【Objective】To explore the effects of different microbial agents on potato growth and development and soil nutrients in potato fields,so as to provide a reference for green and sustainable potato planting in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Potato V7 was used as the test material,by setting distilled water（CK）,applying Bacillus sp. 188 bacterial agent（T1）, Pseudomonas sp. BP16 bacterial agent（T2）,and Streptomyces rochei D74 bacterial agent（T3） four treatments to soak the seeds for 30 min. Potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,nutrient accumulation per plant,leaf chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured at different growth stages after potato planting.【Results】After 110 days of potato planting,compared with CK,the yield of potato in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 7.14% and 9.16%（ P<0.05）,the starch content of tubers was significantly increased by 11.84% and 16.38%（ P<0.05）,the dry matter mass of potato roots,stems,leaves,and tubers were significantly increased by 26.87%,16.92%,11.77% and 13.59% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants was significantly increased by 28.86%,32.78% and 30.81% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）. After 70 days of potato planting,the chlorophyll content in potato leaves treated with T3 treatment was the highest [4.29 mg/（g·FW）],and the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves was significantly increased by 15.29% compared to CK（ P<0.05）. After 50 days of potato planting,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in T3 treatment reached its maximum value（42.32 mg/kg）,the available phosphorus content significantly increased by 26.17% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,and the available potassium content in T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 24.95% and 21.65% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,respectively.After 70 days of planting,the soil ammonium nitrogen content in T2 treatment significantly increased by 47.03% compared to CK（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Soaking seeds with Streptomyces rochei D74 microbial can increase potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,at agent tuber formation stage,the leaf chlorophyll content at maturation stage,soil nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available potassium content at early growth stage,soil ammonium nitrogen at agent tuber formation stage. It can be used as a suitable microbial agent for potato cultivation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content（ P<0.01）. The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest（ P<0.01）,and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature（ P<0.01）. The regression equation of grain dehydration rate （ y） with basic moisture content （ x ₁） and daily average temperature （ x ₂） was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732 x ₁+0.025 422 x ₂, R ²=0.419 2, P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P<0.01）,but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P>0.05）. There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height（ P>0.05）. The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.

【Objective】In order to investigate the effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soybean growth and development in Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia and the economic benefits,and provided a reference for soybean water and fertilizer management in this area.【Methods】The experiment will be carried out in the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulun Buir City from 2022 to 2023. Mengdou No. 48 was used as the test material,and three fertilization treatments were set up,conventional fertilization（CK）,increased application organic fertilizer（OF）,and increased application of microbial fertilizer（MF）,respectively. The experiment analyzed soybean growth traits,leaf SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield factor indexes,and calculated economic benefits,and calculated synergism and efficiency increase.【Results】The plant height,number of main stem nodes and effective branching number of soybean treated with OM were significantly higher than those treated with CK（ P<0.05）,and the bottom pod height of soybean treated with OM and MF was significantly lower than that treated with CK（ P<0.05）. The changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf SPAD value of soybean increased gradually with the progression of growth stage,and the performance was OM>MF>CK.Dry matter accumulation at podding stage,drumming stage and maturity stage was significantly higher under OM treatment than CK（ P<0.05）. The leaf SPAD value of OM treatment was significantly higher than CK at flowering stage,podding stage and druming stage（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the number of pod per plant,grain weight per plant,100-grain weight and effective plant number of soybean in OM and MF treatment were significantly higher than those in CK（ P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference between OM and MF treatment（ P>0.05）. Soybean yield has a extremely significant positive correlation with number of pod per plant,number of seeds per plant,grain weight per plant and effective plant number（ P<0.01）. Soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with whole growth period,plant height,number of main stem nodes,dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value and 100-grain weight（ P<0.05）. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with bottom pod height（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the soybean yield under OM treatment increased by 625.70 kg/hm ² and 599.60 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 21.20% and 19.30%,respectively.In addition,MF treatment increased production by 375.80 kg/hm ² and 237.10 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 10.40% and 3.80%,respectively.【Conclusion】In Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia,the best fertilizer mode for increasing soybean yield and efficiency was to apply organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer.

【Objective】Screening shade-tolerant soybean varieties（lines） suitable for maize-soybean intercropping planting mode in northern Jiangsu,and constructing an accurate and reasonable soybean shade tolerance evaluation system.【Methods】The natural shade environment created by maize-soybean intercropping in northern Jiangsu was used as the treatment,and the clear seed was used as the control. 12 agronomic traits such as plant height,pod height,and branch number of 24 soybean varieties（lines） were measured at maturity stage. Principal component analysis,membership function method,and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to construct shade tolerance coefficients and evaluate the comprehensive shade tolerance of each soybean variety（lines） under intercropping mode.【Results】Index of shade tolerance coefficient of 12 agronomic traits were transformed into 4 independent comprehensive indexes,representing 74.771% of the original data information. The results of comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation value（ D） and cluster analysis showed that 24 soybean varieties（lines） could be divided into 3 categories according to their adaptability under shade stress,including strong shade-tolerant（six varieties/lines）,moderate shade-tolerant（nine varieties/lines）and weak shade-tolerant（nine varieties/lines）. The regression equation of shade tolerance was constructed by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis： D=-1.158+0.062 X ₂+0.249 X ₅+0.201 X ₇+1.002 X ₁₀+0.665 X ₁₁（ R ²=0.972 2）,and the fitting accuracy was more than 89.14%. Five shade tolerance identification indexes of pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100-seed weight and yield were selected.【Conclusion】According to the shade tolerance ability,the 24 soybean varieties（lines） were divided into three categories：strong shade-tolerant,moderate shade-tolerant and weak shade tolerant. Under the maize-soybean intercropping model in northern Jiangsu,five traits,including pod height,number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,100 grain weight,and yield,can be selected for comprehensive evaluation of soybean shade tolerance. Under the maize-soybean intercropping mode in northern Jiangsu,five traits,including pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100 seed weight,and yield,could be selected to comprehensively evaluate the shade tolerance ability of soybean.

【Objective】Conduct genetic analysis of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems at the molecular level，to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems.【Methods】The study used 381 different types of maize inbred lines as associated populations and planted randomly in the experimental field of the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province in 2016 and 2017. The nutritional quality traits acid washing fiber（ADF），neutral washing fiber（NDF），and digestibility（IVDMD） were investigated during the heading，filling，and maturity stages. Using the Maize SNP50 gene chip，461 053 high-quality SNPs were obtained for genome-wide association analysis.【Results】Using the generalized linear model（GLM） analysis，a total of 392 significantly correlated stem nutritional quality traits SNPs（P<1.08×10^-7） were detected on 10 chromosomes of maize during different growth stages of the two years，with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.69% -17.34%. 97 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 77 candidate genes associated with stem nutritional quality traits. Using the mixed linear model（MLM）analysis，a total of 257 significantly correlated SNPs were detected over the two years（P<2.17×10^-6），with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.82% -20.20%. 17 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 82 candidate genes. Among them，10 overlap with GLM model candidate genes. A total of 159 candidate association genes were identified by GLM and MLM，among which 43 candidate genes were detected twice or more. Zm00001d021261 was found to be associated with ADF，NDF，and IVDMD in different years 31 times at multiple loci. This gene encoded ATP binding protein and chloroplast sensor kinase，had the highest expression in leaves at maturity stage. Zm00001d021255 was found to be associated with stem nutritional quality traits 10 times at two loci. This gene encoded cysteine rich receptor like protein kinase 25，which was only expressed in developmental internodes and female panicles，can be further studied and validated.【Conclusion】Using GLM and MLM models could quickly and effectively associate significant loci related to maize stem nutrient quality. HC-SNP could be screened through repetitive significant loci，and then associated gene enrichment regions could be excavated.

