【Objective】Conduct genetic analysis of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems at the molecular level，to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems.【Methods】The study used 381 different types of maize inbred lines as associated populations and planted randomly in the experimental field of the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province in 2016 and 2017. The nutritional quality traits acid washing fiber（ADF），neutral washing fiber（NDF），and digestibility（IVDMD） were investigated during the heading，filling，and maturity stages. Using the Maize SNP50 gene chip，461 053 high-quality SNPs were obtained for genome-wide association analysis.【Results】Using the generalized linear model（GLM） analysis，a total of 392 significantly correlated stem nutritional quality traits SNPs（P<1.08×10^-7） were detected on 10 chromosomes of maize during different growth stages of the two years，with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.69% -17.34%. 97 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 77 candidate genes associated with stem nutritional quality traits. Using the mixed linear model（MLM）analysis，a total of 257 significantly correlated SNPs were detected over the two years（P<2.17×10^-6），with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.82% -20.20%. 17 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 82 candidate genes. Among them，10 overlap with GLM model candidate genes. A total of 159 candidate association genes were identified by GLM and MLM，among which 43 candidate genes were detected twice or more. Zm00001d021261 was found to be associated with ADF，NDF，and IVDMD in different years 31 times at multiple loci. This gene encoded ATP binding protein and chloroplast sensor kinase，had the highest expression in leaves at maturity stage. Zm00001d021255 was found to be associated with stem nutritional quality traits 10 times at two loci. This gene encoded cysteine rich receptor like protein kinase 25，which was only expressed in developmental internodes and female panicles，can be further studied and validated.【Conclusion】Using GLM and MLM models could quickly and effectively associate significant loci related to maize stem nutrient quality. HC-SNP could be screened through repetitive significant loci，and then associated gene enrichment regions could be excavated.

【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City，Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner（CK），quicklime（CaO），organic fertilizer（Organic），and organic fertilizer+quicklime（Organic+CaO）. The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits，dry matter accumulation，yield components，and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021，the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years，respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year，soil conditioner，and their interaction had extremely significant effect（P<0.01） on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher（P<0.05） kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with kernel number per ear （R²=0.614） and kernel number per hectare （R²=0.746）. Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height，ear height，and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index （LAI） increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However，from the yield prospective，when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning，continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

【Objective】Identify the phenotypic traits of different types of barley germplasm resources，to provide basis for breeding practice.【Methods】The diversity of 8 qualitative traits including seedling habits，leaf posture，plant type，ridge type，awn type，awniness，naked/cover and grain color of 99 barley germplasm resources were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Using descriptive statistics，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis，10 quantitative traits including plant height，growth period，tiller number，main spike length，main spike grain number，main spike grain weight，spike number per plant，grain number per plant，grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed.【Results】 There were abundant variations in the 8 qualitative traits. The variation range of 10 quantitative traits was 9.08%-43.16%，among which the variation coefficient of main spike grain number was the highest，and the variation coefficient of growth period was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01）correlations among multiple traits of the 99 barley germplasm. The germplasm population was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The 15 accessions in theⅠcategory had the characteristics of high stem，long main spike and long growth period. The 56 accessions in the Ⅱ category had the characteristics of low stalk，high spike number per plant，high tiller number and long main spike. The 26 accessions in theⅢcategory had the characteristics of high main spike grain weight，high main spike grain number and low 1 000-grain weight. There were 2 accessions in the Ⅳ category，characterized by high grain number per plant，high grain weight per plant，low 1 000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 72.39%.【Conclusion】 There were abundant genetic variations in 18 phenotypic traits of 99 barley germplasm resources，which could be divided into 4 categories. Breeding selection could be based on group characteristics.

【Objective】Establish a maize genetic transformation system to cultivate maize lines with herbicide tolerance and address the issue of weed damage in maize.【Methods】Herbicide tolerance gene（ CP4 -EPSPS）was transformed into immature embryos of maize inbred line B73 by agrobacterium mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were identified by PCR and qRT-PCR. Low copy transgenic events were screened by ddPCR,followed by phosphinothricin tolerance test.【Results】12 of the 181 acquired tolerance lines tested positive. The exogenous herbicide tolerance gene（ CP4 -EPSPS）of the transgenic plants expressed normally at the transcriptional level. Five low copy lines were selected from the transgenic plants. All the transgenic plants were phosphinothricin tolerant in the tolerance test. T ₁ seeds from the 5 transgenic low copy lines were harvested.【Conclusion】Established a maize genetic transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium transformation using B73.

【Objective】To explore the accumulation of deoxynivalenol（DON） in the kernels of different wheat varieties under natural disease conditions and the effect on Fuasrium diseased kernel rate（FDK） and test weight，so as to provide reference for breeding wheat varieties resistant to Fuasrium.【Methods】The content of DON，3A-DON（3-acetyldeoxynivalenol） and 15A-DON（15-acetyldeoxynivalenol） in the kernels of 65 wheat varieties from different sources were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） to analyze the difference in Fuasrium diseased kernel rate（FDK） and test weight （TW） under different DON content.【Results】The FDK of the 65 wheat varieties ranged from 0.20% to 7.80%. The content of DON was 0.11 to 4.26 mg/kg. The test weight was 703.00 to 791.70 g/L. With correlation coefficients of 0.514，0.549，0.529 and 0.521，respectively，FDK was significantly positively correlated with the contents of DON，3A-DON，15A-DON and DON-Total（P<0.01），and was significantly negatively correlated with test weight（P<0.05），with correlation coefficients of -0.254. With correlation coefficients of 0.999，0.911 and 0.899，respectively，the kernel contents of DON，3A-DON，15A-DON had significant positive correlation（P<0.01） with DON-Total，and significant negative correlation with test weight（P<0.01），with correlation coefficients of -0.502，-0.504 and -0.481，respectively. In terms of the source of the varieties，the kernel accumulation of DON was lowest in Jiangsu（1.51 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（2.06 mg/kg），Henan（2.75 mg/kg） and Shandong（2.98 mg/kg）. The content of 3A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu（0.047 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（0.075 mg/kg），Shandong（0.111 mg/kg） and Henan（0.113 mg/kg）. The content of 15A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu（0.059 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（0.090 mg/kg），Shandong（0.132 mg/kg）and Henan（0.141 mg/kg）. The content of DON-Total was lowest in Jiangsu（1.61 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（2.23 mg/kg），Henan（3.00 mg/kg）and Shandong（3.23 mg/kg）. The number and proportion of varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg in wheat kernels were as follows：Anhui（18，64.29%）>Jiangsu（13，61.90%）>Shandong（2，22.22%）>Henan（1，14.29%）. The average test weight was highest in Jiangsu（758.57 g/L），followed by Anhui（751.90 g/L），Henan（739.71 g/L） and Shandong（735.27 g/L）. In terms of the characteristics of different varieties，eight wheat varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg and test weight no less than 770.00 g/L were selected. Among these，there were seven semi winter varieties including Huaimai 40，Huaimai 44，Nongmai 152，Quanmai 725，Womai No. 9，Xunong 029 and Huaimai 45，one spring variety，Guohong No. 6.【Conclusion】The kernel FDK，DON contents and test weight of the 65 wheat varieties were quite different. With the increase of FDK，the kernel accumulation of 3A-DON，15A-DON and DON-Total increased gradually，and the average test weight decreased. Huaimai 40，Huaimai 44，Nongmai 152，Quanmai 725，Womai No.9，Xunong 029，Huaimai 45，and Guohong No. 6 had better resistance to Fuasrium disease.

