by 625.70 kg/hm ² and 599.60 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 21.20% and 19.30%,respectively.In addition,MF treatment increased production by 375.80 kg/hm ² and 237.10 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 10.40% and 3.80%,respectively.【Conclusion】In Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia,the best fertilizer mode for increasing soybean yield and efficiency was to apply organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer.

【Objective】Screening shade-tolerant soybean varieties（lines） suitable for maize-soybean intercropping planting mode in northern Jiangsu,and constructing an accurate and reasonable soybean shade tolerance evaluation system.【Methods】The natural shade environment created by maize-soybean intercropping in northern Jiangsu was used as the treatment,and the clear seed was used as the control. 12 agronomic traits such as plant height,pod height,and branch number of 24 soybean varieties（lines） were measured at maturity stage. Principal component analysis,membership function method,and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to construct shade tolerance coefficients and evaluate the comprehensive shade tolerance of each soybean variety（lines） under intercropping mode.【Results】Index of shade tolerance coefficient of 12 agronomic traits were transformed into 4 independent comprehensive indexes,representing 74.771% of the original data information. The results of comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation value（ D） and cluster analysis showed that 24 soybean varieties（lines） could be divided into 3 categories according to their adaptability under shade stress,including strong shade-tolerant（six varieties/lines）,moderate shade-tolerant（nine varieties/lines）and weak shade-tolerant（nine varieties/lines）. The regression equation of shade tolerance was constructed by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis： D=-1.158+0.062 X ₂+0.249 X ₅+0.201 X ₇+1.002 X ₁₀+0.665 X ₁₁（ R ²=0.972 2）,and the fitting accuracy was more than 89.14%. Five shade tolerance identification indexes of pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100-seed weight and yield were selected.【Conclusion】According to the shade tolerance ability,the 24 soybean varieties（lines） were divided into three categories：strong shade-tolerant,moderate shade-tolerant and weak shade tolerant. Under the maize-soybean intercropping model in northern Jiangsu,five traits,including pod height,number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,100 grain weight,and yield,can be selected for comprehensive evaluation of soybean shade tolerance. Under the maize-soybean intercropping mode in northern Jiangsu,five traits,including pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100 seed weight,and yield,could be selected to comprehensively evaluate the shade tolerance ability of soybean.

【Objective】To screen the suitable maize planting density and varieties in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,and provide reference for the improvement of maize yield per unit area based on this.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia from 2022 to 2023. A two-factor randomized block design was adopted,and the main treatment was plant density（D1：90 000 plants/hm ²,D2：97 500 plants/hm ²,D3：105 000 plants/hm ²,D4：112 500 plants/hm ²,D5：120 000 plants/hm ²）,and varieties were sub-treated（Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268,Jinyuan 118）. The effects of different densities on agronomic traits,yield components and yield of each maize variety were analyzed,and their economic benefits were calculated.【Results】At 5 densities,the reproductive growth of Sitai 112 was 3 days earlier than that of other varieties. At D3 density,Mingyu 268 plant height and ear height both were the highest,which were 3.18 and 1.33 cm,respectively. At D5 density,the lodging rate and hollow bar ratio of Mingyu 268 both were the highest,which were 30.40% and 14.21%,respectively. With the increase of density,the ear length of each variety gradually decreased and the values of Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268 and Jinyuan 118 reached the maximum at the density of D1,which were 20.10,21.55,18.75 and 20.85 cm,and there was no significant difference in ear diameter among varieties（ P>0.05）. At the density of D1 and D2,the yield and net income of Sitai 112 were highest,which were 14.68,15.01 t/hm ² and 27 394,28 017 yuan/hm ². At the density of D3 and D4,the yield and net income of Lilong 170 were highest,which were 17.09,17.00 t/hm ² and 32 504,32 206 yuan/hm ². At the density of D5,the yield and net income of Jinyuan 118 were highest,which were 13.13 t/hm ² and 23 585 yuan/hm ².【Conclusion】In Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,the high-yield cultivated varieties were Sitai 112 at 90 000 and 97 500 plants/hm ²,Lilong 170 at 105 000 and 112 500 plants/hm ²,and Jinyuan 118 at 120 000 plants/hm ².

Sea buckthorn is widely planted in the northwest region of China,and its fruit contains abundant phenolic compounds,sugars,vitamins,etc. It has antioxidant and anti-aging,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor,skin health and other effects. As a medicinal and edible plant,sea buckthorn fruit is used in industries such as food,medicine,agriculture,and animal husbandry. The article provides an overview of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn fruit,aiming to lay the foundation for further exploration and utilization of sea buckthorn fruit resources.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil bacterial community in Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.【Methods】Four corn straw returning modes including subsoiling returning straw（SSR）,deep spin returning straw（SCR）,deep tillage returning straw（DPR）,no-tillage returning straw（NTR）,and farmer′s shallow rotation（CK）were the positioning tests. Soil bacterial community diversity was investigated by 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology,and its correlation with soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】There were significant effects in soil bacterial diversity and community composition among different straw returning treatments（ P<0.05）,in which,NTR treatment significantly enhanced the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes（ P<0.05）,the abundance of Chloroflexi in DPR treatment was significantly increased（ P<0.05）,and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. That the straw returing treatments could significantly improve the soil physicochemical properties and increase soil enzyme activities,among which SSR treatment had the most significant improvement effect（ P<0.05）. RDA analysis found that the main physicochemical properties that drive the composition of the soil bacterial community were alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium,cation exchange capacity,compaction and bulk density, Arthrobacter, Gaiella, Solirorobacter, Streptomyces were susceptible to soil environmental factors.【Conclusion】The straw returning has a positive effect on the improvement of the soil biological community in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.

Quinoa has multiple health effects such as antioxidant,anti-cancer,anti-allergy,sugar control,lipid regulation,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,etc.Quinoa is a multi-grain food with full nutrients,high biological activity and multi-health functions,and has a large development space. This paper reviews the protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid,complex vitamins such as vitamin B ₂,vitamin B ₆,and folic acid,minerals such as Mg,Zn,and Fe,and bioactive substances such as polyphenols,flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides in quinoa,and analyzes other functions and development prospects of quinoa. And put forward the scientific and technological research suggestions of quinoa in the big health industry.

【Objective】To constructed the quality evaluation methods of Epimedii Folium from different sources.【Methods】High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the four flavonoids of epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C and icariin of the 30 batches of Epimedii Folium samples. The content of total flavonoids in the samples were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer（UV）,and the alcohol soluble extract and total ash were also measured. Using grey relational analysis（GRA） combined with SPSS 27.0 and Simca 14.1 software for principal component analysis and cluster analysis,evaluate the quality of Epimedii Folium from different sources.【Results】The optimal reference sequence correlation,the worst reference sequence correlation and the relative correlation of the 30 batches of Epimedii Folium samples were 0.26-0.62,0.35-0.76 and 0.27-0.63,respectively. The results of principal component analysis show that the eigenvalues of the three principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were 3.179,1.964 and 1.185,respectively. The variance contribution rates were 39.733%,24.554% and 14.818%,respectively. The cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.102%. In the cluster analysis,when the square Euclidean distance was 5,the samples were divided into 6 categories.【Conclusion】The GRA method combined with SPSS 27.0 and Simca 14.1 can evaluate the quality of Epimedii Folium comprehensively and reliably.

Wheat is one of the important food crops globally and has significant implications for the development of China economy. Soil salinization can induce high pH stress，osmotic stress，ionic toxicity and oxidative damage in wheat，which inhibit the normal physiological and metabolic activities of wheat，leading to the limitation of its growth and development and reduction of yield. The article summarizes the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on growth，cell structure and physiology and biochemistry of wheat，and describes the response mechanism of wheat to saline and alkaline stresses，with the aim of providing reference for improving the saline-alkali tolerance of wheat.

Millet has the value of diet therapy and medicinal use.This paper gives an overview of the nutritional components such as protein,fat,starch,dietary fiber,vitamins,minerals and the bioactive substances such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,yellow pigments,sterols in millet,and analyzes the special nutritional components,functions and development and application of millet,with the aim providing reference for better mining the comprehensive value of millet and utilizing millet resources.