【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City，Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner（CK），quicklime（CaO），organic fertilizer（Organic），and organic fertilizer+quicklime（Organic+CaO）. The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits，dry matter accumulation，yield components，and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021，the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years，respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year，soil conditioner，and their interaction had extremely significant effect（P<0.01） on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher（P<0.05） kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with kernel number per ear （R²=0.614） and kernel number per hectare （R²=0.746）. Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height，ear height，and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index （LAI） increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However，from the yield prospective，when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning，continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

【Objective】Identify the phenotypic traits of different types of barley germplasm resources，to provide basis for breeding practice.【Methods】The diversity of 8 qualitative traits including seedling habits，leaf posture，plant type，ridge type，awn type，awniness，naked/cover and grain color of 99 barley germplasm resources were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Using descriptive statistics，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis，10 quantitative traits including plant height，growth period，tiller number，main spike length，main spike grain number，main spike grain weight，spike number per plant，grain number per plant，grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed.【Results】 There were abundant variations in the 8 qualitative traits. The variation range of 10 quantitative traits was 9.08%-43.16%，among which the variation coefficient of main spike grain number was the highest，and the variation coefficient of growth period was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01）correlations among multiple traits of the 99 barley germplasm. The germplasm population was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The 15 accessions in theⅠcategory had the characteristics of high stem，long main spike and long growth period. The 56 accessions in the Ⅱ category had the characteristics of low stalk，high spike number per plant，high tiller number and long main spike. The 26 accessions in theⅢcategory had the characteristics of high main spike grain weight，high main spike grain number and low 1 000-grain weight. There were 2 accessions in the Ⅳ category，characterized by high grain number per plant，high grain weight per plant，low 1 000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 72.39%.【Conclusion】 There were abundant genetic variations in 18 phenotypic traits of 99 barley germplasm resources，which could be divided into 4 categories. Breeding selection could be based on group characteristics.

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization，lodging resistance，harvest index，etc. By altering cell division and elongation，phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes，modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones（GA₃，IAA，BR），in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021，four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County and Dongyang Town，Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design，the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County，Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits，strong photosynthetic characteristics，high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles，and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9（CK），respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town，Yuci District，the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage，while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806（CK），the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%，respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length，but positively correlated with ear length，number of grains per ear，100-grain weight，and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30，Dika 159，and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

【Objective】Study the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang,to provide references for promoting green development of agriculture and rural areas and achieving the“dual carbon”goals in the region.【Methods】Using 19 types of carbon sources from plantation,livestock and agricultural energy end-consumption as raw data,the agricultural carbon emissions and carbon emission intensities of Xinjiang from 2007 to 2021 were measured. Using 15 types of carbon sources from plantation and livestock as raw data,the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensities of fourteen prefectures（cities） in Xinjiang in 2010,2015,and 2020 were measured. The driving factors were analyzed by the LMDI（logarithmic mean divisia index） model. The grey prediction model was used to predict the trend of agricultural carbon emissions development in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2030.【Results】During 2007 to 2021,Xinjiang agricultural carbon emissions had the overall trend of“steady-increasing-decreasing-increasing”,while carbon emission intensities had the overall trend of “decreasing-increasing-decreasing”. In 2010,2015 and 2020,Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture had the highest total carbon emissions,Karamay had the lowest total carbon emissions,Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture had the highest carbon emission intensities. Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture had the lowest carbon emission intensities in 2010. Turpan had the lowest carbon emission intensities in 2015 and 2020. The impacts of driving factors on agricultural carbon emissions were：agricultural economic level effect > agricultural structure effect > agricultural population scale effect > agricultural production efficiency. From 2022 to 2030,the agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang were predicted to have an increasing trend while the intensities have a decreasing trend.【Conclusion】From 2007 to 2021,the total agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang showed an overall upward trend,while the agricultural carbon emission intensity showed an overall downward trend. Agricultural economic level effect promoted the increase of agricultural carbon emissions,while agricultural structure effect,agricultural population scale effect,and agricultural production efficiency restrained the increase of agricultural carbon emissions. It was predicted that from 2022 to 2030,the agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang will increase year by year,while the agricultural carbon emission intensities will decrease year by year. Xinjiang agricultural carbon reduction and fixation has enormous potential.