【Objective】To screen soybean varieties with high yield,superior quality and strong resistance suitable for planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】Variety comparison experiment was conducted on 20 soybean varieties provided by the Institute of Hulun Buir Agricultural Science to analyze the yield and quality traits. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate different soybean varieties.【Results】Cluster analysis divided the 20 varieties into three categories. The first category（Mengdou 50,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 49,Dengke No. 1,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 912,Mengdou 57,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 1137,Mengdou 43,and Mengdou 160） comprehensively displayed the characteristics of high yield and high fat content,that was,high yield and superior quality. The second category（Mengdou 53,Mengdou 54,Mengdou 343,Mengdou 46,Mengdou 48,Mengdou 15,Neidou No. 4） had low yield and moderate quality. The third category（Dongnong 690） had high yield and low fat content. Principal component analysis showed that the yield factor and grain factor had contribution rates of 45.298% and 41.496%,respectively. The effective pods per plant,total seeds per plant,yield per plant,plot yield,fat content,and 100-seed weight all had high contribution.【Conclusion】Based on the results of principal component comprehensive evaluation ranking and cluster analysis,combined with comprehensive factors such as variety growth period and resistance,eight soybean varieties with good comprehensive performance were selected,including Mengdou 50,Mengdou 43,Mengdou 1137,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 49,and Dengke No. 1. These soybean varieties were suitable for demonstration and promotion planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】Investigate the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture,heat dynamics as well as maize dry matter accumulation and yield,to provide theoretical support for maize production in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using random block design,four tillage methods were set up,including conventional ridge cropping（CP）,straw off-field no-tillage（NT）,straw mulching no-tillage（RNT）,and straw mulching strip tillage（RST）. Throughout the maize growth stages in 2021—2022,the soil temperature,soil moisture content and maize dry matter accumulation were monitored and measured. Yield was determined at harvest.【Results】Compared with CP,NT,RNT and RST reduced the average soil temperature and 0-5 cm soil active accumulated temperature in the maize growth stages. The 0-5 cm average soil active accumulated temperature of NT and RNT significantly decreased by 69.81 and 127.52 ℃（ P<0.05）,respectively in the two years,while RST only decreased by 18.94 ℃ with no significant difference（ P>0.05）. RNT and RST significantly increased soil water content during the maize growth period,with RNT increasing 107.75 and 74.14 mm and RST increasing 71.50 and 37.89 mm compared to CP and NT,respectively. RST increased maize emergence by an average of 1.58%,9.28% and 9.11% compared to NT,CP and RNT respectively. Both dry matter accumulation and yield at maize maturity stage were RST>NT>CP>RNT in the two years. In comparison to CP,NT and RNT,the dry matter accumulation in RST increasing by 11.68%,4.47% and 12.69%,yield increased by 6.06%,4.22% and 7.21%,and water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 7.63%,5.61% and 6.52%,respectively.【Conclusion】Straw mulching strip tillage had better effect in temperature increasing and soil moisture preserving,significantly increased maize dry matter accumulation and yield,was one of the tillage methods to increase maize yield and efficiency in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To screen excellent millet varieties suitable for planting in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using 8 millet varieties as research objects and split plot experiment design，two treatments of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation and water deficit were set up. The growth characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties were compared and analyzed by principal component analysis.【Results】Pre-seedling supplemental irrigation significantly affected the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties. Compared with water deficit treatment，Jinmiao K1 had the highest （6.56%） seedling emergence rate，followed by Zhangzagu No. 13（4.44%）；Jinmiao K1 and Zhangzagu No. 13 had better plant height performance，at 30.5 cm and 30.3 cm，respectively，increased by 15.21% and 6.27% and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05）；Zhangzagu No. 13 had better stem diameter and dry matter accumulation at 5.45 mm and 0.598 g，respectively，increased by 12.60% and 5.65%，and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05），followed by Jinmiao K1，which increased by 16.56% and 4.98%，respectively. Under the water deficit treatment，the leaf area index of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were less affected by drought at 0.94 and 0.83，respectively；the relative chlorophyll content of Zhangzagu No. 13 was the highest at 51.18. The stomatal conductance of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 was better under both treatments，significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.45% and 4.36% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. The net photosynthetic rates of Jigu 168 and Jinmiao K1 were significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05）. Under water deficit treatment，Zhangzagu No. 13 had the best net photosynthetic rate at 33.18 μmol/（m²·s），which was 1.99% lower than that of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation. The transpiration rates of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were better and significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.39% and 3.79% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 had better water use efficiency under both treatments. Water deficit led to an increase in leaf photosynthetic water use efficiency，the two varieties increased by 11% and 7%，respectively.【Conclusion】Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 could be promoted as the dominant varieties of millet for drought resistance and seedling protection in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021，four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County and Dongyang Town，Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design，the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County，Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits，strong photosynthetic characteristics，high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles，and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9（CK），respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town，Yuci District，the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage，while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806（CK），the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%，respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length，but positively correlated with ear length，number of grains per ear，100-grain weight，and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30，Dika 159，and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

【Objective】To elucidate the impacts of tillage methods on the development of saline-alkali farmland and maize growth by examining the growth and development of maize roots under deep ploughing straw returning.【Methods】From 2021 to 2022,two tillage methods,shallow rotation no returning（CK）and deep ploughing straw returning（DPR）,were set up on mild,moderate and severe saline-alkali land. The local main maize varieties DK159 and JSH257 were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,maize root growth status and yield.【Results】Compared with CK,the bulk density in DPR soil decreased,water content increased,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,total N,available P,available K and organic matter content increased significantly（ P<0.05）. The soil total salt content and pH value decreased by 5.48%-48.98% and 1.25%-13.71%,respectively. The root length,root surface area,average root diameter and root volume of DPR maize significantly increased（ P<0.05）. The root indexes improved most in the mild saline-alkali soil,with increases of 62.13%,62.99%,26.46% and 69.67%,respectively. In comparison with the CK,the yield of maize increased by 14.08%-33.61% with the highest increase in moderate saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing straw returning effectively improved soil physical and chemical properties,reduced soil total salt content and pH value. With the decrease of total salt content,maize root length and root volume increased significantly,increasing root surface area,improving the ability of maize plants to utilize soil nutrients,and ultimately increasing yield.

【Objective】To detect virus diseases of tomato and pepper in the primary protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia,in order to identify the current dominant viral species,distribution,and infection status,as well as to assess the severity and prevalence of several significant virus diseases.【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022,tomato and pepper suspected virus disease samples were collected from the main protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia including Chifeng City,Hohhot City and Baotou City. RT-PCR was used to identify the pathogens.【Results】A total of 327 virus infected samples were collected and 15 viruses were detected,including 12 in Chifeng City,8 in Hohhot City,and 7 in Baotou City.

【Objective】To clarify the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid induced rice blast resistance.【Methods】Using Hwayoung rice seedlings as test material,the in vitro inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on Magnaporthe oryzae was evaluated. Rice seedlings were induced by salicylic acid(sterile water as control)and then inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae JC2. The changes in histone acetylation and gene expression related to rice disease course were studied.【Results】Salicylic acid had no significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth rate,spore quantity,and spore germination rate of Magnaporthe oryzae. The histone modification levels of H3K9ac and H4K5ac showed an increased trend when the rice seedlings were induced by different concentrations of salicylic acid,and the resistance to rice blast was also improved. Compared with the control plants,in 0.05 mmol/L salicylic acid induced and inoculated 2 d plants(sampled 24 h after inoculation),the expression levels of OsPR1b、OsPAL、OsNH1 and WRKY13 increased extreme significantly(P<0.01).【Conclusion】After rice plants were induced by salicylic acid,the histone acetylation modification level was elevated and the resistance to rice blast was improved.

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization，lodging resistance，harvest index，etc. By altering cell division and elongation，phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes，modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones（GA₃，IAA，BR），in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

【Objective】To screen naked oat varieties（lines） suitable for cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia and lay a theoretical foundation for the introduction of oat varieties,breeding,demonstration and promotion of new varieties in the area.【Methods】Using 12 newly bred naked oat varieties（lines） in China as experimental material,in single factor randomized block experiments,the growth period,main agronomic traits,yield and quality traits of the different oat varieties（lines） were analyzed.【Results】All of the 12 naked oat varieties（lines） tested could mature normally in the local area. The varieties（lines） with better main agronomic traits were：201229-1-2,Zhangyou No.8,Bayou No.18. Bayou No.18 had better performance in plant height（136.10 cm）,main panicle length（22.03 cm）,grain weight per spike（2.94 g）,tiller number（3.58） and 1000-grain weight（30.14 g）. 201229-1-2 performed better in tiller number（4.20）,spikelet number（35.73） and grain weight per spike（2.06 g）. Zhangyou No.8 had better performance in 1 000-grain weight（30.14 g）. The varieties（lines）with better yield performance were Bayou No.18,201229-1-2 and Baiyan No.16,at 3 250.05,3 330.00 and 3 157.80 kg/hm ²,respectively. The varieties（lines） with better quality traits were Zhangyou No.9（highest protein content at 16.57%）,Jinyan No.18（highest β-glucan content at 5.00%）,Weiduyou No.5（highest starch content at 61.98%）,and 201229-1-2（highest crude fat content and grain bulk density at 5.51% and 709.00 g/L）. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of Bayou No.18,Baiyan No.16,Zhangyou No.8,and 201229-1-2 were higher,with relatively prominent yield traits and nutritional quality traits.【Conclusion】The naked oat varieties（lines） with better comprehensive traits were Bayou No. 18,Baiyan No. 16,Zhangyou No. 8,and 201229-1-2. They were suitable for promotion and cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,with Bayou No. 18 being particularly prominent.