The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is an important ecological security barrier to curb desertification and sandification east to South in China,which is of great strategic significance to national food security and border stability. For a long time,the problems of farmland desertification degradation and productivity decline caused by serious soil wind erosion and over-cultivation have become increasingly prominent. The technology of straw crushing and covering surface wind erosion prevention has been carried out at home and abroad. The application of straw in the agro-pastoral ecotone is easy to blow away the soil and the stability of wind erosion control is poor. Therefore,the in-depth study of straw mulching technology for wind erosion prevention is of great significance in farmland ecological management. The paper discusses straw mulching techniques such as stubble mulching,broken straw mulching and stubble-straw composite mulching on wind erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization,elucidates the effects of straw mulching on soil microbial community structure and crop agronomic traits and yield traits,summarizes the innovative content and application effects of stubble-straw composite mulching technology,and clarifies the effect and suitability of the wind erosion prevention by the differentiated stubble-straw composite precision mulching technology created in combination with the ecological characteristics of agro-pastoral ecotone and complex farming systems.The differentiated stubble-straw composite precise mulching technology has become the leading technology in major projects such as black soil protection in Northeast China,national farmland protection and quality improvement,and has been widely promoted and applied,providing important scientific and technological support for farmland protection and utilization,and national food security.

【Objective】 To explore the improvement effect of adding sheep manure and humic acid on saline-alkali land in Hebei Province.【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Lincheng County,Hebei Province,and five treatments were set up： no fertilization （CK）,single application of compound fertilizer （T1）,compound fertilizer with sheep manure （T2）,compound fertilizer with humic acid （T3）,and compound fertilizer with sheep manure and humic acid （T4）. The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility,wheat yield,soil physical properties,enzyme activities and microorganisms were analyzed.【Results】 Compared with CK,soil fertility was significantly improved by all treatments,and the maximum increase of T4 treatment was 154.81%. Wheat yield was significantly increased by 58.52%,89.25%,83.96%,108.81% （ P<0.05）,and T4 treatment had the best effect. It can reduce soil pH value,soluble salt concentration （EC） and bulk density. T4 treatment has significant effect,and the maximum reduction was 6.72%,21.75% and 7.75%,respectively. Soil porosity could be improved,and the maximum increase of T4 treatment was 33.94%. Soil enzyme activity was significantly increased（ P<0.05）,and the maximum increase of T4 treatment was 142.41%. The number of fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes and the total amount of microorganisms in soil could be increased by T4 treatment,and the maximum increase was 158.10%,147.32%,117.99% and 145.25%,respectively.【Conclusion】 Adding application of sheep manure and humic acid can improve soil fertility saline alkali land,increase wheat yield,improve soil physical properties,increase soil enzyme activity and microbial total amount,and can be used as an effective means to improve saline-alkali soil in Lincheng County,Hebei Province.

【Objective】Study the dynamic accumulation and distribution differences characteristics of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains,this could provide a reference for the breeding and production of specialized high-quality maize varieties.【Methods】Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 were chosen as the experiment material. The grains within the ear were collected 12 days after pollination,collected grains every 7 days,dry them to constant weight,maize grains protein,fat,and starch content were rapidly detected by near-infrared spectroscopy,to analyse the correlation between the dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch,and to compare the differences in the dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content between spring sowing and summer sowing.【Results】The protein content of maize grains decreased sharply in spring sowing and then stable variation,while it increased again in summer sowing,showed a wave like pattern;the fat content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing first increased and then decreased,the starch content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing increased gradually with grain development,the total protein and fat content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains gradually decreased overall. The accumulation rate dynamic of protein,fat,and starch in spring sowing and summer sowing grains showed a zigzag pattern. The distribution of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed an overall pattern of starch>protein>other>fat from 12 to 19 days after pollination of spring sowing,From 26 to 47 days after pollination,it basically showed starch>other>protein>fat.After pollination 12-18 days of summer sowing,the overall appearance showed starch>protein>other>fat,from 19 to 47 days after pollination,the basic appearance was starch>other>protein>fat. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the dynamic accumulation of protein,fat,and starch（ P<0.01）.【Conclusion】The dynamic accumulation and distribution of grains protein,fat,and starch of Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 in spring sowing and summer sowing were greatly affected by the environment. The dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with each other.

Systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides in plants is a crucial process for effective pest and disease control. Understanding the behavior and research methodologies of pesticide translocation within plants is essential for optimizing pesticide application and enhancing control efficacy. This review summarizes the processes of pesticide uptake,translocation,accumulation,and degradation in plants. Factors influencing systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides are discussed from four perspectives：physicochemical properties,molecular structure characteristics,pesticide adjuvants,and application methods. Recent research methodologies for studying pesticide translocation are also reviewed,including residue analysis,bioassay,radioactive isotope tracing,fluorescence tracing,and mass spectrometry imaging. This review aims to provide theoretical references for future research on systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides and the safe and rational application of pesticides.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,also known as yam,is a traditional medicinal and edible crop. Chinese yam polysaccharides are the main active substances in yam,which have effects such as lowering blood sugar,regulating immunity,antioxidation,and anti-tumor. The article summarizes the extraction methods of Chinese yam polysaccharides,discusses the biological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides,and its research was prospected. In order to provide reference for promoting the production and application of Chinese yam polysaccharides.

【Objective】To investigate the physiological responses and differences in cold tolerance among Phalaenopsis under low-temperature stress,and provide support for improving cold-tolerance traits and breeding new cold-tolerant cultivars.【Methods】Three Phalaenopsis cultivars（ P. Big Chili, P. Little Gem Stripes,and P. Wedding Promenade） were used as experimental materials and subjected to low-temperature stress（10,5,0 ℃） and non-stressed（CK,25 ℃） conditions. The activities of peroxidase（POD）,catalase（CAT）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,and the contents of proline（Pro） and malondialdehyde（MDA） in detached leaves under these conditions were measured. The cold tolerance was comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method.【Results】Under low-temperature stress,the physiological responses of the tested Phalaenopsis cultivars differed significantly from those under non-stressed conditions. In the P. Wedding Promenade cultivar,the activities of POD,CAT,SOD,and the contents of Pro and MDA exhibited a gradual decline with decreasing temperature,peaking at 10 ℃ with values of 220.73 U/（g·min）,44.00 U/（g·min）,261.19 U/g,and 289.31 μg/g,44.00 μmol/g,respectively. For the P. Big Chili and P. Little Gem Stripes cultivars,the activities of POD,CAT,SOD,and the contents of Pro and MDA exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease,all peaking at 5 ℃. The comprehensive membership function values for P. Wedding Promenade, P. Big Chili,and P. Little Gem Stripes were 0.540,0.447,and 0.357,respectively.【Conclusion】The three Phalaenopsis cultivars exhibited different levels of tolerance and physiological responses to low-temperature stress,with cold tolerance ranked as P. Wedding Promenade> P. Big Chili> P. Little Gem Stripes,which is consistent with their performance in actual cultivation.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of various anthocyanidin components on tree peony flower hues.【Methods】Six different varieties of tree peony were selected as experimental materials.The color system of tree peonies was classified according to visualization,color chart and colorimeter values.The chlorophyll,carotenoid,cyanidin,anthocyanin,and flavonoid content were determined among the petals,and the cyanidin and anthocyanin components were detected by mass spectrometer.【Results】The six varieties of tree peony could be divided into five major colors：composite color,yellow,green,purplish red,and red. The petals of cyanidin and anthocyanin varied significantly among tree peony varieties. The red system Nihonghuancai exhibited the highest concentration,while the green system Lvmuyinyu showed the lowest. Pelargonidin and paeoniflor were not detected in the composite color system Lanyueliang,nor was peonidin in the green system Lvmuyinyu. Moreovre,the contents of cyanidin,pelargonidin,and peonidin in the red system Nihonghuancai,as well as petunidin,delphinidin,and malvidin in the purplish red system Luoyanghong,were higher than those in other color system. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside content in red system was highest,656.17 times higher than that in yellow system and 102.96 times higher than in purplish red system. The content of paeoniflorin 3-O-glucoside was higher in the red system and purplish red system,which was 59 064.28,34 283.83 ng/g,respectively.【Conclusion】The cyanidin is more important for the coloring of red system and purplish red system than other color systems. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside is an important pigment factor that causes the difference in purple and red peonies,and peonidin 3-O-glucoside is one of the main coloration factors for red system and purplish red system.