【Objective】To screen soybean varieties with high yield,superior quality and strong resistance suitable for planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】Variety comparison experiment was conducted on 20 soybean varieties provided by the Institute of Hulun Buir Agricultural Science to analyze the yield and quality traits. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate different soybean varieties.【Results】Cluster analysis divided the 20 varieties into three categories. The first category（Mengdou 50,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 49,Dengke No. 1,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 912,Mengdou 57,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 1137,Mengdou 43,and Mengdou 160） comprehensively displayed the characteristics of high yield and high fat content,that was,high yield and superior quality. The second category（Mengdou 53,Mengdou 54,Mengdou 343,Mengdou 46,Mengdou 48,Mengdou 15,Neidou No. 4） had low yield and moderate quality. The third category（Dongnong 690） had high yield and low fat content. Principal component analysis showed that the yield factor and grain factor had contribution rates of 45.298% and 41.496%,respectively. The effective pods per plant,total seeds per plant,yield per plant,plot yield,fat content,and 100-seed weight all had high contribution.【Conclusion】Based on the results of principal component comprehensive evaluation ranking and cluster analysis,combined with comprehensive factors such as variety growth period and resistance,eight soybean varieties with good comprehensive performance were selected,including Mengdou 50,Mengdou 43,Mengdou 1137,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 49,and Dengke No. 1. These soybean varieties were suitable for demonstration and promotion planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】To screen excellent millet varieties suitable for planting in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using 8 millet varieties as research objects and split plot experiment design，two treatments of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation and water deficit were set up. The growth characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties were compared and analyzed by principal component analysis.【Results】Pre-seedling supplemental irrigation significantly affected the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties. Compared with water deficit treatment，Jinmiao K1 had the highest （6.56%） seedling emergence rate，followed by Zhangzagu No. 13（4.44%）；Jinmiao K1 and Zhangzagu No. 13 had better plant height performance，at 30.5 cm and 30.3 cm，respectively，increased by 15.21% and 6.27% and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05）；Zhangzagu No. 13 had better stem diameter and dry matter accumulation at 5.45 mm and 0.598 g，respectively，increased by 12.60% and 5.65%，and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05），followed by Jinmiao K1，which increased by 16.56% and 4.98%，respectively. Under the water deficit treatment，the leaf area index of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were less affected by drought at 0.94 and 0.83，respectively；the relative chlorophyll content of Zhangzagu No. 13 was the highest at 51.18. The stomatal conductance of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 was better under both treatments，significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.45% and 4.36% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. The net photosynthetic rates of Jigu 168 and Jinmiao K1 were significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05）. Under water deficit treatment，Zhangzagu No. 13 had the best net photosynthetic rate at 33.18 μmol/（m²·s），which was 1.99% lower than that of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation. The transpiration rates of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were better and significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.39% and 3.79% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 had better water use efficiency under both treatments. Water deficit led to an increase in leaf photosynthetic water use efficiency，the two varieties increased by 11% and 7%，respectively.【Conclusion】Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 could be promoted as the dominant varieties of millet for drought resistance and seedling protection in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】Investigate the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture,heat dynamics as well as maize dry matter accumulation and yield,to provide theoretical support for maize production in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using random block design,four tillage methods were set up,including conventional ridge cropping（CP）,straw off-field no-tillage（NT）,straw mulching no-tillage（RNT）,and straw mulching strip tillage（RST）. Throughout the maize growth stages in 2021—2022,the soil temperature,soil moisture content and maize dry matter accumulation were monitored and measured. Yield was determined at harvest.【Results】Compared with CP,NT,RNT and RST reduced the average soil temperature and 0-5 cm soil active accumulated temperature in the maize growth stages. The 0-5 cm average soil active accumulated temperature of NT and RNT significantly decreased by 69.81 and 127.52 ℃（ P<0.05）,respectively in the two years,while RST only decreased by 18.94 ℃ with no significant difference（ P>0.05）. RNT and RST significantly increased soil water content during the maize growth period,with RNT increasing 107.75 and 74.14 mm and RST increasing 71.50 and 37.89 mm compared to CP and NT,respectively. RST increased maize emergence by an average of 1.58%,9.28% and 9.11% compared to NT,CP and RNT respectively. Both dry matter accumulation and yield at maize maturity stage were RST>NT>CP>RNT in the two years. In comparison to CP,NT and RNT,the dry matter accumulation in RST increasing by 11.68%,4.47% and 12.69%,yield increased by 6.06%,4.22% and 7.21%,and water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 7.63%,5.61% and 6.52%,respectively.【Conclusion】Straw mulching strip tillage had better effect in temperature increasing and soil moisture preserving,significantly increased maize dry matter accumulation and yield,was one of the tillage methods to increase maize yield and efficiency in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To quantitatively analyze the yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province and clarify the space for increasing yield and improving utilization efficiency of resource of wheat following rice.【Methods】Four cultivation patterns：super high yield（SH）,high yield and high efficiency（HH）,farmer pattern（FP）and inherent soil productivity（ISP）and three difference levels：first-level yield gap（FP-ISP）,second-level yield gap（HH-FP）,and third-level yield gap（SH-HH） were set up in wheat following rice areas along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of over-wintering stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage,filling stage and maturity stage were determined and the effective ear number,kernels per ear,1 000-grain weight and economic coefficient,as well as yield were measured at maturity stage.【Results】Along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,the first-level yield gap（FP-ISP） of wheat following rice was the largest,with an average of 3 009.6 kg/hm ². The second-level yield gap and the third-level yield gap were 768.5 and 758.0 kg/hm ²,respectively. Yield gaps varied among different wheat following rice planting regions,with the first-level yield gap decreased gradually from north to south,the second-level yield gap increased slightly from north to south,and the third-level yield gap in the north slightly higher than that of the south. The yield gap of the different levels varied greatly among different years. The effective measures to narrow the first-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number,kernels per ear,biological yield,economic coefficient and leaf area index in jointing stage.The effective measures to narrow the second-level yield gap were the enhancement of kernels per ear,biological yield and dry matter in anthesis stage. The effective measures to narrow the third-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number and economic coefficient. Sink number,sink volume,leaf area index in over-wintering stage and jointing stage and dry matter accumulation after flowering were extremely significantly positive correlated（ P<0.01） with the yield of wheat following rice. Nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,light and accumulative temperature utilization efficiency increased with the improvement of yield.【Conclusion】Increasing grain sink number,expanding sink capacity and improving grain sink quality were the effective means to narrow the yield gap and increase yield of wheat following rice in Anhui Province.

【Objective】The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the BvCENH3 gene in sugar beet aiming to establish an efficient genome editing system.【Methods】Taking sugar beet BvCENH3 gene as the editing target,double candidate targets were selected to construct gene editing vector. Transgenic sugar beet plants were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Next generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify the mutation types and droplet digital PCR was employed to screen low-copy mutant plants.【Results】82 transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained,40 of which were successfully edited,with an editing efficiency of 48.78%. Target 1 was more efficient than target 2. There were five mutation types,including single base substitution（T→G、A→C） and base deletion（TC、TCTC deletion）. 23 low-copy edited plants were selected,with BvCENH3 insertion copy numbers ranging from 1.1 to 1.9.【Conclusion】Successfully edited BvCENH3 in sugar beet with 40 BvCENH3 gene mutants obtained. Preliminary established sugar beet genome editing system,laying theoretical and technical foundations for sugar beet haploid breeding.

【Objective】To screen naked oat varieties（lines） suitable for cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia and lay a theoretical foundation for the introduction of oat varieties,breeding,demonstration and promotion of new varieties in the area.【Methods】Using 12 newly bred naked oat varieties（lines） in China as experimental material,in single factor randomized block experiments,the growth period,main agronomic traits,yield and quality traits of the different oat varieties（lines） were analyzed.【Results】All of the 12 naked oat varieties（lines） tested could mature normally in the local area. The varieties（lines） with better main agronomic traits were：201229-1-2,Zhangyou No.8,Bayou No.18. Bayou No.18 had better performance in plant height（136.10 cm）,main panicle length（22.03 cm）,grain weight per spike（2.94 g）,tiller number（3.58） and 1000-grain weight（30.14 g）. 201229-1-2 performed better in tiller number（4.20）,spikelet number（35.73） and grain weight per spike（2.06 g）. Zhangyou No.8 had better performance in 1 000-grain weight（30.14 g）. The varieties（lines）with better yield performance were Bayou No.18,201229-1-2 and Baiyan No.16,at 3 250.05,3 330.00 and 3 157.80 kg/hm ²,respectively. The varieties（lines） with better quality traits were Zhangyou No.9（highest protein content at 16.57%）,Jinyan No.18（highest β-glucan content at 5.00%）,Weiduyou No.5（highest starch content at 61.98%）,and 201229-1-2（highest crude fat content and grain bulk density at 5.51% and 709.00 g/L）. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of Bayou No.18,Baiyan No.16,Zhangyou No.8,and 201229-1-2 were higher,with relatively prominent yield traits and nutritional quality traits.【Conclusion】The naked oat varieties（lines） with better comprehensive traits were Bayou No. 18,Baiyan No. 16,Zhangyou No. 8,and 201229-1-2. They were suitable for promotion and cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,with Bayou No. 18 being particularly prominent.

【Objective】To screen the suitable maize planting density and varieties in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,and provide reference for the improvement of maize yield per unit area based on this.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia from 2022 to 2023. A two-factor randomized block design was adopted,and the main treatment was plant density（D1：90 000 plants/hm ²,D2：97 500 plants/hm ²,D3：105 000 plants/hm ²,D4：112 500 plants/hm ²,D5：120 000 plants/hm ²）,and varieties were sub-treated（Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268,Jinyuan 118）. The effects of different densities on agronomic traits,yield components and yield of each maize variety were analyzed,and their economic benefits were calculated.【Results】At 5 densities,the reproductive growth of Sitai 112 was 3 days earlier than that of other varieties. At D3 density,Mingyu 268 plant height and ear height both were the highest,which were 3.18 and 1.33 cm,respectively. At D5 density,the lodging rate and hollow bar ratio of Mingyu 268 both were the highest,which were 30.40% and 14.21%,respectively. With the increase of density,the ear length of each variety gradually decreased and the values of Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268 and Jinyuan 118 reached the maximum at the density of D1,which were 20.10,21.55,18.75 and 20.85 cm,and there was no significant difference in ear diameter among varieties（ P>0.05）. At the density of D1 and D2,the yield and net income of Sitai 112 were highest,which were 14.68,15.01 t/hm ² and 27 394,28 017 yuan/hm ². At the density of D3 and D4,the yield and net income of Lilong 170 were highest,which were 17.09,17.00 t/hm ² and 32 504,32 206 yuan/hm ². At the density of D5,the yield and net income of Jinyuan 118 were highest,which were 13.13 t/hm ² and 23 585 yuan/hm ².【Conclusion】In Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,the high-yield cultivated varieties were Sitai 112 at 90 000 and 97 500 plants/hm ²,Lilong 170 at 105 000 and 112 500 plants/hm ²,and Jinyuan 118 at 120 000 plants/hm ².