【Objective】To quantitatively analyze the yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province and clarify the space for increasing yield and improving utilization efficiency of resource of wheat following rice.【Methods】Four cultivation patterns：super high yield（SH）,high yield and high efficiency（HH）,farmer pattern（FP）and inherent soil productivity（ISP）and three difference levels：first-level yield gap（FP-ISP）,second-level yield gap（HH-FP）,and third-level yield gap（SH-HH） were set up in wheat following rice areas along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of over-wintering stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage,filling stage and maturity stage were determined and the effective ear number,kernels per ear,1 000-grain weight and economic coefficient,as well as yield were measured at maturity stage.【Results】Along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,the first-level yield gap（FP-ISP） of wheat following rice was the largest,with an average of 3 009.6 kg/hm ². The second-level yield gap and the third-level yield gap were 768.5 and 758.0 kg/hm ²,respectively. Yield gaps varied among different wheat following rice planting regions,with the first-level yield gap decreased gradually from north to south,the second-level yield gap increased slightly from north to south,and the third-level yield gap in the north slightly higher than that of the south. The yield gap of the different levels varied greatly among different years. The effective measures to narrow the first-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number,kernels per ear,biological yield,economic coefficient and leaf area index in jointing stage.The effective measures to narrow the second-level yield gap were the enhancement of kernels per ear,biological yield and dry matter in anthesis stage. The effective measures to narrow the third-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number and economic coefficient. Sink number,sink volume,leaf area index in over-wintering stage and jointing stage and dry matter accumulation after flowering were extremely significantly positive correlated（ P<0.01） with the yield of wheat following rice. Nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,light and accumulative temperature utilization efficiency increased with the improvement of yield.【Conclusion】Increasing grain sink number,expanding sink capacity and improving grain sink quality were the effective means to narrow the yield gap and increase yield of wheat following rice in Anhui Province.

【Objective】Analyzing the heterotic pattern of superior maize breeding lines L239 and L7221 to reveal the genetic resources of superior varieties and to provide reference for maize breeding in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Methods】The genetic diversity of L239 and L7221 in 42 maize inbred lines was analyzed by SSR molecular marker technology to determine the heterosis pattern of maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region.【Results】Analysis of 42 maize inbred lines showed that the allele number of the 56 primers was 2-9，and the polymorphism information content was 0.43-0.86. The genetic distance between L239 and CA375 was shortest at 0.50. The genetic distance between L7221，LX9801 and Nongda 178 were shorter at 0.43 and 0.56，respectively. According to the genetic similarity analysis of 42 maize inbred lines，L7221 mainly belonged to Tangsipingtou group，and L239 mainly had closer relationship with the germplasm resources of the improved Reid group.【Conclusion】L7221 was closer to many inbred lines of Tangsipingtou group，and L239 was closer to many inbred lines of improved Reid group. The L239 and L7221 heterosis pattern was improved Reid group×Tangsipingtou group.

【Objective】The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the BvCENH3 gene in sugar beet aiming to establish an efficient genome editing system.【Methods】Taking sugar beet BvCENH3 gene as the editing target,double candidate targets were selected to construct gene editing vector. Transgenic sugar beet plants were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Next generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify the mutation types and droplet digital PCR was employed to screen low-copy mutant plants.【Results】82 transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained,40 of which were successfully edited,with an editing efficiency of 48.78%. Target 1 was more efficient than target 2. There were five mutation types,including single base substitution（T→G、A→C） and base deletion（TC、TCTC deletion）. 23 low-copy edited plants were selected,with BvCENH3 insertion copy numbers ranging from 1.1 to 1.9.【Conclusion】Successfully edited BvCENH3 in sugar beet with 40 BvCENH3 gene mutants obtained. Preliminary established sugar beet genome editing system,laying theoretical and technical foundations for sugar beet haploid breeding.

【Objective】The effects of microbial fertilizer mixed with chicken manure on the growth of apple seedlings and the improvement of saline-alkali soil in apple field were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in apple field in Gansu Province.【Methods】Five treatments were set up：no fertilizer（blank，T0），single microbial fertilizer（control，T1），50 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T2），75 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T3），100 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T4）. At 30，60，90，and 120 d，the effects of various treatments on apple seedling development，root activity and soil pH value，total salt content，bulk density，enzyme activities were studied.【Results】Combined application of chicken manure and microbial fertilizer，the leaf area of apple seedling leaves had no significant change（P>0.05）. At 120 d，in T4 treatment，the leaf SPAD value of apple seedling was the largest，15.75% and 12.88% higher than that in T0 and T1 treatment，respectively. The soil total salt content，pH value，and bulk density were the lowest， 15.51%，6.53%，and 23.82% lower than T0 treatment，and 14.20%，3.49%，and 20.34% lower than T1 treatment，respectively. At 120 d，in T3 treatment，apple seedling had the highest root activity，12.15% and 4.41% higher than those in the T0 and T1 treatments，respectively. The ALP activity，S-UE activity and NAG activity of saline-alkali soil in apple field were the highest，increased by 65.52%，29.96% and 116.38% respectively compared with T0 treatment and 17.07%，14.95% and 34.23% respectively compared with T1 treatment.【Conclusion】The growth of apple seedlings and saline-alkali soil were improved by the treatments of 75 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer and 100 g/（kg soil）chicken manure+microbial fertilizer. The longer the treatment period，the more pronounced the effects on apple seedling growth and soil improvement were.

【Objective】To identify the characteristics of rust pathogens in Hemerocallis citrina and the rust resistance of different Hemerocallis citrina varieties.【Methods】32 Hemerocallis citrina rust samples were collected from Hunan Province，Gansu Province，Shaanxi Province and Jiangsu Province. The uredinium and urediniospores of Hemerocallis citrina were observed and measured under microscope. One of the Hemerocallis citrina rust sample（yx-30）was then selected and the telia and teliospores were observed and measured. The rust resistance of 50 samples of Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources to strain yx-26 was identified by artificial inoculation.【Results】The uredinium of Hemerocallis citrina rust samples were mostly on the abaxial side of leaves，forming orange or yellow-brown spots with diameters of 0.28-1.96 mm. The urediniospores were almost spherical or oval，yellow and unicellular and 16.0 to 21.5 μm by 17.2 to 32.4 μm in size. The wall thickness was 1 to 3 μm. The telia of Hemerocallis citrina rust sample was dark brown and flocculent. The teliospores were oval，rod-shaped，yellow，bicellular，with constriction in the middle，and shaped like gourd. The size was 68.0 to 81.0 μm by 19.4 to 22.2 μm. The length of sporocyst stalk was 11 to 16 μm. The rust resistance to yx-26 strain of the 50 Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources were 11 cultivars with high resistance，21 cultivars with moderate resistance，8 cultivars susceptible，and 10 cultivars highly susceptible.【Conclusion】The morphological characteristics of uredinium of Hemerocallis citrina were similar，while the morphological sizes of urediniospores were slightly different. The telia of Hemerocallis citrina rust sample was dark brown and flocculent. The teliospores were yellow，bicellular and shaped like gourd. The rust-resistant varieties accounted for 3/5 of the 50 samples of Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources，which could provide reference for the planting of rust resistant varieties of Hemerocallis citrina in different regions.

【Objective】Understanding the pollen,fruit,and seed surfaces morphological traits of Pugionium Gaertn. and provide basis for the evolutionary history and the classification of species within the Pugionium Gaertn. genus.【Methods】The morphological features of Pugionium Gaertn. pollen,fruit,and seeds were observed using a Hitachi S-530 scanning electron microscope,and the observation results were analyzed.【Results】The pollen of Pugionium Gaertn. was small to medium-sized,long spherical,with three germinating grooves(P/E 1.23-1.43),reticular carving,deep and large mesh,and numerous rectangular holes on the ridge. The germination groove of P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang was shorter and shallower than those of P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn.,P. calcaratum Kom.,and P. dolabratum Maxim.,and the groove film was not apparent. The fruit of Pugionium Gaertn. were samara with nearly equal wings on either side. Among them,P. dolabratum Maxim.,P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang and P. calcaratum Kom. had flat angles between the wings while P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn. had an obtuse angle between the wings. P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang had the widest wing,and P. dolabratum Maxim. had the longest wing. The seed coat of Pugionium Gaertn. was glossy yellowish brown with barely perceptible seed pores. The hilum was located at the base of the ventral surface. The seed of P. calcaratumKom. was biconvex shape with no dip at the raphe,which was different from the kidney shape of other species,with obvious depression on both sides of the raphe P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang seeds had reticulated shallow dish-shaped surface with hairs on the murus,in contrast to other species′irregular mesh.【Conclusion】The pollen and seed coat micromorphology revealed that within the genus there were intraspecific similarities as well as interspecific distinctiveness,supporting the idea that P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang was a distinct species.