Peanut sprouts are crisp in test,possess a unique flavor,and are rich in resveratrol,making them an ideal functional food. This paper reviews the changes in nutritional components,including proteins,amino acids,fats and fatty acids,minerals,carbohydrates,vitamin C,phenolics,and resveratrol,during the germination of peanuts,summarizes the research progress on the functional bioactivities of peanut sprouts and the current status of studies on their processing and utilization both domestically and internationally,and discusses future research directions for peanut sprouts,aiming to provide a valuable reference for promoting the rapid growth of the peanut sprout industry and its further development and utilization in the food industry.

【Objective】To explore a soybean-maize intercropping pattern suitable for the ecological conditions in the cold and arid regions of northeast China.【Methods】 A one-way random block design was used to set up six treatments： 2∶2 pattern （BO-S2∶M2）,4∶4 pattern（BO-S4∶M4）,4∶2 pattern（BO-S4∶M2） and 6∶4 pattern（BO-S6∶M4） of soybean-maize row ratio before optimization,and 6∶2 mode（AO-S2∶M2） and 4∶4 mode（AO-S4∶M4） after optimization,monoculture corn,monoculture soybeanwere used as control. The fertility process of each intercropping pattern land equivalent ratio,net effect,compensating effect,selection effect and economic benefits were analyzed.【Results】 Compare with monocropping soybean under intercropping patterns,the growth period of soybean was delayed by 2-3 days compared with that of monoculture soybean. The land equivalent ratio of each intercropping mode was greater than 1,and the crop yield increased by 13%-36% compared with monoculture. The net effect of AO-S2∶M2 pattern was 317.04 kg/hm ²,which was significantly higher than that of other patterns（ P<0.05）. Among the intercropping patterns,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the largest compensating effect,which was significantly higher than that of the BO-S2∶M2 pattern（ P<0.05）. Compared with the pre-optimization period,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern selection effect increased by 46.90%. Compared with monoculture maize,AO-S2∶M2 and AO-S4∶M4 increased by 38.16 and 9.33 yuan/hm ²,respectively. Compared with monoculture soybean,all intercropping patterns showed an increase of 53.39-379.74 yuan/hm ². Principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the highest comprehensive score of 2.11,followed by the AO-S4∶M4 pattern（0.62）.【Conclusion】 The advantages of 2∶2 and 4∶4 intercropping patterns of soybean-maize after optimization of planting technology are prominent,and the intercropping mode of soybean-maize after optimization has the greatest advantage over the 2∶2 intercropping mode,which has more promotion value in cold and arid region of northeast China.

【Objective】To isolate and screen plant growth-promoting strains from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi.【Methods】To collect root and rhizosphere soil samples of Artemisia argyi from Ordos and Tongliao in Inner Mongolia,isolate and purify symbiotic fungi-dark septate endophytes（DSE） and functional bacteria,identify them using molecular biology techniques,screen DSE strains and functional bacteria with significant growth promoting effects,construct artificial microbial communities,and set up non inoculated bacteria（A）,single inoculated DSE（B）,single inoculated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（C）,single inoculated nitrogen-fixing bacteria（D）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（E）,DSE+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（F）,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（G）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（H） eight treatments were used to conduct a rewinding experiment on Artemisia argyi plants to screen for the best bacterial strain.【Results】The colonization rate of DSE fungi in the roots of Artemisia argyi was the highest,and the symbiotic structure was mainly chain,strip,brain and scattered. Four strains of DSE were successfully isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi,among which Paraphoma chrysanthemicola was the dominant strain in both test sites. A total of 36 functional bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi,including 26 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 10 nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were mainly Bacillus,accounting for 30.50% of the total number of isolates,of which Bacillus pumilus accounted for 27.20%. Rhizobium was the main nitrogen-fixing bacteria,accounting for 16.67% of the total number of isolates,of which Rhizobium cellulosilyticum accounted for 33.30%.The growth indexes of Artemisia argyi in B-H treatments were better than those in A treatment. Among them,H treatment had the best growth-promoting effect,and its stem diameter,leaf number,aboveground biomass and underground biomass increased by 24.93%,80.00%,279.17% and 251.69%,respectively.【Conclusion】The compound inoculation of Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Bacillus pumilus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum had the best growth-promoting effect,and DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria treatment was the best growth-promoting microbial combination.

Potentilla anserina,a plant with both medicinal and edible properties,possesses significant economic and pharmaceutical value. This paper reviews the research progress on the nutritional components of Potentilla anserina,including proteins,fats,dietary fiber,starch,vitamins,and minerals,and its bioactive components,such as JMS,polysaccharides,polyphenols,and flavonoids,and summarizes the health benefits and development and application of Potentilla anserina,aiming to provide a reference for exploring its comprehensive value and promoting the development of the Potentilla anserina industry.

Phytoplasma is a kind of single-celled prokaryotes parceled by biofilm,without cell wall and similar to plant pathogenic bacteria. Its host include plants and insects. Phytoplasma has highly transmission and has a widely action range,which can cause systemic diseases in various plants and leading to abnormal growth and development,and even death. The article provides an overview of the characteristics,transmission pathway,distribution,and disease symptoms of phytoplasma,summarizes the prevention and control methods of phytoplasma,and looks forward to its future research focus,aiming to provide reference for ensuring the healthy development of agriculture.

【Objective】To investigate the distribution of five rice blast resistance genes（ Pi2, Pib, Pita, Pigm, Pi9） in 86 indica rice accessions and evaluate the resistance effects of different genotypic combinations,providing a theoretical basis for breeding rice blast-resistant varieties and effective pyramiding of resistance genes.【Methods】Using five pairs of functional markers with clear amplification bands,blast resistance genes in 86 indica rice accessions from the Huang-Huai rice region were detected,and combined with artificial inoculation assays,the distribution of five resistance genes and the genotypic combinations conferring moderate to high resistance in this region were identified.【Results】The distribution frequencies of the five resistance genes Pi2, Pib, Pita, Pigm and Pi9 in the 86 indica rice accessions were 98.80%,46.50%,55.80%,48.80%,and 1.20%,respectively. Ten genotypic combinations were identified among the 86 tested materials,no resistance genes, Pi2, Pi2 +Pita, Pi2 +Pib, Pi2 +Pigm, Pi2 +Pib+Pita, Pi2 +Pi9 +Pigm, Pi2 +Pib+Pigm, Pi2 +Pita+Pigm and Pi2 +Pib+Pita+Pigm,respectively. Inoculation assays showed that 33 accessions exhibited moderate or higher resistance,accounting for 38.37%;among the materials with three genotypic combinations Pi2 +Pib+Pita, Pi2 +Pita+Pigm and Pi2 +Pib+Pita+Pigm,the proportions of accessions with moderate or higher resistance were 50%,80% and 100%,respectively.【Conclusion】The Pi2 gene exhibits the highest distribution frequency（98.80%） among the 86 indica rice accessions;the three genotypic combinations conferring superior resistance are Pi2 +Pib+Pita, Pi2 +Pita+Pigm and Pi2 +Pib+Pita+Pigm.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw on the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soil.【Methods】Taking pepper straw as test materials,a field experiment was performed on the four treatments：non-straw returning（CK）,in-situ straw returning（C1）,in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent（C2）,and in-situ straw returning+lime-nitrogen（C3）. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to conduct 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing of soil bacteria and fungi.【Results】All the three in-situ straw returning methods significantly reduced the soil available phosphorus content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased the soil pH value（ P<0.05）. C1 and C2 treatments significantly reduced soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. C1 treatment significantly increased soil total phosphorus,and available potassium content（ P<0.05）. C2 treatment significantly reduced soil available potassium content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased soil organic matter content（ P<0.05）. C3 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium, organic matter content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. The dominant bacterial genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Sphingomonas,S0134_terrestrial_group, Longimicrobiaceae,and C3 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Longimicrobiaceae（ P<0.05）. The dominant fungal genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Mortierella, Conocybe, Chaetomium, Myriococcum, Clitopilus, Panaeolus and Humicola. C1 treatment increased the relative abundance of Chaetomium, Myriococcum and Clitopilus,and decreased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Conocybe and Humicola. C2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Chaetomium and Panaeolus,and reduced the relative abundance of Conocybe, Myriococcum and Humicola. C3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Conocybe, Chaetomium and reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella, Myriococcum and Humicola.【Conclusion】Different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw affected soil microbial community structure and physicochemical properties to varying degrees. The effects of in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent and in-situ straw returning +lime-nitrogen treatment were better than that of direct in-situ straw returning treatment.