Sea buckthorn is widely planted in the northwest region of China,and its fruit contains abundant phenolic compounds,sugars,vitamins,etc. It has antioxidant and anti-aging,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor,skin health and other effects. As a medicinal and edible plant,sea buckthorn fruit is used in industries such as food,medicine,agriculture,and animal husbandry. The article provides an overview of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn fruit,aiming to lay the foundation for further exploration and utilization of sea buckthorn fruit resources.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil bacterial community in Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.【Methods】Four corn straw returning modes including subsoiling returning straw（SSR）,deep spin returning straw（SCR）,deep tillage returning straw（DPR）,no-tillage returning straw（NTR）,and farmer′s shallow rotation（CK）were the positioning tests. Soil bacterial community diversity was investigated by 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology,and its correlation with soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】There were significant effects in soil bacterial diversity and community composition among different straw returning treatments（ P<0.05）,in which,NTR treatment significantly enhanced the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes（ P<0.05）,the abundance of Chloroflexi in DPR treatment was significantly increased（ P<0.05）,and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. That the straw returing treatments could significantly improve the soil physicochemical properties and increase soil enzyme activities,among which SSR treatment had the most significant improvement effect（ P<0.05）. RDA analysis found that the main physicochemical properties that drive the composition of the soil bacterial community were alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium,cation exchange capacity,compaction and bulk density, Arthrobacter, Gaiella, Solirorobacter, Streptomyces were susceptible to soil environmental factors.【Conclusion】The straw returning has a positive effect on the improvement of the soil biological community in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.

Quinoa has multiple health effects such as antioxidant,anti-cancer,anti-allergy,sugar control,lipid regulation,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,etc.Quinoa is a multi-grain food with full nutrients,high biological activity and multi-health functions,and has a large development space. This paper reviews the protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid,complex vitamins such as vitamin B ₂,vitamin B ₆,and folic acid,minerals such as Mg,Zn,and Fe,and bioactive substances such as polyphenols,flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides in quinoa,and analyzes other functions and development prospects of quinoa. And put forward the scientific and technological research suggestions of quinoa in the big health industry.

Corn silk is the dried filaments and stigmas of female flowers of Gramineae plant maize. It contains various functional components such as flavonoids，polysaccharides，saponins，sterols，and organic acids. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine，corn silk is often used to treat diseases such as edema，cystitis，gout，kidney stones，nephritis，and prostatitis. This article reviewed the bioactive components，efficacy，and extraction methods of active ingredients of corn silk，and prospected the basic and applied research on the bioactive components of corn silk，in order to provide references for further in-depth research and related product development in the field.

【Objective】Clarify the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality and screen for excellent varieties of taste type tomatoes，to provide references for constructing quality evaluation systems of taste type tomatoes.【Methods】Using 17 taste type tomato varieties as experiment materials，10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality were tested. Factor analysis，stepwise regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to screen for the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality. The quality of taste type tomatoes were then comprehensively evaluated.【Results】The variation of aromatic substance content was the largest among the 10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality，with a variation coefficient of 66.49%. With a variation coefficient of 9.56%，the variation of fruit vertical diameter was the smallest. The comprehensive quality analysis of the 10 indexes obtained 3 common factors，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.267%. The explanatory indexes were fruit soluble solids content，reducing sugar content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content，sugar-acid ratio and titratable acid content. According to the correlation between indexes，and the principle of easy to use and avoiding information overlap，four indexes of fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio were selected as the representative indexes to evaluate the quality traits of taste type tomatoes. Using common factor scores and variance contribution rates，the comprehensive quality ranking of the varieties were calculated，and 7 high-quality taste type tomato varieties were selected.【Conclusion】Fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio could be used as representative indexes to evaluate taste type tomatoes. The quality traits of Hangfengaotang，700，1933，Meidai，2001，Tianlian and Jingfan No.1 were better.

【Objective】To constructed the quality evaluation methods of Epimedii Folium from different sources.【Methods】High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the four flavonoids of epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C and icariin of the 30 batches of Epimedii Folium samples. The content of total flavonoids in the samples were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer（UV）,and the alcohol soluble extract and total ash were also measured. Using grey relational analysis（GRA） combined with SPSS 27.0 and Simca 14.1 software for principal component analysis and cluster analysis,evaluate the quality of Epimedii Folium from different sources.【Results】The optimal reference sequence correlation,the worst reference sequence correlation and the relative correlation of the 30 batches of Epimedii Folium samples were 0.26-0.62,0.35-0.76 and 0.27-0.63,respectively. The results of principal component analysis show that the eigenvalues of the three principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were 3.179,1.964 and 1.185,respectively. The variance contribution rates were 39.733%,24.554% and 14.818%,respectively. The cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.102%. In the cluster analysis,when the square Euclidean distance was 5,the samples were divided into 6 categories.【Conclusion】The GRA method combined with SPSS 27.0 and Simca 14.1 can evaluate the quality of Epimedii Folium comprehensively and reliably.

Wheat is one of the important food crops globally and has significant implications for the development of China economy. Soil salinization can induce high pH stress，osmotic stress，ionic toxicity and oxidative damage in wheat，which inhibit the normal physiological and metabolic activities of wheat，leading to the limitation of its growth and development and reduction of yield. The article summarizes the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on growth，cell structure and physiology and biochemistry of wheat，and describes the response mechanism of wheat to saline and alkaline stresses，with the aim of providing reference for improving the saline-alkali tolerance of wheat.

Millet has the value of diet therapy and medicinal use.This paper gives an overview of the nutritional components such as protein,fat,starch,dietary fiber,vitamins,minerals and the bioactive substances such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,yellow pigments,sterols in millet,and analyzes the special nutritional components,functions and development and application of millet,with the aim providing reference for better mining the comprehensive value of millet and utilizing millet resources.

The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is an important ecological security barrier to curb desertification and sandification east to South in China,which is of great strategic significance to national food security and border stability. For a long time,the problems of farmland desertification degradation and productivity decline caused by serious soil wind erosion and over-cultivation have become increasingly prominent. The technology of straw crushing and covering surface wind erosion prevention has been carried out at home and abroad. The application of straw in the agro-pastoral ecotone is easy to blow away the soil and the stability of wind erosion control is poor. Therefore,the in-depth study of straw mulching technology for wind erosion prevention is of great significance in farmland ecological management. The paper discusses straw mulching techniques such as stubble mulching,broken straw mulching and stubble-straw composite mulching on wind erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization,elucidates the effects of straw mulching on soil microbial community structure and crop agronomic traits and yield traits,summarizes the innovative content and application effects of stubble-straw composite mulching technology,and clarifies the effect and suitability of the wind erosion prevention by the differentiated stubble-straw composite precision mulching technology created in combination with the ecological characteristics of agro-pastoral ecotone and complex farming systems.The differentiated stubble-straw composite precise mulching technology has become the leading technology in major projects such as black soil protection in Northeast China,national farmland protection and quality improvement,and has been widely promoted and applied,providing important scientific and technological support for farmland protection and utilization,and national food security.