【Objective】To clarify the weed control effect and the safety of varying application doses of pre-seedling blocking herbicides,metolachlor and pendimethalin on chickpea seedlings.【Methods】The weed control effect and the safety of chickpea growth in the field were evaluated using a random block design of 96% metolachlor EC 1 200 mL/hm²(C1),1 500 mL/hm²(C2),1 800 mL/hm²(C3),3 000 mL/hm²(C4)and clean water(CK1),or 450 g/L pendimethalin CS 1 500 mL/hm²(T1),2 250 mL/hm²(T2),3 000 mL/hm²(T3),4 500 mL/hm²(T4)and clean water(CK2)combined with 87.5% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC 600 mL/hm².【Results】96% metolachlor EC and 450 g/L pendimethalin CS combined with 87.5% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC could effectively control monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds in chickpea field. The control effect of C4 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the control effect on monocotyledonous weeds and total weeds between T4 treatment and T3 treatment 45 days after application(P>0.05). The control effect of T4 treatment on dicotyledonous weeds and total weeds was significantly higher than that of other treatments 30 days after application(P<0.05). Different doses of 96% metolachlor EC and 450 g/L pendimethalin CS did not cause any damage to chickpea seedlings.【Conclusion】96% metolachlor EC 3 000 mL/hm² and 450 g/L pendimethalin CS 4 500 mL/hm² had better control effects on monocotyledonous weeds,dicotyledonous weeds,and total weeds. The test doses were safe for chickpea growth.

【Objective】To screen fresh tomato varieties suitable for planting in Ordos，Inner Mongolia，and to provide reference for the establishment of a sensory quality evaluation system for tomato fruit.【Methods】The five sensory quality indices of the 19 fresh tomato varieties（10 cherry tomato varieties and 9 large tomato varieties）introduced to Ordos in 2022 were evaluated using the questionnaire survey combined with comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A questionnaire survey on the taste of tomatoes was conducted at the same time to confirm the rationality of the evaluation index and weight.【Results】The sensory quality evaluation scores of 10 cherry tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，Kiwi tomato，Mizhu No. 3，Qianxi，Hanghuangying No. 1，Hangcaiying No. 1，Hangfenying No. 6，Zicaixia tomato. The sensory quality evaluation scores of 9 large tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，Provence，Milumifen，Xiutailang，Youshi No. 3，Tianmi 199，Antares. The reason for desirable flavor was “moderate sweet and sour”. The reason for undesirable taste was “thick skin”.【Conclusion】Cherry tomato Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，and Kiwi tomato，large tomato Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，and Provence had better sensory quality and were recommended for promotion. The sensory quality evaluation index and weight settings were relatively reasonable.

【Objective】To clarify the differences in bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil planted with Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L. and the first hybrid generation on sandy dark chestnut soil in Inner Mongolia. Also clarify the mechanisms of interaction between environmental factors and the bacterial community.【Methods】The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to perform high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial community 16S rRNA gene in rhizosphere soil planted with Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L.，and the first hybrid generation（Elymus sibiricus Linn. as male parent and Elymus canadensis L. as female parent）. Bioinformatics analysis was used to compare the structure and diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the three plant species，as well as the correlation between bacterial composition and soil chemical indicators.【Results】Shannon-Wiener index，ACE index and Chao1 index of Elymus sibiricus Linn. rhizosphere soil bacterial community were the highest，while Simpson index of Elymus canadensis L. rhizosphere soil bacterial community was the highest. The common dominant phyla of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of the three plant species were Actinobacteria，Proteobacteria，Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The dominant phyla of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Elymus sibiricus Linn. and the first hybrid generation was Bacteroidete. The common dominant genus of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of the three plant species was Arthrobacter. The dominant genera of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L. and the first hybrid generation were Shewanella，Nocardioides and norank-f-JG30-KF-CM45，respectively. In the rhizosphere soil of the three plant species，the pH value of Elymus canadensis L. rhizosphere soil was the lowest，and the contents of available nitrogen，available phosphorus and organic matter in Elymus sibiricus Linn. rhizosphere soil were the highest. Soil organic matter with Pseudomonas，norank-f-norank-o-Subgroup-7 and Subgroup-10，available nitrogen with Mycobacterium，available phosphorus with norank-f-norank-o-SBR1031，norank-f-norank-o-Subgroup-7，Subgroup-10，norank-f-A4b were all significant positively correlated. Soil organic matter with norank-f-norank-o-Gaiellales，Gaiella and norank-f-Gemmatimonadacea，available phosphorus with norank-f-norank-o-Gaiellales，Gaiella and norank-f-Ilumatobacteraceae were both significantly negatively correlated.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure of the first hybrid generation were similar with Elymus canadensis L.，but quite different with Elymus sibiricus Linn.. The diversity of soil bacterial community structure were affected by soil chemical indicators and plant species.

【Objective】To comprehend the impacts of salt stress on seed germination,seedling growth,and physiological characteristics of salt tolerant and salt sensitive sunflower and to analyze the salt tolerant mechanism of sunflower from the perspectives of physiology and biochemistry.【Methods】Two sunflower inbred lines S05-10(salt tolerant)and 19S6(salt sensitive)were stressed with 50,100,150 and 200 mmol/L NaCl solutions,and distilled water treatment was used as control(CK). Germination percentage,plant height,proline content,malondialdehyde content,relative conductivity and SOD activity were measured. To analyze the effects of salt stress on seed germination,seedling growth and physiological characteristics of sunflower.【Results】Under 100,150,and 200 mmol/L NaCl stress,the germination rate of S05-10 and 19S6 significantly decreased,with the largest decreases being 55.68% and 82.11% when compared to CK(P<0.05). Under 200 mmol/L NaCl stress,the plant height of S05-10 and 19S6 reduced by 31.93% and 63.31%,respectively,compared to CK. Under 50-200 mmol/L NaCl stress,compared to CK,the proline content of S05-10 increased by 44.38%-142.62%,the malondialdehyde content increased by 7.12%-21.36%,and the relative conductivity of leaves increased by 0.04%-28.52%;while the proline content of 19S6 increased by 4.01%-19.74%,the malondialdehyde content increased by 5.00%-102.50% and the relative conductivity of leaves increased by 18.24%-28.96%. Under 100 and 150 mmol/L NaCl stress,the SOD activity of S05-10 increased by 17.77% and 20.43%,respectively,in comparison to CK. Under 50 to 200 mmol/L NaCl stress,the SOD activity of 19S6 was generally steady and increased by 1.86% to 3.73% compared to CK.【Conclusion】Under 100-200 mmol/L NaCl stress,sunflower seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited,with 19S6 showing more inhibition than S05-10 did. Under NaCl stress,19S6 suffered more serious salt damage,with serious leaf membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. The increase in malondialdehyde content and relative leaf conductivity were both significantly higher than those of S05-10. By accumulating more osmotic regulatory substances(proline)and boosting the activity of antioxidant enzymes(SOD)under NaCl stress,S05-10 reduced stress and improved salt tolerance. Under NaCl stress,19S6′s proline content and SOD activity did not change considerably,and its salt tolerance was evidently insufficient.