【Objective】To explore the effects of tillage methods optimization on the physical properties and foxtail millet yield of brown soil in the western Liaohe Plain,Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using the traditional shallow tillage of 30 cm（CK） as a control,setting deep tiller tillage 50 cm（SF）,deep loosening machine loosening tillage 50 cm（SS）,deep loosening machine loosening tillage 50 cm and rotary tiller rotary tillage 30 cm（SSX）,and deep tiller tillage 50 cm and rotary tiller rotary tillage 30 cm（SFX） four treatments,on soil hardness,soil bulk density,soil moisture content,and foxtail millet yield of 0-100 brown soils were compared and analyzed in different treatments and different growth stages.【Results】The soil structure was improved by different tillage methods,and the soil bulk density of SS,SSX,SFX,and SF treatments significantly decreased by 0.16%-2.26%,4.63%-6.24%,3.81%-5.88%,and 1.08%-3.95% compared with CK in 0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-80 cm soil layers,respectively（ P<0.05）;the soil moisture content of 20-40 cm soil layer was the highest in the 0-100 cm soil layer,and the soil moisture content of each treatment was SSX>SFX>SF>SS>CK at different growth stages,and the soil moisture content of SSX treatment increased by 4.81%-9.90% compared with CK.In terms of agronomic traits and yield of foxtail millet,the ear thickness,ear length,ear weight and 1 000-grain weight of SSX and SFX treatments were significantly increased by 11.67%,9.28%,8.25%,10.98% and 9.63%,7.70%,6.04%,8.63%,respectively（ P<0.05）,and the yield of foxtail millet after SSX treatment increased most significantly compared with CK,was 7.65%（ P<0.05）;the water consumption of foxtail millet in all growth stages was CK>SS>SF>SFX>SSX,and the water consumption of foxtail millet under SSX treatment was 893.60 mm,and the water use efficiency of foxtail millet was improved under four treatments,and the effect of SSX treatment was best,which was improved 8.14% than CK.【Conclusion】The tillage methods optimization can significantly improve soil structure,increase soil moisture in tillage layer,and increase foxtail millet yield,the treatment of deep loosening machine loosening tillage 50 cm and rotary tiller rotary tillage 30 cm has the best effect,which is the optimal mode to alleviate the soil barrier of brown soil in the western Liaohe Plain,Inner Mongolia,and ensure stable and increased yield of foxtail millet.

【Objective】To study the resistance performance of maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust,and provide resistant materials for the breeding of maize varieties resistant to southern corn rust.【Methods】The resistance of 64 maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust was identified by means of natural infection in spring sowing and artificial inoculation in summer sowing.【Results】There were significant differences in the resistance of different maize inbred lines to southern corn rust,among 64 materials artificially inoculated,the control inbred lines Qi 319 and Qi 318 were identified as high resistance to southern corn rust,while Chang 7-2 and Zheng 58 were identified as high susceptible to southern corn rust. The inbred lines H025B and K4321 were identified as highly resistant to southern corn rust,while H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 were identified as resistant to southern corn rust. Among all the identified germplasms,the percentages of highly resistant and resistant materials were 6.25% and 9.38%,respectively,while high susceptible and susceptible materials were 42.19% and 23.44%,respectively. 【Conclusion】Among the 64 maize inbred lines germplasm resources,inbred lines H025B,K4321,H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 showed high resistance and resistance to southern corn rust;the germplasm resources of maize inbred lines are susceptible to southern corn rust,which is more severe and common in maize,and there is a lack of antigens. However,there were high resistance resources to southern corn rust in existing inbred line germplasm resources,which can provide important antigens for breeding disease resistant varieties.

【Objective】To screen for high-yield and high-quality new peanut varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】With 19 newly introduced Huayu series of peanut varieties as the test materials,major agronomic trait were investigated,and yield traits,quality traits were determined. Variability,correlation,gray correlation degree and cluster analysis were performed for all tested varieties.【Results】The main stem height,lateral branch length,number of pod branch,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield of the tested varieties（ P<0.05）,the correlation coefficients were 0.518,0.509,0.508,0.646 and 0.649,respectively. The top 5 rank of grey correlation degree were main stem height>lateral branch length>100-pod weight>number of pod branch>100-kernel weight. In the cluster analysis,the overall traits of the class I were better,the main stem height,lateral branch length,total number of branch,number of pod branch,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight,single plant productivity and yield were higher than those of the other three classes.【Conclusion】The main stem height,lateral branch length,100-pod weight,number of pod branch,100-kernel weight have a great influence on peanut yield,and can be used as reference indicators for peanut introduction screening and high-yield breeding.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different mixed sowing proportions of hairy vetch and oat on crop yield,soil enzyme activity and microbial communities in the agricultural dry-crop areas at the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using hairy vetch and oat as experimental objects,six treatments were set up,namely,single sowing of hairy vetch（DB1）,single sowing of oat（DB2）,80% hairy vetch+ 20% oat（HB1）,60% hairy vetch+40% oat（HB2）,40% hairy vetch+60% oat（HB3）,and 20% hairy vetch+80% oat（HB3）. Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in the early,middle,and late stages of growth,respectively. The effects on crop yield,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content were analyzed,and changes in soil microbial community diversity and structure were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology.【Results】HB1,HB2,HB3 treatments were 1%-11% higher than DB1 treatment for the relative grain yield of hairy vetch,and 3%-25% higher than DB2 treatment for the relative grain yield of oat. During the mid growth stage in the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared with DB1 and DB2 treatments,HB2 treatment soil catalase activity significantly increased by 9.65% and 11.55% （ P<0.05）,respectively,and sucrase activity significantly increased by 11.47% and 15.44%（ P<0.05）,HB1 treatment increased urease activity by 8.07% and 19.41%（ P<0.05）,respectively;HB2 treatment had the highest microbial biomass carbon content,while HB1 treatment had the highest microbial biomass nitrogen content,at 95.79 and 21.02 mg/kg,respectively. Compared with the DB2 treatment,the HB2 treatment soil bacterial OTU index was significantly increased by 15.79%（ P<0.05）,the Shannon index increased by 5.41%;Compared with DB1 treatment,HB2 treatment increased fungal OTU index by 33.58%（ P<0.05）,Shannon index increased by 36.50%,and Chao1 index increased by 6.56%. At the phylum level,HB2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Mortierellomycota,while decreasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota,Acidobacteriota,Ascomycota,and Basidiomycota.【Conclusion】The mixed sowing treatment of 60% hairy vetch +40% oat is a suitable proportion for agricultural dry-crop areas in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains,Inner Mongolia. Under this treatment,crop grain yield is the highest,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content are higher,and soil bacterial and fungal diversity,richness,and relative abundance of beneficial bacterial phyla are all increased.