【Objective】 To explore the improvement effect of adding sheep manure and humic acid on saline-alkali land in Hebei Province.【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Lincheng County,Hebei Province,and five treatments were set up： no fertilization （CK）,single application of compound fertilizer （T1）,compound fertilizer with sheep manure （T2）,compound fertilizer with humic acid （T3）,and compound fertilizer with sheep manure and humic acid （T4）. The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility,wheat yield,soil physical properties,enzyme activities and microorganisms were analyzed.【Results】 Compared with CK,soil fertility was significantly improved by all treatments,and the maximum increase of T4 treatment was 154.81%. Wheat yield was significantly increased by 58.52%,89.25%,83.96%,108.81% （ P<0.05）,and T4 treatment had the best effect. It can reduce soil pH value,soluble salt concentration （EC） and bulk density. T4 treatment has significant effect,and the maximum reduction was 6.72%,21.75% and 7.75%,respectively. Soil porosity could be improved,and the maximum increase of T4 treatment was 33.94%. Soil enzyme activity was significantly increased（ P<0.05）,and the maximum increase of T4 treatment was 142.41%. The number of fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes and the total amount of microorganisms in soil could be increased by T4 treatment,and the maximum increase was 158.10%,147.32%,117.99% and 145.25%,respectively.【Conclusion】 Adding application of sheep manure and humic acid can improve soil fertility saline alkali land,increase wheat yield,improve soil physical properties,increase soil enzyme activity and microbial total amount,and can be used as an effective means to improve saline-alkali soil in Lincheng County,Hebei Province.

The leaf chlorophyll content of maize is used to characterize crop growth status，nitrogen nutrition and health status，and is an effective indicator for crop growth evaluation and production potential evaluation. The article summarized the vertical distribution research methods，vertical distribution characteristics，and causes of vertical distribution patterns of maize leaf chlorophyll content in different leaf positions，in order to provide theoretical support for exploring the research methods of maize leaf chlorophyll content vertical distribution.

Microbial fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer product with active microorganisms as the main component，which can improve soil fertility，promote plant growth and development，and enhance plant resistance. This paper summarized the development history of microbial fertilizer domestically and internationally，introduced the effect of microbial fertilizer on soil physical，chemical，and biological properties，as well as plant growth and development，yield，quality and resistance. Additionally，the application prospects were prospected to provide references for the subsequent rational application of microbial fertilizers.

【Objective】Study the dynamic accumulation and distribution differences characteristics of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains,this could provide a reference for the breeding and production of specialized high-quality maize varieties.【Methods】Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 were chosen as the experiment material. The grains within the ear were collected 12 days after pollination,collected grains every 7 days,dry them to constant weight,maize grains protein,fat,and starch content were rapidly detected by near-infrared spectroscopy,to analyse the correlation between the dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch,and to compare the differences in the dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content between spring sowing and summer sowing.【Results】The protein content of maize grains decreased sharply in spring sowing and then stable variation,while it increased again in summer sowing,showed a wave like pattern;the fat content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing first increased and then decreased,the starch content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing increased gradually with grain development,the total protein and fat content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains gradually decreased overall. The accumulation rate dynamic of protein,fat,and starch in spring sowing and summer sowing grains showed a zigzag pattern. The distribution of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed an overall pattern of starch>protein>other>fat from 12 to 19 days after pollination of spring sowing,From 26 to 47 days after pollination,it basically showed starch>other>protein>fat.After pollination 12-18 days of summer sowing,the overall appearance showed starch>protein>other>fat,from 19 to 47 days after pollination,the basic appearance was starch>other>protein>fat. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the dynamic accumulation of protein,fat,and starch（ P<0.01）.【Conclusion】The dynamic accumulation and distribution of grains protein,fat,and starch of Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 in spring sowing and summer sowing were greatly affected by the environment. The dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with each other.

【Objective】Study the relevant nutrients of tomato sensory quality evaluation to establish a simple model for the determination of tomato sensory quality.【Methods】19 tomato varieties were tested for 8 nutrients，and 5 sensory evaluation indexes were investigated by questionnaires. Correlation analysis，principal component analysis （PCA） and regression analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】Except zinc，7 of the 8 nutrients had correlation coefficients greater than 0.300 with sensory quality. The correlation coefficients between soluble solid and score，vote，taste，aroma intensity，pulp texture，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes were greater than 0.400，and the correlations were stable and prominent. Soluble sugar was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with score，vote，taste and aroma intensity in large tomatoes，while the correlation were not obvious in cherry tomatoes. Water content was negatively correlated with score，vote，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes. Principal component analysis summarized the 11 evaluation indicators into 3 principal components，with an accumulated variance contribution rate of 74.939%. A simple model was obtained through multivariate linear regression analysis：tomato sensory quality predicted score =93.039-0.304 × vitamin C content -0.179 × lycopene content -0.621 × iron content +2.314 × soluble solid content -1.585 × titratable acid content.【Conclusion】A rapid，simple and quantitative determination model of tomato sensory quality based on nutrients was established.

Systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides in plants is a crucial process for effective pest and disease control. Understanding the behavior and research methodologies of pesticide translocation within plants is essential for optimizing pesticide application and enhancing control efficacy. This review summarizes the processes of pesticide uptake,translocation,accumulation,and degradation in plants. Factors influencing systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides are discussed from four perspectives：physicochemical properties,molecular structure characteristics,pesticide adjuvants,and application methods. Recent research methodologies for studying pesticide translocation are also reviewed,including residue analysis,bioassay,radioactive isotope tracing,fluorescence tracing,and mass spectrometry imaging. This review aims to provide theoretical references for future research on systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides and the safe and rational application of pesticides.

【Objective】To provide convenience for the identification,monitoring and precise extraction of large-scale crops in the region by analyzing the spectral characteristics of major crops in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Based on the remote sensing data of Zhuhai No.1 hyperspectral satellite,the spectral characteristics of land cover in reclamation area of Alar City,southern Xinjiang were analyzed. Two dimensional（wavelength-reflectance） spectral spatial models and three dimensional（phase-wavelength-reflectance） spectral spatial models were constructed by extracting information from analyzed end-member spectrum features,then analyzed the spectral characteristics of crops such as cotton and corn in the reclamation area from April to October.【Results】Based on the spectral curve characteristics of the same region at different times,the growth cycles of crops planted in the farmland of the reclamation area including the slow seedling stage,peak stage,and fruiting stage were determined. By calculating the mean value of land cover spectral curve,the average spectral curve was constructed to reflect its overall reflectance characteristics in a specific period of time. The overall reflectance of cotton was higher than that of corn and jujube trees. The absorption capacity of rice was noticeably stronger in the infrared band range. The spectral curves of sandy land and water body tend to be smooth and stable. Based on time,the maximum spectral reflectance curve could highlight the characteristics of crops,with cotton having higher reflectance,corn having lower reflectance,and rice having relatively stable reflectance. The spectral reflectance profile curves at a single time point during the vegetation growth cycle all followed the characteristics of vegetation spectral curves,with visible light range being valleys and peaks appearing in the near-infrared range. Major crops such as cotton,jujube,corn,and rice had similar overall spectral surface trends in the three dimensional spectral spatial model. The overall reflectance of sandy land and water body was not high,mostly concentrated below 25%,and their spectral reflectance curves had their own characteristics.【Conclusion】In different growth stages of crops in the reclamation area of Alar City in southern Xinjiang,the reflectance of different wavelengths was different. In the slow seedling stage,the light absorption capacity of visible light band was weak,and the reflectance was high. During the peak stage of vegetation,the light absorption capacity in the visible light band was relatively strong,and the reflectance was relatively low. Sandy land had relatively constant reflectance compared with that of crops. The overall variation range of water body reflectance was not large and the value was not high.