【Objective】To understand the characteristics of coal slime and its impact on the physical properties of sandy soil,and to explore the utilization of coal slime in agriculture.【Methods】On the basis of examining the features of coal slime,using unplanted simulation culture experiments with varying application rates of 0（CK）,15 t/hm ²（L-1）,45 t/hm ²（L-2）,75 t/hm ²（L-3） and 135 t/hm ²（L-4）,the changes in physical properties of sandy soil following the application of coal slime were examined.【Results】The content of cadmium,mercury,lead,chromium,and arsenic in coal slime was low,accounting for only 0.32% to 11.55% of the standard values,with up to 73.43% of clay and powder particles. It was rich in plant growth promoting beneficial elements,SiO ₂ and Al ₂O ₃（with a relative content of 71.17%）,contained essential macroelements K ₂O and P ₂O ₅（with a relative content of 2.02%）,essential medium elements CaO,SO ₃,MgO（with a relative content of 18.00%）,and essential trace elements Fe ₂O ₃,MnO,ZnO,CuO,NiO（with a relative content of 6.73%）,all of which were beneficial for plant growth. At 240.5 g/kg,the content of total organic carbon was high. The ratio of light and heavy fraction organic carbon was around 1 ∶ 4. Applying coal slime optimized the particle size composition of sandy soil and increased the content of clay particles（ d<2 μm）and powder particles（2~50 μm）with increases of 1.01-4.95 percentage points and 0.21-0.71 percentage points respectively. The proportion of capillary pores in sandy soil increased by 2.29% to 16.46%. The non capillary pore ratio of sandy soil reduced by 1.12% to 45.42%. The available water content of sandy soil increased by 1.04% to 18.89%. Compared with CK,both L-3 and L-4 treatments significantly（ P<0.05）increased the content of clay and powder particles in sandy soil and significantly reduced the bulk density of sandy soil. L-3 treatment had the highest proportion of soil capillary pores of 24.90%,lowest proportion of non capillary pores of 6.31% and the highest proportion of soil available water to water loss of 75.27%.【Conclusion】Coal slime had low levels of heavy metals and met the safety index criteria of Soil Quality for Land Improvement of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Disposal,with high water retention capacity,rich in various elements,and could provide sufficient organic carbon. It had good improvement effects on the physical properties of sandy soil. Within the scope of the experiment,the best effect achieved when the amount of coal slime applied at 75 t/hm ².

【Objective】To assess the degree of Phytophthora resistance of pepper germplasm resources and examine the indoor antifungal activity of common chemical agents against Phytophthora capsici，in order to provide guidance for the prevention and control of Phytophthora.【Methods】The resistance of 28 pepper germplasm resources to Phytophthora capsici was evaluated by root inoculation. The sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici S90 to 16 common fungicides in the market was analyzed by mycelial growth rate method.【Results】The disease resistance of different pepper germplasm resources was significantly different，and the disease index was 0-100. Among them，the disease index of C164，C186，C167，C189，Beixing No.1 and Beixing No. 6 was 0，showing high resistance，accounting for 21.43% of the total resources. There were 1 medium resistant and 21 highly susceptible materials，accounting for 3.57% and 75.00% of the total resources，respectively. Among the 16 fungicides，the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory activity of P. capsici S90，with EC₅₀ value at 6.935 0 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of iprodione，carbendazim，myclobutanil，ethylicin and pyraclostrobin were 21.504 7 to 93.587 8 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of other fungicides were all greater than 100 mg/L，among which，fluopyramotri·floxystrobin and chlorobromoisocy anuric acid had no inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90.【Conclusion】In the tested pepper germplasm resources，there were six varieties with high Phytophthora capsici resistance. Among the 16 fungicides tested，the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90. Iprodione，carbendazim，myclobutanil，ethylicin and pyraclostrobin also had some inhibitory activities that could be used as effective fungicides for controlling Phytophthora.

【Objective】To find the optimal fertilization method through research on the diurnal variation of millet′s photosynthetic properties throughout the filling stage. To provide a reference for improving the production and industrial growth of side crops in Ordos City，Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In the test site at Shagedu，Junggar Banner，using Jinmiao K1 as test variety，five fertilization treatments were set up：phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（PK，blank），nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（NPK，control），replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with sheep manure（N+SM），replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer（N+BM），and replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with slow-release compound fertilizer（N+HM）. The membrane side planting was used to analyse the differences in millet leaf area，diurnal variations in photosynthetic properties during filling stage and yield.【Results】The leaf area of Jinmiao K1 in N+BM treatment was higher than that in other treatments after jointing stage. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of different treatments showed bimodal curve change and had photosynthetic midday break. The net photosynthetic rate of N+BM treatment was the highest at 17.5 μmol/（m²·s）. The highest transpiration rate of each treatment appeared from 12：00 to 14：00. The diurnal variation of intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a‘V’ shaped trend. The intercellular CO₂ concentration in N+BM treatment was the lowest at 39.2 mmol/（m²·s）. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of each treatment had the same trend with the lowest value appeared from 12：00 to 14：00. At 12：00，the stomatal conductance of N+BM treatment was 33.3% lower than that of NPK treatment. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with the transpiration rate，and extreme significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance. The grain yield of N+BM treatment reached 5 122 kg/hm²，which was 16.2% higher than that of NPK treatment.【Conclusion】Replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer improved the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation capacity of millet in the later stage，increased yield，was a suitable fertilization method in Ordos City.

【Objective】To address the demands of large-scale planting of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,a large-scale regeneration system using tissue culture seedlings of the plant was constructed.【Methods】The explants of Xanthoceras sorbifolia were induced by tissue culture using the stem segments of the plant as experimental materials. The effects of various hormone doses on the induction,proliferation,and rooting of adventitious buds were examined to determine the optimal medium for Xanthoceras sorbifolia tissue culture.【Results】For adventitious bud induction,MS+0.10 mg/L TDZ+1.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.02 mg/L NAA+0.50 mg/L AC(activated carbon)medium had the highest induction rate of 68.57%. MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L AC+1.0 mg/L GA₃+1.0 g/L Ca(NO₃)₂ medium had the highest proliferation coefficient of 3.20. Rooting medium 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA had the highest rooting rate of 65.56%. Equal proportion mixture of perlite,pine needle soil and pastoral soil as the transplanting medium significantly increased the survival rate of sorbent seedlings,which was 88.75%.【Conclusion】The optimal adventitious bud medium was MS+0.10 mg/L TDZ+1.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.02 mg/L NAA+0.50 mg/L AC. The optimal proliferation medium was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L AC+1.0 mg/L GA₃+1.0 g/L Ca(NO₃)₂. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA. And the optimal transplanting medium was equal proportion mixture of perlite,pine needle soil and pastoral soil.

【Objective】Examine the virulence and field efficacy of several fungicides and their combinations against Cercospora beticola to guide the management of beet leaf spot disease.【Methods】The mycelial growth rate method was used to assess the virulence of 12 fungicides against Cercospora beticola. The field efficacy of various fungicides and their combinations were examined.【Results】40% flusilazole was the most virulent against Cercospora beticola with EC₅₀ value of 0.13 μg/mL. With a co-toxicity coefficient of 137.17,the combination consisting of 45% fentin acetate+37% difenoconazole 1∶1 compound had the strongest synergistic effect. The field efficacy of 45% fentin acetate+37% difenoconazole 1∶1 compound,50% pyrazole ether fungus ester+45% fentin acetate 1∶1 compound and 40% flusilazole were 78.91%,77.86% and 77.31%,respectively,with good control effect.【Conclusion】Beet leaf spot was well controlled by 45% fentin acetate+37% difenoconazole 1∶1 compound,50% pyrazole ether fungus ester+45% fentin acetate 1∶1 compound,and 40% flusilazole.

【Objective】To clarify the application effect and suitable substitution ratio of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer in the cultivation of sunflowers in the Hetao Irrigation Area.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Linhe District,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia. Six treatments,including 100% organic nitrogen(100% M),25% chemical fertilizer nitrogen+75% organic nitrogen(75% M),50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen+50% organic nitrogen(50% M),75% chemical fertilizer nitrogen+25% organic nitrogen(25% M),optimized chemical fertilizer(NE)and no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),were set up to establish the regression equation between the organic fertilizer substitution ratio and sunflower yield. Analyze the effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on the crude fat content,fatty acid composition,grain rust,nitrogen utilization efficiency and soil nutrients.【Results】 Sunflower treated with 25%M had the maximum yield of 5 626.47 kg/hm² and was 30.70% greater than CK(P<0.05). According to regression analysis,the best substitution ratio for organic fertilizer in the cultivation of sunflowers was 18.86%. With an increase in the ratio of organic fertilizer substitution,the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower seeds increased. Organic fertilizer substitute chemical fertilizer,the crude fat content of sunflower seeds marginally increased,while grain rust disease index and incidence rate dropped. 25%M treatment had the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and agronomic efficiency,which were 4.85 percentage point and 0.89 kg/kg higher than those of NE treatment,respectively. As the organic fertilizer substitution ratio increased,so did the contents of soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and available potassium.【Conclusion】When the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer substitution was 18.86%,the yield of sunflower was highest,the amount of crude fat and unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds increased,the disease index and incidence rate of grain rust decreased,and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased,soil enriched.