【Objective】To verify the accuracy and stability of the established wheat,maize,and sorghum models of the FOSS-Infratec ^TM Nova near-infrared grain quality analyzer.【Methods】To compare the moisture,protein,and starch content detection results of wheat,maize,and sorghum between the two detection units （bulk density module TWM detection unit and STM sample transfer unit） in the FOSS-Infratec ^TM Nova near-infrared grain quality analyzer,and the moisture,protein,and starch content under different optical paths and chemical method detection values in the STM detection unit.【Results】There was no significant difference（ P>0.05） between the moisture,protein,and starch content detection values of wheat samples at an STM unit of 18 mm optical path and maize samples at an STM unit of 29 mm optical path and the detection values of TWM and chemical methods,The moisture,protein,and starch content detection values of sorghum samples at different STM optical paths were not well fitted and correlated with the detection values of chemical methods.【Conclusion】The established models for wheat and maize have stable performance and reliable results in analysis;The detection performance of the sorghum model is poor,and further calibration or reconstruction of the model is needed.

【Objective】By analyzing the total amount of carbon emissions from agriculture in Gansu Province during 2000 to 2020 and its development and evolution characteristics,and the decoupling effect as a reference for the development of green and low-carbon agriculture in Gansu Province.【Methods】The agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province between 2000 to 2020 were measured based on the IPCC carbon emission coefficient method using agricultural inputs as the carbon source,and using the grey prediction model GM（1,1）,the agricultural carbon emissions of different years were selected as samples to predict the agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province from 2025 to 2030,and the prediction results were compared and analyzed. The Tapio decoupling model was used to study and analyse the relationship between agricultural carbon emissions and economic development.【Results】Agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province from 2000 to 2020 show a trend of increasing and then decreasing.The source of carbon emissions were mainly chemical fertilizers and agricultural films,chemical fertilizer carbon emissions accounted for 31.27% to 43.22% of agricultural carbon emissions,always at the highest level during the 20-year period;agricultural carbon emissions reached a maximum of 2.825 138 million tons in 2015. After 2015,it began to decline gradually,and the agricultural carbon emissions in 2020 were 2.288 601 million tons. The decoupling relationship of agricultural carbon emissions from 2000 to 2020 mostly showed strong decoupling or weak decoupling. Using the data of the last 10 years and the data of the last 5 years as the samples to predict the agricultural carbon emissions as a whole all showed a clear downward trend.The model′s prediction accuracy was the highest when using the data of the last 5 years as the sample for prediction. The agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province have reached the peak before 2025,agricultural carbon emissions projected for a sample of the last 5 years of data will be 17.08% lower in 2025 compared to 2020,the rate of reduction will reach 30.36% in 2030,and the average annual reduction rate will be 0.139 million tons.【Conclusion】Gansu Province′s agricultural carbon emissions continue to decline,the agricultural economy shows stable growth,and agricultural carbon emissions will peak before 2025,indicating that Gansu Province has made some progress in green low-carbon agriculture in recent years. Measures should be taken according to the actual local situation in order to achieve the goal of continuously promoting the development of green agriculture,reducing high-carbon emission activities,increasing agricultural carbon sinks,and realizing agricultural carbon emission reduction in Gansu Province.

【Objective】To clarify potato blackleg disease source of infection in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,and provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures for potato blackleg disease.【Methods】The pathogen isolation,pathogenicity identification,molecular identification and soil survival tests of potato blackleg disease were carried out. Through pot experiment and field experiment,seven treatments were set up to investigate the occurrence of potato blackleg disease in the soil of continuous cropping land,seed potatoes of diseased land and diseased residues,and analyze and verify the differences in incidence rate of different treatments.【Results】The incidence rate of potato blackleg harvested in diseased areas and planted as seed potato over winter was 40.00%. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was isolated from the disease residue buried in soil after overwintering,and the incidence rate was 43.33% in the experiment of planting disease-free potato after the disease residue was planted in the disease-free soil. The incidence rate of disease-free potato was 6.67% in the previous diseased plots. The amount of pathogenic bacteria in unsterilized soil gradually decreased with the extension of time,and no longer survived after two months at normal temperature,and no longer survived after four months at -20 ℃. The results indicated that P. atrosepticum could survive the winter in the disease residual and become the primary infection source in the second year. The pathogenic bacteria in diseased soil were related to the occurrence of disease,but the bacteria free in cultivated soil could only survive for two months at natural temperature.【Conclusion】 The primary infection source of potato blackleg disease in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia is the infected seed potato and the disease residual after winter,and the amount of bacteria carried by the seed potato is an important factor affecting the occurrence of the disease.

【Objective】To improve the softwood cutting technology system for Carya illinoensis（Wangench.） K. Koch,and identify the endogenous substances affecting cutting root development.【Methods】Three Carya illinoensis（Wangench.） K. Koch varieties,Caddo,Jinhua and Mahan,were used as experimental materials to study the rooting rate and root effect index of cuttings under different hormone types,shading rates,humidity levels,and container conditions through four-factor four-level orthogonal test. The changes in soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,IAA content,ABA content,IAA/ABA,POD activity,and SOD activity with the root effect index were analyzed.【Results】The order of influence of various factors on the cuttings′ rooting rate of Carya illinoensis（Wangench.） K. Koch were humidity level=shading rate>types of hormone>container conditions. Cuttings under IBA treatment,0 or 60% shading rate and 60%<humidity levels≤90% could get the optimal cutting rooting rate. While cuttings under IBA treatment,60% shading rate and 60%<humidity levels of≤80% could get the optimal cuttings′ root development effect,which was within the optimal range for rooting rate screening. As the root effect index increasing,the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in stem cuttings decreased,the IAA content and IAA/ABA increased,the ABA content decreased,SOD activity and POD activity increased. The difference in soluble protein content and POD activity between adjacent root effect index cuttings in the range of ≤0.5 were significant（ P<0.05）. The difference in IAA content between adjacent root effect index cuttings reached significant levels within the range of ≥0.3（ P<0.05）,and the increase in IAA/ABA continued to increase.【Conclusion】 Carya illinoensis（Wangench.） K. Koch cuttings can achieve good rooting effect at IBA hormone treatment,60% shading rate and 60%<humidity level≤80%. Soluble protein,IAA content,IAA/ABA,POD activity are closely related to the root development of cuttings.

【Objective】To explore the effect and regularity of meteorological factors on the growth and yield of sorghum.【Methods】Taking meteorological factors from different years in the planting area of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia as the main factor,experiments were conducted for three consecutive years using sorghum varieties Liaonian No. 3 and Liaoza 37 as materials. The effects of meteorological factors on plant height,LAI,dry matteraccumulation,grain weight per panicle,1 000-grain weight,yield of sorghum in each growing stages were studied by correlation analysis and grey relation analysis,and the key meteorological factors were revealed.【Results】The growth period of seedling-emerging stage has a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature（ P<0.05） and an extremely significant negative correlation with average sunshine hours（ P<0.01）,the growth period of emerging-flowering stage has a significantly negative correlation with average sunshine hours（ P<0.01）,and the whole growth period had a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature（ P<0.05）. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between the growth rate of LAI and rainfall from 10 d to 60 d after emergence（ P<0.01）,There was a significant positive correlation between the growth rate of plant height from 10 d to 70 d after emergence and accumulated temperature（ P<0.01）,There was a significant positive correlation between accumulation rate of dry matter accumulation and sunshine hours at seedling-jointing stage（ P<0.05）,at jointing-flowering stage it was significantly positive correlated with accumulated temperature（ P<0.05）,at 40 days after flowering it was significantly positively correlated with accumulated temperature and sunshine hours（ P<0.05）. The results of grey correlation degree analysis showed that the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on grain weight per panicle were the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period,the daily average temperature before flowering,and the effective accumulated temperature before flowering;and the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on the 1 000-grain weight were the daily average temperature before flowering,the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period and the effective accumulated temperature before flowering;The three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on yield were the effective accumulated temperature after flowering,the daily average temperature during growth period and the daily average temperature after flowering.【Conclusion】The key meteorological factors affecting the growth period,plant height,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight per panicle,1 000-grain weight and yield of each growing stage,of sorghum were different. The key meteorological factors affecting each index could be fully utilized in production,such as adjusting the sowing date or other measures to change the growth expectation of sorghum.