Oats exhibit a wealth of carbohydrates,soluble dietary fiber,proteins,lipids,phenolic compounds,alkaloids,vitamins,and minerals. Among these,avenanthramide are compounds exclusively found in oats. This paper primarily reviewed the research progress related to nomenclature,classification,extraction methods,synthesis,content enhancement,structure-activity and antioxidant activity,as well as the bioavailability,and physiological activity of avenanthramide. It prospected the functional value of avenanthramide in food health and clinical medicine,as well as the optimization of chemical synthesis processes,aiming to offer insights for the development and utilization of avenanthramide.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,also known as yam,is a traditional medicinal and edible crop. Chinese yam polysaccharides are the main active substances in yam,which have effects such as lowering blood sugar,regulating immunity,antioxidation,and anti-tumor. The article summarizes the extraction methods of Chinese yam polysaccharides,discusses the biological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides,and its research was prospected. In order to provide reference for promoting the production and application of Chinese yam polysaccharides.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of drought on the growth，yield of different potato varieties and evaluate their drought resistance.【Methods】Plant height，stem diameter，leaf area index，chlorophyll content（SPAD value），dry matter accumulation，root-shoot ratio and yield were measured for 8 potato varieties treated with normal irrigation and drought stress. Using principal component analysis and membership function method，the comprehensive drought resistance measure（D） was calculated. The drought resistance of different potato varieties were then comprehensively evaluated.【Results】Under drought stress，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf area index and yield of the different potato varieties were all lower than those of normal irrigation treatment，while SPAD values were higher. The indexes of Dafeng No. 10 and Xisen No. 6 had no significant differences with normal irrigation treatment or small decreases，while the indexes of Luyin No.1，Dafeng No. 9 and Jizhangshu No. 12 were significantly lower than those of normal irrigation treatment. Different varieties had clear differences in the indexes. Xisen No. 6 had the best plant height and stem diameter of 64.20 cm and 12.63 mm，respectively. Luyin No. 1 had the lowest plant height of 49.53 cm. Jizhangshu No. 12 had the smallest stem diameter of 10.13 mm. Huasong No. 7 had the highest SPAD value of 53.03，while Jizhangshu No. 12 had the lowest at 39.73. Dafeng No. 10 performed best in leaf area index，dry matter accumulation，root-shoot ratio and yield of 1.88，170.80 g/plant，0.12，and 34 750 kg/hm²，respectively. Jizhangshu No. 12 had the worst leaf area index，root-shoot ratio and yield of 0.94，0.08，and 18 750 kg/hm². At 121.78 g/plant，Dafeng No. 9 had the lowest dry matter accumulation. Dafeng No. 10 and Xisen No. 6 had high drought resistance indexes of 0.986 and 0.756，respectively. Two principal components were obtained through principal component analysis：the first contributed 57.807% and the eigenvalue was 5.203，and the second contributed 20.281% and the eigenvalue was 1.825. Under drought stress，the comprehensive drought resistance measure of Dafeng No. 10 was the largest，1.000.【Conclusion】Based on the growth，yield，and the comprehensive drought resistance measure of different potato varieties，Dafeng No. 10 showed strong drought resistance.

【Objective】To investigate the release patterns of heavy metals in the soils around tailings in western Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The leaching release characteristics of heavy metals Cu,Zn,As and Pb in the soil around tailings in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia were investigated by leaching experiments. Four treatments,0（CK）,1%,2% and 3% humic acid addition were set up. Heavy metal leaching kinetics experiments were carried out using column leaching apparatus,then fitted with the first order kinetic equation,modified Elovich equation,double constant rate equation and parabolic diffusion equation.【Results】Humic acid addition increased the content of the four heavy metals in the organic bound state in the soil by 0.78%-86.83% compared to CK. The leaching amount of all the four heavy metals were in large quantities when leached for 72 h. Then with the leaching time extended,and the release of heavy metals increased slowly. The cumulative release amount of the four heavy metals was in the order of：Cu>As>Zn>Pb. When 3% humic acid was added to the soil,Cu and As were significantly lower（ P<0.05）than CK by 16.85% and 5.41%. The modified Elovich equation could simulate the release process of heavy metals Cu,As and Pb well. While the double constant rate equation could simulate the release process of heavy metal Zn well.【Conclusion】Humic acid addition could change the occurence form of heavy metals in the soil,reduce the leaching volume of heavy metals and lessen the risk of contamination when heavy metals were transported and transformed.

【Objective】Clarify the research hotspots and development trends in the field of saline soil improvement domestically and internationally since the 21st century，to provide references for in-depth research on saline soil improvement.【Methods】Using the core collection of Web of Science （WOS） and CNKI databases as search objects，Excel 2007 software for drawing and CiteSpace software for knowledge graph analysis，the relevant literature was quantitatively and visually analyzed from five perspectives：annual publication volume，authors，publication institutions，keywords time co-occurrence analysis，and burst words analysis.【Results】The trend of domestic and international literature publication volume were：from 2003 to 2009 in slow growth stage，from 2010 to 2016 in fluctuating （significant） growth stage，and in rapid growth stage from 2017 to 2023. The main authors were YANG Jinsong，ZHAO Lanpo，YAO Rongjiang，SUN Zhaojun，WANG Quanjiu，KANG Yaohu，WAN Shuqin，QADIR M，GHEYI H R，MURTAZA G，et al. The main research institutions were Chinese Academy of Sciences，Egyptian Knowledge Bank，Indian Council of Agricultural Research，Spanish National Research Council，and U. S. Department of Agriculture. In terms of keywords analysis，the research hotspots were water and salt transport and the regulation mechanism，research on plant salt tolerance，the application of chemical amendments，green reduction of saline-alkali obstruction，and the biological and microbial remediation of saline-alkali obstruction. The main burst words were biochar，wet front，microbial community，plant biostimulant（PBs），plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR），and salt-tolerant soil bacteria.【Conclusion】Currently，domestic and international research on saline soil improvement has entered the stage of rapid development. China and the United States were the global leaders. India and Australia were gradually strengthening their research capabilities. Domestic and international research were mainly focused on soil carbon sequestration，biochar，microbial community，antioxidant enzymes，Phosphate utilization，salt-tolerant soil bacteria，etc.，as well as soil nutrient movement，salt obstruction reduction，chemical amendments，microbial remediation and so on. In the future，salinization driving mechanism，plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria，microbial remediation of saline obstruction，and collaborative monitoring and analysis of big data technology may become research hotspots.