【Objective】To shorten the regeneration cycle of Cucurbita pepo L. and obtain tissue culture seedlings with strong disease resistance.【Methods】Several Cucurbita pepo L. varieties were used as experimental materials and germinated on MS medium（30.0 g/L sucrose and 6.5 g/L agar）for 3 d. The germination rates，contamination rates and bud lengths of different Cucurbita pepo L. varieties were analyzed. Using Hongchang 211 as the research object，in vitro rapid propagation was used to examine the effects of various cotyledon explant types and sizes，hormone ratios，and seedling cultivation techniques on in vitro regeneration of Cucurbita pepo L..【Results】In the seed germination test of different Cucurbita pepo L. varieties，Hongchang 211 had higher germination rate，more seeds with bud length exceeding 3 cm and lowest contamination rate. Using Hongchang 211 as the tissue culture material，taken 1/2 cotyledons close to the hypocotyl as explants had the best induction results. The primary culture hormone ratio of 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L TDZ（thidiazuron）resulted in the highest plant height（3.423 cm）and largest plant width（4.565 cm）. When the ratio of rooting hormone was 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA，the root length was the longest（5.72 cm），the root weight was the heaviest（0.602 g），the average number of roots was the largest（5.62），and the rooting rate was the highest（100%）. When the plant had 5 true leaves，the artificial climate chamber was partially opened for 1 d then fully opened for 1 d，the survival rate of transplanting reached 97.75%. After 60 d of transplanting，the disease indexes of powdery mildew and virus disease between tissue cultured seedlings and conventional seedlings were significantly different（P<0.05）. The regeneration cycle for tissue culture seedlings were roughly 45 d.【Conclusion】The tissue culture seedlings of Cucurbita pepo L. variety Hongchang 211 had short regeneration cycle and high disease resistance. The optimal ratio of primary culture hormone was 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L TDZ and the optimal ratio of rooting hormone was 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA. The plants had best transplanting result when they had 5 true leaves，the artificial climate chamber had been partially opened for 1 d then fully opened for 1 d.

【Objective】To understand the species,quantity and functions of medicinal plants on the Yuxi Normal University campus,so as to provide reference for the cognition and utilization of medicinal plants.【Methods】Comprehensive and on-the-spot investigation combined with literature search was used for statistics and analysis of the medicinal plant resources on the campus of Yuxi Normal University.【Results】On the campus of Yuxi Normal University,there were 85 species of medicinal plants,which were from 32 orders,43 families,and 79 genera. Of these,25 species of plants belonged to the Compositae. There were 50 species of medicinal plants with whole grass as the medicinal part and 29 species with the pharmacological activity of heat-clearing.【Conclusion】The campus of Yuxi Normal University is rich in medicinal plant resources,mainly Compositae plants.

【Objective】The effects of agronomic traits and forage quality of different oat varieties on their regeneration yield were clarified,which provided reference for the follow-up research and production practice of oat regeneration.【Methods】Taking 41 oat varieties as research materials,cutting at the heading stage of oats,the agronomic traits(plant height,flag leaf area,forage dry matter quality),forage quality traits(crude protein,crude fat,soluble sugar),regeneration capacity,and regeneration yield of oats were statistically analyzed,and the fuzzy mathematics membership function method was utilized to thoroughly evaluate the reproduction ability of oats.【Results】The coefficient of variation of plant height,flag leaf area and forage dry matter quality of oats cut at heading stage was 15.68%-22.83%.The coefficient of variation of crude protein content,crude fat content and soluble sugar content was 8.11% to 23.46%. The coefficient of variation of regeneration capacity and regeneration yield were 31.75% and 24.12%,respectively. The results of the correlation study revealed a positive correlation between the area of the flag leaf and the regeneration yield(P<0.05),a extreme positive correlation between the crude protein,crude fat,and soluble sugar contents and the regeneration yield(P<0.01)as well as a extreme positive correlation between regeneration capacity and regeneration yield(P<0.01). The top 10 species of oat,as determined by the thorough examination of 8 oat character indexes using fuzzy mathematics membership function method,were Monida,Baiyan No. 7,Aota,Mengte,Mengyan No. 1,Kuibeike,Beile,Qingyin No. 3,Tianyan No. 2 and Neiyan No. 5. Among them,Monida and Baiyan No. 7 had the best comprehensive characters,with strong regeneration capacity,good quality traits,and high regeneration yield. The full evaluation average value was 0.89、0.87.【Conclusion】When the oats were cut at heading stage,the crude protein content,crude fat content and soluble sugar content were positively correlated with the regeneration yield. The oat varieties with better regeneration capacity were Monida,Baiyan No. 7,Aota,Mengte,Mengyan No. 1,Kuibeike,Beile,Qingyin No. 3,Tianyan No. 2 and Neiyan No. 5.

【Objective】To explore the effect of canola water extract on the growth of the seedlings.【Methods】Using distilled water as the control,three concentrations（0.025,0.050,and 0.100 g/mL）of laboratory prepared canola water extract were set to analyze the effects on canola seed germination,seedling growth,main nutrients,and defense enzyme activity.【Results】Compared with the control,the canola water extract of 0.050 g/mL and 0.100 g/mL significantly（ P<0.05）reduced the seed germination rate of canola. At the concentration of 0.025 g/mL there were promotion effects on stem length,while at concentrations of 0.050 and 0.100 g/mL,there were inhibitory effects on stem length. All three concentrations had inhibitory effects on the root length of canola seedlings. As the concentration of canola water extract increased,the allelopathic comprehensive effects of canola were "low promotion and high inhibition". In comparison with the control,concentration of 0.100 g/mL significantly（ P<0.05）reduced the canola protein content. At concentration of 0.050 g/mL canola proline content was 115.39% higher than the control. The SOD activity of canola treated with different concentrations of water extract was significantly（ P<0.05）lower than the control. At the concentration of 0.025 g/mL,the POD activity of canola seedlings was significantly（ P<0.05）higher than the control. Different concentrations of water extract treatment had different effect on the variations in canola malondialdehyde content.【Conclusion】Strong autotoxicity existed in canola.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of various chemical and biological agents on potato Fusarium wilt and yield in field.【Methods】In a randomized blocks design，30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS（600，750，900 mL/hm²），Beinong No. 13 FSC（33.00，41.25，55.05 mL/hm²），40% thiophanate-methyl·fludioxonil FS（300.0，400.5，600.0 mL/hm²），Kunyijian microbial agent（1 125 g/hm²）and Yipu microbial agent（3 375 g/hm²） were set as test treatments and no treatment as control. Seedling emergence rate，disease control efficacy and yield were investigated and the traits differences were analyzed by software.【Results】There were no significant differences among treatments and the control（P>0.05），with all seedling emergence rate over 94.00% indicating no inhibition on patoto. 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS in 900 mL/hm² spray treatment and the seed dressing treatment of Beinong No. 13 FSC in 55.05 mL/hm² showed best control effect on the disease，with the control efficiency of 66.70% and 64.60%，respectively. The control efficiency of Kunyijian microbial agent and Yipu microbial agent were 59.66% and 58.00%，respectively. 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS in 900 mL/hm² spray and Kunyijian microbial agent treatment showed the biggest yield promotion effect with yield increased at 289.03，202.95 kg/hm² and yield promotion rate at 19.50% and 15.28%，respectively. While yield and yield promotion rate of 40% thiophanate-methyl·fludioxonil FS in 300.0 mL/hm² were 60.03 kg/hm² and 3.70%，respectively.【Conclusion】The agents were safe to potato. The spraying treatment of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS in 900 mL/hm²，seed dressing treatment of Beinong No. 13 FSC in 55.05 mL/hm²，and seed dressing treatment of Kunyijian microbial in 1 125 g/hm² showed higher control efficiency and yield promotion effect which will be effective agents for potato Fusarium wilt control.

Millet has balanced and high nutritional value. It is both food cereal and premium feed. This paper reviewed domestic and international research on millet primary nutrients，micronutrients，and bioactive substances，and discussed bio-availability and potential health characteristics of millet.It looked ahead to nutritional and economic value of millet，to serve as references for the development and application of its nutritional functions.