【Objective】To explore the effects of cotton and peanut intercropping on crop growth and development and yield in Shihezi,Xinjiang.【Methods】Three planting patterns were set up namely cotton monoculture,peanut monoculture and cotton and peanut intercropping. Sampling and measuring plant height,chlorophyll content（SPAD value） and root density（RLD） value in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers from June 11 to August 9,2023,measuring the yield in early september,and analyzing the effects of different planting patterns on crop growth and land equivalent ratio（LER）.【Results】From June 11 to August 9,intercropping cotton plant height increased by 7.61% to 15.90% compared with monoculture cotton,intercropping peanut plant height increased by 4.32% to 41.86% compared with monoculture peanut;the SPAD value of intercropping cotton on June 30 and July 9 were significantly increased by 23.06% and 8.90% compared with monoculture cotton（ P<0.05）,and the SPAD value of monoculture peanut on June 30,July 9 and July 20 were significantly increased by 13.88%,8.13% and 15.64% compared with intercropping peanut（ P<0.05）,respectively. In 0-20 cm soil layer,the RLD value of intercropping cotton was significantly increased by 34.82% on June 30 compared with monoculture cotton（ P<0.05）,and the RLD value of intercropping peanut on June 30,July 9 and July 20 were significantly increased by 29.21%,42.97% and 30.76% compared with monoculture peanut（ P<0.05）;in 20-40 cm soil layer,the RLD value of intercropping cotton on June 30 and July 20 were significantly increased by 37.58% and 57.43% compared with monoculture cotton,respectively（ P<0.05）,the RLD value of monoculture peanut on June 11,June 30,July 9 and August 9 were significantly increased by 47.25%,45.18%,22.22% and 30.95% compared with intercropping peanut,respectively（ P<0.05）. Due to the competition between the two crops for light and the limitation of resources and planting environment,the yield of monoculture cotton was 24.36% higher than that of intercropping cotton,the yield of monoculture peanut was 13.64% higher than intercropping peanut;the LER of intercropping cotton and peanut was 1.62.【Conclusion】Intercropping increased the plant height of cotton and peanut,and promoted the SPAD value of cotton in the early intercropping stage in Shihezi,Xinjiang.Although the yield of intercropping cotton and peanut was lower than monoculture,it still had the advantage of intercropping.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） priming treatments on the seeds germination and seedling growth of sugar beet,aiming to provide reference for the screening of sugar beet seed initiators.【Methods】Using the domestically bred sugar beet variety NT39106 as the experimental material,GA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L）,MT（50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L） and SA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L） priming treatments were applied for 8 h,with untreated seeds as the control（CK）. Seeds germination and seedling growth parameters of sugar beet were analyzed for each treatment.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sugar beet seeds under different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） treatments were significantly higher than those of the CK（ P<0.05）. With the increase of the concentration of the three initiators,the promoting effects on sugar beet seed germination exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Among them,the treatment with 100 mg/L GA demonstrated the best results,and the germination potential and germination rate were up to 91.00% and 93.67%,respectively,followed by the SA treatment,both surpassing the MT treatment. Compared with CK,different concentrations of GA,MT（except for the 300 μmol/L treatment） and SA treatments markedly increased the average bud length and fresh weight of sugar beet seedlings,particularly with the 100 mg/L GA treatment,which resulted in average bud length and fresh weight of 5.43 cm and 0.37 g/10 plants,respectively.【Conclusion】Priming sugar beet seeds with 100 mg/L gibberellin（GA）resulted in better germination performance and remarkably promoted seedling growth.

【Objective】To explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer combined application on the chemical properties,nutrient content,and sunflower yield of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,and provide reference for soil improvement and utilization in the region.【Methods】The experiment was conducted from June to October,2022 at the Hetao College Experimental Base in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Five treatments were set up,including no fertilization and biochar（CK）,conventional chemical fertilizer application by farmers（CF）,conventional chemical fertilizer application combined with biochar（CFC）,30% organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer with biochar（MFC） and 50% organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer with biochar（OFC）. The effects of each treatment on the pH value,EC,CEC,ESP,soluble salt ion content,nutrient content,and sunflower yield of saline-alkali soil were analyzed.【Results】Compared with CK,no significant differences in soil pH values（ P>0.05）. Soil EC was significantly reduced by 83%,78%,73% in the CFC,MFC,OFC treatments（ P<0.05）,respectively.Soil CEC was significantly increased by 38%,57%,53%（ P<0.05）. Soil ESP was significantly reduced by 40%,36% in the MFC,OFC treatments（ P<0.05）. MFC and OFC treatments soil K ⁺ content was significantly increased by 100% and 138%（ P<0.05）,Ca ²⁺ content was significantly increased by 61% and 66%（ P<0.05）,Mg ²⁺ content was significantly increased by 71% and 238%（ P<0.05）,SO ₄ ^2- content was significantly increased by 11% and 12%（ P<0.05）,Na ⁺ content was significantly decreased by 6% and 3%（ P<0.05）. CFC,MFC,and OFC treatments soil nutrient content was significantly improved（ P<0.05）. The MFC treatment had the highest soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,rapidly available potassium content,at 1.13,69.33,11.74,156.46 mg/kg,respectively. The OFC treatment had the highest soil total phosphorus and organic matter content,at 0.49 and 13.44 g/kg,respectively. Single panicle grain weight of sunflower was significantly increased by 30%（ P<0.05） and hundred-grain weight by 22%（ P<0.05） in the MFC treatment,leading to a highest yield,at 3 362.26 kg/hm ².【Conclusion】30% organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer with biochar could significantly increase the CEC,K ⁺,Ca ²⁺,Mg ²⁺ content and nutrient content,and significantly reduce the soil EC,ESP and SO ₄ ^2-、Na ⁺ content,the sunflower yield isignificantly increase. It is suitable for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To screen out safe and efficient soil-applied herbicides suitable for chickpea field.【Methods】To select 12 commonly-used herbicides in production for field soil experiments,use absolute value survey method to evaluate the weeding effect of each herbicide,and analyze the safety of each herbicide on chickpea under experimental doses.【Results】Every treatment had good soil sealing effect on broadleaf weeds in chickpea field,with the plant control efficacy ranging from 93.85% to 100% and the fresh weight control efficacy ranging from 87.80% to 100% at 45 days after application. However,there were some differences of control effect on gramineous weeds among these different treatments. 330 g/L pendimethalin EC,50% acetochlor EC,50% napropamide WDG,960 g/L S-metolachlor EC and 40% pyroxasulfone SC were safe to chickpea and could effectively control the gramineous weeds in chickpea fields,with the plant control efficacy ranging from 95.19% to 100% and the fresh weight control efficacy ranging from 99.13% to 100% after 45 days,42% fluridone SC,65% prodiamine WDG,480 g/L trifluralin EC,240 g/L oxyfluorfen EC and 250 g/L oxadiazon EC also had good control effect on gramineous weeds,with the plant control efficacy ranging from 96.58% to 100%. The fresh weight control efficacy of these five herbicides except 240 g/L oxyfluorfen EC was ranged from 88.24% to 100% after 45 days. However,these five kinds of herbicides exhibited different degree of phytotoxicity to chickpea,which could gradually ease with the growth of chickpea. 50% prometryn WP and 51% flumioxazin WDG could seal gramineous weeds to a certain extent,but the persistence was relatively short and 50% prometryn WP had obvious phytotoxicity.【Conclusion】Based on comprehensive consideration of control effect and crop safety,330 g/L pendimethalin EC,50% acetochlor EC,50% napropamide WDG,960 g/L S-metolachlor EC and 40% pyroxasulfone SC were suitable for soil-applied herbicide chickpea field.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilization operation on maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under drip irrigation in Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia,and explore the feasibility of using the nitrogen nutrient index as monitoring index to diagnose the nitrogen nutrient status of maize under drip irrigation with water and fertilization integration in Tumochuan plain.【Methods】The nitrogen nutrient content of mazie under 3 nitrogen fertilization rates（0,270,360 kg/hm ²）and 3 and 5 nitrogen fertilization rates during the whole growth period were tested in Tumed Right Banner of Baotou City and Tumed Left Banner of Hohhot City in Inner Mongolia from 2022 to 2023. The yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize were studied by using variance analysis and statistical modeling. The changes of canopy nitrogen concentration and aboveground biomass were analyzed and construct a critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model.【Results】Increasing the rate and times of nitrogen application could significantly increase ear number,grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight of maize,thus increasing yield. In addition,increasing nitrogen application times could significantly improve nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize（ P<0.05）. Nitrogen application rate increased from 270 kg/hm ² to 360 kg/hm ²,and the average annual yield increased by 5.79%. Nitrogen application times increased from 3 times to 5 times,and the average annual yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 3.15% and 22.25%,respectively. The critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve of maize for drip irrigation in Tumochuan plain is N_c=3.36 W ^-0.22, R ²=0.94, P<0.05,and the validation accuracy RMSE,NRMSE and MAE were 0.40%,11.50% and 0.20%,respectively. The stability of the model was good.According to the model calculation,when the nitrogen application rate was 270 kg/hm ²,the corresponding suitable nitrogen application times were 5 times,and the ratio of 15∶25∶35∶15∶10 was applied at 4 leaf extension stage,8 leaf extension stage,12 leaf extension stage,silking stage and milking stage,respectively,the mazie yield was the best,was 14.09 t/hm ². In this area,the nitrogen fertilization requirements at jointing stage,9 leaf extension stage,12 leaf extension stage,silking stage and milking stage were -3.42 to 15.29,-16.80 to 22.90,-26.86 to 62.32 and -54.65 to 85.14 and -48.18 to 111.80 kg/hm ².【Conclusion】Appropriate increase of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application times can significantly improve maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia. The critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model of maize under drip irrigation in Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia can effectively identify the nitrogen nutrient status of maize plants from the jointing stage to the milking stage and calculate and recommend the appropriate fertilization application rate,so as to realize the on-demand operation of maize growth.