【Objective】Propose a disease target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 model,to achieve automatic recognition of apple leaf diseases and solve the problems of miss and false detection in the YOLOv5 detection model.【Methods】Based on the YOLOv5 model improved by convolutional neural network,weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network（BiFPN）feature fusion method was used to effectively improve the adverse effect of PANet on multi-scale feature fusion. The CBAM module was added to enable the network to more accurately locate and identify apple leaf diseases and establishing an algorithm model for detecting apple leaf diseases. The ATCSP module and top-down feature fusion method were used to enhance the detection performance of the model for multi-scale diseases. The model was compared with SSD,YOLOv4,YOLOv6,and YOLOv7 models.【Results】The improved YOLOv5 detection algorithm model significantly improved the accuracy of apple leaf disease detection. Compared with the original algorithm,accuracy（ P） increased by 5.1%,reaching 90.8%;average precision mean（mAP）increased by 1.2%,reaching 93.4%;the model size reduced by 21.4 MB. The accuracy of improved YOLOV5 algorithm was 11.3,4.4,4.2,and 3.6 percentage points higher than SSD,YOLOv4,YOLOv6,and YOLOv7 models,respectively.【Conclusion】A convolutional neural network-based improved YOLOv5 apple leaf disease detection model was proposed. The improved YOLOv5 model had fast detection speed,high detection accuracy,and small size,which can achieve automatic recognition of apple leaf diseases.

【Objective】To investigate the physiological responses and differences in cold tolerance among Phalaenopsis under low-temperature stress,and provide support for improving cold-tolerance traits and breeding new cold-tolerant cultivars.【Methods】Three Phalaenopsis cultivars（ P. Big Chili, P. Little Gem Stripes,and P. Wedding Promenade） were used as experimental materials and subjected to low-temperature stress（10,5,0 ℃） and non-stressed（CK,25 ℃） conditions. The activities of peroxidase（POD）,catalase（CAT）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,and the contents of proline（Pro） and malondialdehyde（MDA） in detached leaves under these conditions were measured. The cold tolerance was comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method.【Results】Under low-temperature stress,the physiological responses of the tested Phalaenopsis cultivars differed significantly from those under non-stressed conditions. In the P. Wedding Promenade cultivar,the activities of POD,CAT,SOD,and the contents of Pro and MDA exhibited a gradual decline with decreasing temperature,peaking at 10 ℃ with values of 220.73 U/（g·min）,44.00 U/（g·min）,261.19 U/g,and 289.31 μg/g,44.00 μmol/g,respectively. For the P. Big Chili and P. Little Gem Stripes cultivars,the activities of POD,CAT,SOD,and the contents of Pro and MDA exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease,all peaking at 5 ℃. The comprehensive membership function values for P. Wedding Promenade, P. Big Chili,and P. Little Gem Stripes were 0.540,0.447,and 0.357,respectively.【Conclusion】The three Phalaenopsis cultivars exhibited different levels of tolerance and physiological responses to low-temperature stress,with cold tolerance ranked as P. Wedding Promenade> P. Big Chili> P. Little Gem Stripes,which is consistent with their performance in actual cultivation.

【Objective】Study the effect of ammonia nitrogen mass concentration on methane production characteristics and methanogens community by anaerobic co-fermentation of chicken manure and corn straw.【Methods】Different ammonia nitrogen mass concentrations of 1 500,3 000,4 500,and 6 000 mg/L were set up for mesothermal anaerobic fermentation experiments by adding external nitrogen sources using a mixture of chicken manure and corn straw as fermentation raw materials,and no added nitrogen sources as control. The methane production characteristics and changes in methanogens communities of different treatments were measured and analyzed.【Results】No significant inhibition was found when ammonia nitrogen mass concentration was less than 3 000 mg/L. While significant inhibition was found with the delay of methane production peak,decrease of material cumulative methane production,increase of free ammonia（FAN） content,and accumulation of volatile fatty acid（VFAs） when ammonia nitrogen mass concentration was greater to or equal to 3 000 mg/L. When the ammonia nitrogen mass concentrations were 3 000,4 500,and 6 000 mg/L,the material cumulative methane production was 119.50,96.60,and 64.52 mL/gVS,respectively,which was 16.66%,32.67%,and 55.03% lower than the control. Among them,the ammonia nitrogen mass concentration of 6 000 mg/L exceeded IC ₅₀（semi inhibitory concentration）. The acetate-utilizing Methanosaeta was the dominant methanogens when ammonia nitrogen mass concentration was less than 3 000 mg/L. With the increase of ammonia nitrogen mass concentration to 3 000 mg/L or more,methanogens community changed. The relative abundance of Methanosaeta decreased while high ammonia tolerance and hydrogen-fermentation Methanosarcina and Methaanoculleus increased.【Conclusion】When ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in the co-digestion of chicken manure and corn straw system was higher than 1 500 mg/L,the inhibition effect was found on acetate-utilizing methanogens,resulted in the decrease of material cumulative methane production. And the dominant methanogens changed from acetate-utilizing to hydrogen-utilizing.

【Objective】To grasp the research progress on crop pests and diseases identification.【Methods】Using the literature on crop pests and diseases identification from Web of Science（WOS） and China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）databases as data sources，statistical analysis and bibliometric methods were used to analyze the research situation in the field of crop pests and diseases identification during 2000 to 2022 from the perspectives of literature publication volume，publication country，publication institution，research scholars，and research hotspots.【Results】2 214 English literature related to crop pests and diseases identification were retrieved. Since 2014，the publication volume increased continuously. The publication volume during 2014 to 2022 accounted for 85.0% of the total publication volume. 2 390 Chinese literature were retrieved，with a steady increase in publication volume from 2000 to 2012. After 2013，despite large fluctuations，there was an overall upward trend.China and the United States accounted for 41.3% of the total publication volume on crop pests and diseases identification research.In terms of collaboration and communication，China had close research collaboration with the United States and some Asian and European countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences（90 publications） had the highest English literature publication volume，while the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center（47 publications）had the highest Chinese literature publication volume.HUANG Wenjiang had significant research results both domestically and internationally（45 publications）. The main international research hotspots in the field of crop pests and diseases identification were the establishment of identification models and data acquisition.Domestic research hotspots underwent a transformation from manual recognition through expert systems to model optimization.【Conclusion】The current research momentum on crop pests and diseases identification domestically and internationally are still strong，with different research focuses.Intentionally，the research systems in model optimization and data acquisition methods are relatively mature. But there are still huge developmental potentials that can be excavated. Domestically，the research on intelligent recognition started relatively late but developed rapidly. In the future，the application of deep learning new algorithms may become a new research hotspot in the field of crop pets and diseases identification.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of various anthocyanidin components on tree peony flower hues.【Methods】Six different varieties of tree peony were selected as experimental materials.The color system of tree peonies was classified according to visualization,color chart and colorimeter values.The chlorophyll,carotenoid,cyanidin,anthocyanin,and flavonoid content were determined among the petals,and the cyanidin and anthocyanin components were detected by mass spectrometer.【Results】The six varieties of tree peony could be divided into five major colors：composite color,yellow,green,purplish red,and red. The petals of cyanidin and anthocyanin varied significantly among tree peony varieties. The red system Nihonghuancai exhibited the highest concentration,while the green system Lvmuyinyu showed the lowest. Pelargonidin and paeoniflor were not detected in the composite color system Lanyueliang,nor was peonidin in the green system Lvmuyinyu. Moreovre,the contents of cyanidin,pelargonidin,and peonidin in the red system Nihonghuancai,as well as petunidin,delphinidin,and malvidin in the purplish red system Luoyanghong,were higher than those in other color system. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside content in red system was highest,656.17 times higher than that in yellow system and 102.96 times higher than in purplish red system. The content of paeoniflorin 3-O-glucoside was higher in the red system and purplish red system,which was 59 064.28,34 283.83 ng/g,respectively.【Conclusion】The cyanidin is more important for the coloring of red system and purplish red system than other color systems. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside is an important pigment factor that causes the difference in purple and red peonies,and peonidin 3-O-glucoside is one of the main coloration factors for red system and purplish red system.

【Objective】To understand the current situation of garden plant resources and application in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City.【Methods】A survey of 10 artificial plant communities in park green spaces of Yuzhou district,Yulin City were conducted. The species resources and application of garden plants were statistically analyzed.【Results】There were 76 families,177 genera,and 261 species of garden plants in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City,including 1 fern,8 gymnosperms and 252 angiosperms （consisting of 169 dicotyledonous plants and 83 monocotyledonous plants）. The dominant garden plant families were Palmae,Moraceae,Bambusoideae,Euphorbiaceae,Myrtaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. There were 105,84,4,and 68 species of trees,shrubs,woody climber,and herbs. Woody plants were mainly evergreen plants,and herbaceous plants were mainly perennial plants. A total of 19 hydrophytes and phreatophytes were found. There were 177,147,83,22,and 23 species of ornamental flower,foliage, fruit,stem,and aromatic plants,respectively.【Conclusion】The garden plant species in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City were abundant. The dominant families of garden plants were mainly plants with tropical and subtropical origins. Evergreen trees were widely used. Garden plants were mainly ornamental flower,foliage and fruit plants.

Peanut sprouts are crisp in test,possess a unique flavor,and are rich in resveratrol,making them an ideal functional food. This paper reviews the changes in nutritional components,including proteins,amino acids,fats and fatty acids,minerals,carbohydrates,vitamin C,phenolics,and resveratrol,during the germination of peanuts,summarizes the research progress on the functional bioactivities of peanut sprouts and the current status of studies on their processing and utilization both domestically and internationally,and discusses future research directions for peanut sprouts,aiming to provide a valuable reference for promoting the rapid growth of the peanut sprout industry and its further development and utilization in the food industry.

【Objective】To explore a soybean-maize intercropping pattern suitable for the ecological conditions in the cold and arid regions of northeast China.【Methods】 A one-way random block design was used to set up six treatments： 2∶2 pattern （BO-S2∶M2）,4∶4 pattern（BO-S4∶M4）,4∶2 pattern（BO-S4∶M2） and 6∶4 pattern（BO-S6∶M4） of soybean-maize row ratio before optimization,and 6∶2 mode（AO-S2∶M2） and 4∶4 mode（AO-S4∶M4） after optimization,monoculture corn,monoculture soybeanwere used as control. The fertility process of each intercropping pattern land equivalent ratio,net effect,compensating effect,selection effect and economic benefits were analyzed.【Results】 Compare with monocropping soybean under intercropping patterns,the growth period of soybean was delayed by 2-3 days compared with that of monoculture soybean. The land equivalent ratio of each intercropping mode was greater than 1,and the crop yield increased by 13%-36% compared with monoculture. The net effect of AO-S2∶M2 pattern was 317.04 kg/hm ²,which was significantly higher than that of other patterns（ P<0.05）. Among the intercropping patterns,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the largest compensating effect,which was significantly higher than that of the BO-S2∶M2 pattern（ P<0.05）. Compared with the pre-optimization period,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern selection effect increased by 46.90%. Compared with monoculture maize,AO-S2∶M2 and AO-S4∶M4 increased by 38.16 and 9.33 yuan/hm ²,respectively. Compared with monoculture soybean,all intercropping patterns showed an increase of 53.39-379.74 yuan/hm ². Principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the highest comprehensive score of 2.11,followed by the AO-S4∶M4 pattern（0.62）.【Conclusion】 The advantages of 2∶2 and 4∶4 intercropping patterns of soybean-maize after optimization of planting technology are prominent,and the intercropping mode of soybean-maize after optimization has the greatest advantage over the 2∶2 intercropping mode,which has more promotion value in cold and arid region of northeast China.

【Objective】To identify the pathogen species causing gray mold on facility tomato.【Methods】Suspected gray mold disease samples were isolated from tomato cultivation plots in three facilities in Hohhot City and Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia. Morphological and molecular biology methods were used to identify the isolated strains. The pathogenicity of the pathogens was determined and re-isolated on detached stems and fruits according to Koch′s rule.【Results】Seven strains of pathogen were isolated from diseased stems and fruits. The ITS rDNA sequences were 99.60%-100% homologous with Botrytis cinerea（GenBank registration number KP151610,KX426964,and ON566787）,indicating that all the seven strains were Botrytis cinerea. Two strains,G4 and JW1,were selected and inoculated on the stems and fruits of healthy facility tomato. The incidence rate of gray mold was 100%.【Conclusion】The gray mold pathogen in facility tomato was Botrytis cinerea.

【Objective】To isolate and screen plant growth-promoting strains from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi.【Methods】To collect root and rhizosphere soil samples of Artemisia argyi from Ordos and Tongliao in Inner Mongolia,isolate and purify symbiotic fungi-dark septate endophytes（DSE） and functional bacteria,identify them using molecular biology techniques,screen DSE strains and functional bacteria with significant growth promoting effects,construct artificial microbial communities,and set up non inoculated bacteria（A）,single inoculated DSE（B）,single inoculated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（C）,single inoculated nitrogen-fixing bacteria（D）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（E）,DSE+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（F）,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（G）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（H） eight treatments were used to conduct a rewinding experiment on Artemisia argyi plants to screen for the best bacterial strain.【Results】The colonization rate of DSE fungi in the roots of Artemisia argyi was the highest,and the symbiotic structure was mainly chain,strip,brain and scattered. Four strains of DSE were successfully isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi,among which Paraphoma chrysanthemicola was the dominant strain in both test sites. A total of 36 functional bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi,including 26 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 10 nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were mainly Bacillus,accounting for 30.50% of the total number of isolates,of which Bacillus pumilus accounted for 27.20%. Rhizobium was the main nitrogen-fixing bacteria,accounting for 16.67% of the total number of isolates,of which Rhizobium cellulosilyticum accounted for 33.30%.The growth indexes of Artemisia argyi in B-H treatments were better than those in A treatment. Among them,H treatment had the best growth-promoting effect,and its stem diameter,leaf number,aboveground biomass and underground biomass increased by 24.93%,80.00%,279.17% and 251.69%,respectively.【Conclusion】The compound inoculation of Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Bacillus pumilus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum had the best growth-promoting effect,and DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria treatment was the best growth-promoting microbial combination.

Potentilla anserina,a plant with both medicinal and edible properties,possesses significant economic and pharmaceutical value. This paper reviews the research progress on the nutritional components of Potentilla anserina,including proteins,fats,dietary fiber,starch,vitamins,and minerals,and its bioactive components,such as JMS,polysaccharides,polyphenols,and flavonoids,and summarizes the health benefits and development and application of Potentilla anserina,aiming to provide a reference for exploring its comprehensive value and promoting the development of the Potentilla anserina industry.

Phytoplasma is a kind of single-celled prokaryotes parceled by biofilm,without cell wall and similar to plant pathogenic bacteria. Its host include plants and insects. Phytoplasma has highly transmission and has a widely action range,which can cause systemic diseases in various plants and leading to abnormal growth and development,and even death. The article provides an overview of the characteristics,transmission pathway,distribution,and disease symptoms of phytoplasma,summarizes the prevention and control methods of phytoplasma,and looks forward to its future research focus,aiming to provide reference for ensuring the healthy development of agriculture.