【Objective】To explore the research hotspots and future research directions of Illicium through searching and analyzing the relevant literatures on China National Knowledge Internet（CNKI）.【Methods】The relevant research literatures on Illicium in CNKI from 1990 to 2021 were sorted out by bibliometric method. 815 valid literatures were screened. VOSviewer software were used to statistical and visual analyse from 7 aspects including，the annual distribution，research level distribution（including discipline classification and project support funding），citation frequency，publishing journals，authors distribution，organizations with publication numbers in the Top 18 and keywords co-occurrence network analysis.【Results】In 1996 and 2006，the publications on Illicium collected by CNKI reached a small peak，with 18 and 30 papers respectively. After that，the volatility increased. The third peak was in 2009 with 57 papers. In 2014，there was a historical peak of 65 papers. The average number of publications from 2017 to 2021 was 42. In terms of subject classicfication，publications on Chinese pharmacy（313 papers），general chemical industry（135 papers）and light industry handicraft industry（130 papers）were the most. There were 274 papers supported by research fund，accounting for 33.62% of the total. 440 publications had been cited，accounting for 53.99% of the total. In terms of publishing journals，Chinese Condiment，Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Herbal Medicine were published more frequently with 45，16 and 14 papers published respectively. In terms of the authors，LIN Qi from the Institute of Botany，Chinese Academy of Sciences and MIAO Jianhua from the Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plants published most，with 14 papers each. The organizations with most number of publications were Guangxi University，Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangxi Forestry Research Institute，with 36，13 and 12 papers，respectively. Keywords co-occurrence network analysis showed that the publication on Illicium mainly focused on Illicium verum，including the research on volatile oil and biological activity.【Conclusion】Currently，the research hotspots of Illicium are mainly focused on basic research，such as Illicium verum，volatile oil，and antibacterial and analgesic drugs.

【Objective】To calculate the coordination development degree between agriculture and logistics industry in five northwest provinces（regions），analyze the influencing factors，and to provide references for promoting the coordinated development of the two.【Methods】Based on the relevant data of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions） from 2010 to 2020，the coupled coordination degree model was used to estimate the coupled coordination degree between agriculture and logistics industry，and the influencing factors of the coupled coordination degree were analyzed by the grey correlation analysis.【Results】In the past ten years，there had been an upward tendency in the development of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions）. The coupled coordination degree gradually transited from reluctant coordination to primary coordination. From regional perspective，Shaanxi was the first to reach coordination state，and progressing from intermediate coordination to good coordination. Xinjiang had gradually developed from reluctant coordination to intermediate coordination. Ningxia was in mild disorder during the study period. Gansu had developed from reluctant coordination to primary coordination. Qinghai was in moderate disorder during the study period. The analysis results of influencing factors revealed that the correlation degree between economic level，circulation level，resource level，policy support and coupled coordination degree was 0.736 0，0.851 0，0.652 5 and 0.748 5，respectively，and were the key factors influencing the coordinated development between agriculture and logistics industry.【Conclusion】The development of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions） were generally on the rise. Although there were significant gaps in the provinces（regions） and the development levels were still not high. The coordination between the agriculture and logistics industry in the provinces（regions） were in different degree and in the unstable stage. Circulation level had the most significant correlation with the coupled coordination degree of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions）.

【Objective】Screen the strains having antagonistic activity against carrot root rot pathogen and assess the indoor toxicity of 19 fungicides to carrot root rot.【Methods】The inhibition effect of the antagonistic strain on the pathogen of carrot root rot was determined by in vitro and in vivo antagonism method. The mycelium growth rate method was used to assess the indoor toxicity inhibitory effects of 19 fungicides on the pathogen.【Results】Bacillus atrophaeus DM3-18 had in vivo inhibitory rate of 72.17% on the carrot root rot pathogen. Out of the 19 fungicides,carbendazim had the best inhibitory activity against carrot root rot pathogen,with an EC₅₀ value of 0.002 8 mg/L;prochloraz,tebuconazole,thiophanate methyl,tridemorph,difenoconazole·propiconazole,trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole,and difenoconazole·azoxystrobin also had good inhibitory effects,with EC₅₀ value less than 20 mg/L;with an EC₅₀ value of 8 407.936 8 mg/L,metalaxyl-hymexazol had the worst inhibitory effect.【Conclusion】Bacillus atrophicus is an antagonistic strain for biological control of carrot root rot that has the potential for further development and application. Carbendazim has inhibitory impact on the carrot root rot pathogen and can be used to control the disease.

【Objective】Screening transcription factors related to soybean protein synthesis and forecasting potential genes and metabolic pathways for protein synthesis.【Methods】Using RNA-Seq technology,high-throughput sequencing of soybean seeds was carried out on Zhongdou 4901,a low protein soybean material,and Huaidou 98-28,a high protein soybean material.【Results】43.14 Gb Clean Data were obtained. Each sample had a data volume greater than 6.46 Gb,a GC content greater than 45.73%,a Q20 base percentage greater than 94.78%,and a Q30 base percentage greater than 88.53%. The data quality complied with the standards. 916 genes that were differentially expressed,248 of which were up-regulated and 668 were down-regulated. The screened differentially expressed transcription factors came from 26 transcription factor families,of which 4 families,b HLH,AP2/ERF,MYB,and B3,may contribute to soybean protein synthesis.【Conclusion】The Sec61 gene of protein conduction channel in the endoplasmic reticulum processing pathway of soybean protein was down regulated,resulting in the decrease of protein synthesis ability and decrease of protein content in some varieties. The Sec61 gene was thought to be the crucial gene for protein synthesis. Protein endoplasmic reticulum processing,thiometabolism,and glutathione metabolism were related metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the difference in protein content between varieties.

Leafy vegetables can satisfy people′s daily requirements to minerals, vitamins,and dietary fiber and therefore are essential ingredients for meals. Plant viruses severely threaten the production of leafy vegetables,causing yield and quality losses,even to crop failure. In this work,we reviewed the transmission,host range,genome organization and symptoms of 22 viruses which infect spinach,celery,lettuce,cauliflower,and leeks,made suggestions for antiviral genes selection and control of virus diseases, and provided references for the study and control of viruses in leafy vegetables.

【Objective】To explore the codon usage pattern of Fusarium oxysporum genome-wide and to assess the factors influencing the codon composition and coding characteristics.【Methods】Using software CodonW and R to analyze the codon preference and its influencing factors on genome-wide data from F. oxysporum.【Results】A total of 18 125 sequences was obtained. The average GC content of F. oxysporum was 51.46%. The ENC value ranged from 24.31 to 61.00,and 94.41% of the ENC values were more than 45. Leucine and Alanine were the major amino acids,and accounted for 8.86% and 8.29% respectively. While Tryptophan and Cysteine accounted for only 1.61% and 1.34% respectively. F. oxysporum had 33 high-frequency codons and 19 optimal codons,with the majority of the codons ending in G/C. The correlation study of basic codon parameters revealed that the correlation between GC1 and GC2 was extreme significant(P<0.01),while the correlation between GC3 and ENC was the strongest(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Natural selection is the primary factor influencing the codon preference of Fusarium oxysporum. The correlation between GC3 and ENC was the strongest. 33 high-frequency codons and 19 optimal codons primarily ending in G/C.

【Objective】To investigate a more sensible grazing and fertilization mode in mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensisgrassland and to serve as a guide for raising the quality of the forage.【Methods】In a random block design,the plant height,leaf fresh weight and leaf Ca,Fe,and Zn content were measured under various grazing conditions including different grazing intensity[no grazing(CK),light grazing,medium grazing,and heavy grazing],different grazing modes[no grazing(CK),cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,mixed grazing of cattle and sheep],as well as different fertilization modes[no fertilizer(CK),NPK compound fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,ammonium nitrate].【Results】Heavy grazing increased the Fe content of Leymus chinensis leaves by 76% compared with CK(P<0.05). Cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,mixed grazing of cattle and sheep increased the Fe content in Leymus chinensis leaves by 36%,174%,and 164% compared with CK(P<0.05). The Ca,Fe,and Zn content in Leymus chinensis leaves were unaffected by light or medium grazing,application of NPK compound fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,or ammonium nitrate. In comparison with CK,applying 75,150,225 kg/hm² NPK compound fertilizer and 1 500 kg/hm² humic acid,the plant height of Leymus chinensis rose by 10.0%,22.1%,28.5%,and 13.0%,respectively. When 150 and 225 kg/hm² NPK compound fertilizer were applied,the fresh weight of Leymus chinensis rose by 35.0% and 63.0%,respectively(P<0.05). The application of 75 kg/hm² of NPK compound fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm² of humic acid and in comparison with CK had no significant impact on the fresh weight of Leymus chinensis(P>0.05). The application of varying concentrations of ammonium nitrate had no significant effect on Leymus chinensis plant height and fresh weight(P>0.05).【Conclusion】For mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensis grassland heavy grazing,cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,and mixed grazing of cattle and sheep all encouraged the accumulation of Fe content in the leaves of Leymus chinensisand improved the feeding quality of Leymus chinensis. Applying NPK compound fertilizer and humic acid boosted the increase in plant height and fresh weight of Leymus chinensis.