【Objective】To establish an efficient extraction method for solanine from potato peel,explore the application value and prospect of potato peel in plant-derived pesticides,and provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive utilization of solanine as a plant-derived pesticide.【Methods】Potato peel was used as the experimental material. Ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method,acid enzyme solution extraction method,ultrasound-assisted extraction method,and acid water extraction method,four extraction methods for main component of solanine were compared and optimized. Single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken experimental design from response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction methods. The ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was optimized for solanine extraction.【Results】 Among the four extraction methods,the extraction efficiency from high to low was ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method > acid enzyme solution extraction method > ultrasound-assisted extraction method > acid water extraction method. Among them,the content of solanine extract by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was the highest,with α-chaconine at 8.949 mg/g DW and α-solanine at 8.058 mg/g DW,the extraction rate reached 0.850%. Based on the response surface analysis,the optimized regression equation model was established（ Y _{Total content}=2.64-0.56× A-0.31× B+0.20× C+0.19× AB-0.11× AC+0.53× BC-0.74× A ²-0.59× B ²-0.50× C ²）. With the maximum total content as the optimization objective,the optimal conditions were predicted to be enzyme amount at 1.30%,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1.35 h,and ethanol volume fraction of 70.40%. Under these conditions,the actual total content of solanine extract was 3.149 mg/g DW,the difference with the predicted total content of 2.814 mg/g DW was within 5%,confirming a good correlation between the predicted value and experimental values.【Conclusion】The method of extracting solanine from potato peel by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was established for the first time.The optimal extraction method obtained by response surface analysis optimization is reasonable,and the extraction efficiency of this method is higher,which can be used for industrial extraction of solanine.

【Objective】To explore the plant flora and community diversity of Canglong Island National Wetland Park,and provide background data for park construction and maintenance.【Methods】The plant resources in the Canglong Island National Wetland Park were investigated using line survey and ecological sample methods. The plant flora types were classified according to the distribution types of plant families,genera,and species. The Patrick richness index,Simpson diversity index,Shannon-Weiner diversity index,and Pielou evenness index were used to analyze the species diversity of typical plant communities.【Results】There were a total of 190 species belonging to 162 genera and 78 families of plants in the park. Among them,78 families could be divided into 10 distribution types and 2 distribution variants,162 genera could be divided into 14 distribution types and 5 distribution variants,and 190 species could be divided into 5 distribution types. The proportion of tropical distribution types was slightly higher than that of temperate distribution types. There were 26 typical plant communities in the park,with Patrick richness index ranging from 4 to 26,Simpson diversity index ranging from 0.431 4 to 0.925 8,Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranging from 0.961 1 to 2.916 8,and Pielou evenness index ranging from 0.461 5 to 0.938 0.【Conclusion】The plant species composition in the Canglong Island National Wetland Park is relatively rich,and the vegetation community types are diverse. The tropical attributes of the plant flora are slightly higher than the temperate attributes,which is in line with the characteristics of the subtropical climate zone where the park is located.

【Objectives】To clarify the predatory function of Neoseiulus barkeri lambda-cyhalothrin resistant and susceptible strains on Tetranychus urticae and explore its potential for prevention and control.【Methods】The predatory function and searching efficiency of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and sensitive strains of Neoseiulus barkeri female adult mite against Tetranychus urticae eggs,nymphs and adult mites were determined by observation units methods under laboratory conditions.【Results】The predatory function types of the lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and sensitive strains of Neoseiulus barkeri against Tetranychus urticae were all Holling-II,and the predation amount of eggs,nymphs and adult mites of Tetranychus urticae had the same change trend,which increased with the increase of prey density,and the predation amount reached the maximum and then tended to be balanced. The handling time of the resistant strain to Tetranychus urticae eggs and adult mites was 0.017 7 d and 0.026 9 d respectively,which were shorter than the sensitive strain（0.018 8 d and 0.029 5 d）;and the attack rates were 2.253 6 and 1.158 6,respectively,which were faster than the sensitive strain（2.302 9 and 1.629 2）. The predation ability（ a/T_h） and searching efficiency of the resistance strain to Tetranychus urticae eggs and adult mites were better than the sensitive strain.【Conclusion】The lambda-cyhalothrin resistant strain of Neoseiulus barkeri has very good predation ability to Tetranychus urticae eggs and adult mites,and can be used together with reducing chemicals to control Tetranychus urticae in the field.

【Objective】 To clarify the cold tolerance of Atractomorpha burri population.【Methods】 The supercooling capacity of each stage of Atractomorpha burri and the survival rate of young and old nymphs at low temperature conditions were determined by using the supercooling point tester in Qujing City,Yunnan Province.【Results】 There were significant differences in the supercooling point and freezing point of different stages of Atractomorpha burri（ P<0.05）. The supercooling point and freezing point of egg stage were the lowest,which were -16.16,-8.13 ℃,respectively. The supercooling point and freezing point of the 3rd instar nymphs were the highest,which were -8.35,-5.20 ℃,respectively. The supercooling point and freezing point of male adults were -10.26,-7.18 ℃,respectively,which were lower than -9.00,-7.00 ℃ of female adults. The variation of supercooling point and freezing point of different individuals in the same stage conformed to normal distribution. Under low temperature conditions,the temperature of more than 50% mortality of the 3rd and 5th instar nymphs was -7.00,-9.00 ℃,respectively.【Conclusion】The cold tolerance of the egg stage of Atractomorpha burri was the strongest,the 5th instar nymphs had stronger low temperature tolerance,and the cold resistance of male adults was stronger than that of female adults.