Introducing tropical and subtropical maize varieties is a good strategy to expand the maize germplasm resources in China. However the exchange and use of maize germplasm resources at various latitudes of temperate，tropical，and subtropical regions are hampered by the variation in how maize germplasm reacts to day length and photoperiod. In recent years，maize photoperiodic pathway related genes have been continuously studied and cloned，but more research is needed to understand the photoperiodic regulatory network and molecular mechanisms. This paper summarized the genetic characteristics of maize photoperiod sensitivity and the mapping of photoperiod related genes，explained the cloning and function of maize photoperiodic pathway related genes with reference to Arabidopsis and rice，in order to provide reference for the research on regulation network and molecular mechanism of maize photoperiodic pathway.

【Objective】To find the optimum nitrogen application rate of Brassica oleracea var. capitata for high efficient cultivation in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The total amount control experiment of nitrogen fertilizer for Brassica oleracea var. capitata was conducted in Wuchuan County，Inner Mongolia. Using Zhonggan 628 as the experimental variety，five different nitrogen application treatments were set up，including nitrogen free zone（T1），70% optimized nitrogen zone（T2），optimized nitrogen zone（T3），130% optimized nitrogen zone（T4）and 160% optimized nitrogen zone（T5）. The yield，commercial net vegetable rate，commercial characters and economic benefits of Brassica oleracea var. capitata under different treatments were compared and analyzed.【Results】The commercial net vegetable yield of T4 treatment was the highest at 96 878.8 kg/hm²，followed by T3 treatment at 96 313.1 kg/hm²，and increased by 27.78% and 27.03% respectively compared with T1 treatment. The commercial net vegetable rate of T3 treatment was the highest at 78.24%，followed by T2 treatment at 77.32%. The plant development increased as the nitrogen fertilizer application increased，with T5 treatment having the highest growth at 42.78 cm，18.24% higher than T1 treatment. The single bulb weight of commercial plant in T4 treatment was the highest at 2.10 kg，followed by T3 treatment at 1.99 kg，33.76% and 26.75% higher than that in T1 treatment，respectively. The net income added value of T3 treatment was the highest at 21 644.6 yuan/hm²，with a production ratio of 1.0∶7.4，followed by T4 treatment at 21 455.0 yuan/hm²，with a production ratio of 1.0∶5.6. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in T3 treatment was the highest at 45.54 kg/kg，followed by T4 treatment at 36.00 kg/kg.【Conclusion】In order to promote the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency，the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate of Brassica oleracea var. capitata in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia was 450 kg/hm².

【Objective】To explore the effects of salt and drought stress on Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination，and to provide references for the study of artificial cultivation and stress tolerance of Allium mongolicum Regel.【Methods】Taking Allium mongolicum Regel seeds as test material，different concentrations of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ neutral salt mix solution and PEG-6000 solution were used to simulate salt and drought stress. The germination rate，germination potential，germination index and vitality index were tested. The functional equation created by the relative germination rate and each treatment concentration was used to determine the seed tolerance.【Results】Allium mongolicum Regel seeds germination indicators gradually decreased as salt and drought stress increased，and the initial germination time delayed. When the salt concentration was 75 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L，seeds germination time delayed to the day 3 and day 5，respectively，and the germination rate fell to 23.33% and 12.66%，respectively. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 15% and 20%，the seeds germination time delayed to day 3 and day 4，respectively，and germination rate fell to 38.66% and 25.33%，respectively. The salt tolerance and drought resistance semi-lethal osmotic potentials were -0.20 MPa and -3.80 MPa，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance limit osmotic potentials were -0.60 MPa and -7.38 MPa，respectively.【Conclusion】The seeds germination of Allium mongolicum Regel was not significantly suppressed under mild drought stress，with drought tolerance limit osmotic potential of -7.38 MPa. Low-permeability salt solution significantly inhibited Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination，with salt tolerance limit osmotic potential of -0.60 MPa.

【Objective】To seek for a simple，rapid and low-cost method of obtaining the phenotypic parameters of plant leaves.【Methods】Taking Solanum muricatum as an example，digital images of detached leaves were taken by scanner，and Image J software was used to measure phenotypic parameters. The results were compared to those obtained using the Digimizer software to verify the reliability of the method. Additionally the impact of image quality（image format and resolution）on software measurement results was also analyzed.【Results】In measuring the leaf area，leaf circumference，leaf length，and leaf width of Solanum muricatum，the standard root mean square errors（NRMSE） of the two software were 0.471%，1.103%，0.391% and 1.662%，respectively. The correlation coefficients were higher than 0.97. The measuring outcomes of the Image J software were somewhat impacted by the image quality. The impact on grayscale format or low resolution images was smaller than that on color format or high resolution images，but the superposition of the two factors will aggravate the impact.【Conclusion】The improved method by using scanner combined with Image J software to measure phenotypic parameters of plant leaves has the advantages of low cost，semi-automatic，quick and accurate as well as batch processing，which provided references for the measurement of phenotypic parameters of plant leaves.

【Objective】To analyse the causes of the contradiction between the coordinated development of rural economy and ecological environment in Liping County，Guizhou Province，and to provide a theoretical framework for the coordinated development of rural economy and ecological environment protection.【Methods】An evaluation index system for the coordination of rural economy and ecological environment was constructed based on the economic and social statistical data of Liping County，Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2020. The level of coordination between the development of the rural economy and the ecological environment was analyzed and evaluated using the entropy weighting method and the coupling coordination model.【Results】In Liping County，the comprehensive evaluation indices for the rural economy and ecological environment were 0 to 0.90 and 0.10 to 0.13 respectively，indicating an increase trend. The growth of the rural economy were ahead of the conservation of the ecological environment. The development of rural economy and ecological environment in Liping County bordered by 2015，had gone through two stages：phased imbalance and coordinated and coupled development. The coupling degree of the two systems ranged from 0.196 to 0.584 and their state of coupling was improving. The coupling coordination degree ranged from 0.096 04 to 0.752 64，with high coupling coordination degree and strong interaction degree.【Conclusion】The coordination degree of rural economy and ecological environment in Liping County had gradually changed from severe imbalance to moderate level of coordination. It is currently in the period of coupling adaptation. Economic growth was now being constrained by the ecological environment. To achieve sustainable development of the rural economy，the interaction between rural economic development and environmental preservation should be well coordinated in the future.

【Objective】To investigate the relationship between Platanus acerifolia expression level of COL5 homologous genes and dormancy regulation.【Methods】COL5 in the CO-Like gene family was selected as the research object. Gene-specific primers were used to amplify the full length of COL5 homologous genes in Platanus acerifolia adult plants. Platanus acerifolia annual seedling regulation experiment of dormancy environment was used to analyze the expression pattern of the genes under the conditions of short day light alone（24 ℃，8 h/16 h），low temperature alone（8 ℃，12 h/12 h），or low temperature and short day light（8 ℃，8 h/16 h）.【Results】The full length of PaCOL5-1 was 1 444 bp，including 1 134 bp CDS region，which was presumed to encode 377 amino acids. The full length of PaCOL5-2 was 1 371 bp，including 1 131 bp CDS region，which was presumed to encode 376 amino acids. The full length of PaCOL5-3 was 1 186 bp，including 1 125 bp CDS region，which was presumed to encode 374 amino acids. Low temperature alone inhibited the expression of PaCOL5-1. Both PaCOL5-1 and PaCOL5-3 responded to low temperature and short day light conditions，and had a peak after 7 d treatment. The response of PaCOL5-2 to low temperature and short day light conditions was not obvious.【Conclusion】PaCOL5-1，PaCOL5-2，and PaCOL5-3 had different gene expression levels in response to a single environmental stimulus. PaCOL5-1 and PaCOL5-3 genes may be involved in the response of dormant environmental factors.

Saline-alkali soil is a type of reserved farmland or grassland resource with poor or no productivity due to its physical，chemical properties and fertility issues，but has potential for improvement. The waste liquid created by laboratory during testing and analysis is known as the laboratory liquid waste，which is typically very acidic yet contains lots of nutrients. This paper described the current state of saline-alkali soil improvement and resource utilization as well as the sources and characteristics of laboratory liquid waste，introduced harmless treatment options for laboratory waste liquid，as well as the potential and specific cases of laboratory acidic waste liquid practical application in saline-alkali soil improvement，finally，looked forward to the application prospects of harmless treatment and resource utilization of laboratory waste liquid.