【Objective】To explore the changes in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and mirobial community under continuous cropping of spinach.【Methods】The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of spinach planted for 1 year （1Y） and continuously planted for 2 years（2Y） were measured,and the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using PacBio full-length diversity sequencing. The changes in bacterial and fungal microbial communities in the 2Y and 1Y soils were compared,and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities was studied using redundancy analysis.【Results】Highly significant changes in soil physicochemical properties after continuous cropping（ P<0.05）,and the pH value and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,organic matter,and microbial biomass carbon were significantly higher in the 2Y soil than in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）,the electrical conductivity and the contents of total potassium,available potassium,and nitrate nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）. The redundancy analysis showed that the total potassium was the main factor influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial communities under spinach continuous cropping. The microbial community of the 2Y soil Chao1 index,Richness index,Shannon index,and ACE index were higher than those of 1Y soil. Among which pathogen related to carbon and nitrogen cycle,cellulose degradation,pesticides and plastic degradation and Fusarium associated pathogen content increased significantly in 2Y soil（ P<0.05）,while the content of Lysobacter biocontrol bacteria with antagonistic activity was significantly decreased（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil of spinach under 2Y continuous planting showed significant changes in physicochemical properties,with an increase of pathogen content and a decrease of biocontrol bacteria content.

【Objective】To clarify the influence of pesticide types and residues on Xinjiang pepper,and explore the types and risk levels of pesticide residues in Xinjiang pepper.【Methods】52 samples from 9 counties（cities） in Xinjiang in 2023 were taken as research objects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect pesticides residues in peppers. Acute and chronic dietary intake risk analysis were conducted to evaluate the level of harm of detected pesticide residues to pepper quality and safety.【Results】A total of 29 kinds of residual pesticides were detected in 52 samples,including 4 kinds of restricted and prohibited pesticides.The chronic dietary intake risk（%ADI） value of all pesticide residues was 0.000 000 01%-0.001 425 60%,and the acute dietary intake risk（%ARfD） value was 0.007 613 333%-19.820 044 440%,which was much lower than 100%. It indicated that the chronic and acute dietary risks of pesticide residues were extremely low and at a safe level. According to the analysis of the pesticide residue risk index,there were no high-risk samples among the 52 samples,only 4 medium risk samples,and the rest of the samples were at low risk level or below.【Conclusion】The overall risk of pesticide residue in Xinjiang pepper is relatively low,and the quality and safety situation is generally good,but it is still necessary to strengthen the standardized use and control of pesticides in the future.

The foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains is an important production base of agricultural and livestock products in China.For a long time,unreasonable tillage methods such as excessive tillage and single tillage have accelerated the degradation of farmland wind erosion,quality decline,and reduced production capacity.Therefore,reducing soil wind erosion,improving farmland fertility and crop yield are urgent issues that need to be addressed for sustainable agricultural development.In this article,the techniques and application effects of traditional tilling,long-term no-tilling and rational rotation in areas of different ecological types were reviewed,and the content of core techniques of wind resistance and erosion reduction for micro ripper covering were discussed,as well as their effects on soil wind erosion,water retention and crop growth and yield. It was clarified that micro ripper covering is a key technology and approach for wind erosion prevention and control in winter and spring in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains,and the application in large areas has been effective,which solves the scientific and technological problems of the gradual degradation of farmland caused by heavy exposed wind erosion and heavy soil and water loss for a long time. It provides significant support for wind erosion prevention and control of plowed farmland along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains and its similar ecological types.

Nanopore sequencing is the third generation sequencing（TGS） technology based on single molecule. It has the characteristics of no amplification,easy to carry,real-time sequencing,ultra long reading length,direct sequencing of RNA,and detection of base modification. In recent years,nanopore sequencing technology has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in molecular plant breeding fields such as plant genome resequencing,whole genome,transcriptomics,organelle genomics,and epigenetic transcriptomics. The article elaborates on the research status and application prospects of nanopore sequencing technology in potato breeding at home and abroad,in order to provide new ideas for the high-quality development of China′s potato industry.

【Objective】To identify and analyze the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase（CRK） gene family members of Gossypium hirsutum,and provide genetic resources and theoretical basis for cotton Verticillium wilt resistance breeding.【Methods】According to the results of whole genome sequencing,the GhCRK gene family in the Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 genome was identified using bioinformatics methodologies,analyses were conducted on protein physicochemical properties,chromosomal localization and genetic evolution. Furthermore,gene expression data were employed to potential Verticillium wilt resistance genes,and the resistance function of candidate gene was assessed through virus induced gene silencing（VIGS） technology.【Results】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Nongdamian 8 harbored a total of fifty GhCRKs,distributed across fourteen chromosomes. These length of the encoded protein was 390 to 1 774 amino acid residues,resulting in diverse molecular weights spanning from 43.15 kDa to 196.66 kDa,the average isoelectric point was observed at 6.94. The majority of GhCRKs were predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Protein domain analysis showed that 90 % of GhCRKs（45） contained two Stress-antifung domains. The promoter regions of GhCRKs encompassed seven cis-acting elements relating to responsiveness to plant hormones,including methyl jasmonate,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,et al. Fourteen GhCRKs exhibited up regulation expression in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. Following the silencing of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33, Gossypium hirsutum exhibited exacerbated symptoms of Verticillium wilt and a significantly higher disease index.【Conclusion】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 contains a substantial number of CRKs,among which 14 hold potential as significant candidate genes for Verticillium wilt resistance. Additionally,the role of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33 in Verticillium wilt resistance has been further elucidated.

【Objective】To study the non-destructive estimation of spring wheat SPAD value by UAV remote sensing technology,and establish a model for spring wheat SPAD value estimation on a small field scale.【Methods】A multispectral UAV was used to acquire spring wheat canopy multispectral data in 2022 in Hetao region of Inner Mongolia,and 5 vegetation indices were extracted. The correlation between vegetation indices and plant SPAD values was analyzed,and support vector regression（SVR）,partial least squares regression（PLSR）,and random forest regression（RFR） were combined to construct SPAD value estimation models for key growth periods of spring wheat. The optimal SPAD value estimation models for each period were selected.【Results】The optimal model was determined by pairing with 5 vegetation indices,and all 15 combination methods were able to estimate SPAD values during the jointing,heading,flowering,and filling stages of spring wheat. Comparing the optimal models of 3 modeling methods,it was found that the NDVI+RFR model had the highest accuracy and good robustness in estimating the SPAD value of spring wheat,with R ²=0.96 and RMSE=0.19.【Conclusion】It is feasible to use UAV to estimate the SPAD value of spring wheat, and the optimal model is the NDVI+RFR model.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on potato yield in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,providing a reference for potato cultivation in this region.【Methods】Five treatments were established,application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer（NPK）,NPK+liquid fertilizer（NPK+LM）,NPK+granular fertilizer（NPK+GM）,NPK+sheep dung fertilizer（NPK+SM）,and NPK+bio-organic fertilizer（NPK+BM）. The impact of these treatments on potato yield and its components,growth indicators,nutrient uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants,soil water use efficiency,and nutrient content in the plow layer soil were analyzed.【Results】The NPK+BM treatment resulted in the highest potato yield,commercial tuber yield,number of commercial tubers,individual tuber weight,and commercial tuber rate,which were 30.83 t/hm ²,20.34 t/hm ²,84 700 tubers/hm ²,162.86 g/tuber,and 65.96%,respectively;during the tuber bulking stage,the plant height and leaf area index of potatoes were the highest,at 82.89 cm and 8.06,respectively,showing significant differences compared to the NPK treatment（ P<0.05）;at harvest stage,the dry matter accumulation in the stems,leaves,and tubers of potatoes were the highest,at 75.51,67.36,and 145.81 g/plant,respectively;at harvest stage,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by plants,at 296.83,36.09,and 285.92 kg/hm ²,respectively. The NPK+LM treatment had the highest water use efficiency,at 128.95 kg/（hm ²·mm）,followed by the NPK+BM treatment,at 113.87 kg/（hm ²·mm）. The NPK+BM treatment had the highest soil fast-acting potassium content of 137.33 mg/kg,and higher soil effective phosphorus,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and organic matter content of 25.53 mg/kg,88.68 mg/kg,and 22.95 g/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The NPK+bio-organic fertilizer treatment can effectively promote the growth and development of potatoes,and enhance nutrient uptake efficiency,increase yield,playing a positive role in maintaining soil health. It can be considered a more suitable combination of organic fertilizers to partially replace chemical fertilizers in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains.