【Objective】Conduct genetic analysis of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems at the molecular level，to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems.【Methods】The study used 381 different types of maize inbred lines as associated populations and planted randomly in the experimental field of the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province in 2016 and 2017. The nutritional quality traits acid washing fiber（ADF），neutral washing fiber（NDF），and digestibility（IVDMD） were investigated during the heading，filling，and maturity stages. Using the Maize SNP50 gene chip，461 053 high-quality SNPs were obtained for genome-wide association analysis.【Results】Using the generalized linear model（GLM） analysis，a total of 392 significantly correlated stem nutritional quality traits SNPs（P<1.08×10^-7） were detected on 10 chromosomes of maize during different growth stages of the two years，with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.69% -17.34%. 97 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 77 candidate genes associated with stem nutritional quality traits. Using the mixed linear model（MLM）analysis，a total of 257 significantly correlated SNPs were detected over the two years（P<2.17×10^-6），with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.82% -20.20%. 17 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 82 candidate genes. Among them，10 overlap with GLM model candidate genes. A total of 159 candidate association genes were identified by GLM and MLM，among which 43 candidate genes were detected twice or more. Zm00001d021261 was found to be associated with ADF，NDF，and IVDMD in different years 31 times at multiple loci. This gene encoded ATP binding protein and chloroplast sensor kinase，had the highest expression in leaves at maturity stage. Zm00001d021255 was found to be associated with stem nutritional quality traits 10 times at two loci. This gene encoded cysteine rich receptor like protein kinase 25，which was only expressed in developmental internodes and female panicles，can be further studied and validated.【Conclusion】Using GLM and MLM models could quickly and effectively associate significant loci related to maize stem nutrient quality. HC-SNP could be screened through repetitive significant loci，and then associated gene enrichment regions could be excavated.

【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City，Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner（CK），quicklime（CaO），organic fertilizer（Organic），and organic fertilizer+quicklime（Organic+CaO）. The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits，dry matter accumulation，yield components，and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021，the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years，respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year，soil conditioner，and their interaction had extremely significant effect（P<0.01） on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher（P<0.05） kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with kernel number per ear （R²=0.614） and kernel number per hectare （R²=0.746）. Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height，ear height，and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index （LAI） increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However，from the yield prospective，when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning，continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

【Objective】Identify the phenotypic traits of different types of barley germplasm resources，to provide basis for breeding practice.【Methods】The diversity of 8 qualitative traits including seedling habits，leaf posture，plant type，ridge type，awn type，awniness，naked/cover and grain color of 99 barley germplasm resources were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Using descriptive statistics，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis，10 quantitative traits including plant height，growth period，tiller number，main spike length，main spike grain number，main spike grain weight，spike number per plant，grain number per plant，grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed.【Results】 There were abundant variations in the 8 qualitative traits. The variation range of 10 quantitative traits was 9.08%-43.16%，among which the variation coefficient of main spike grain number was the highest，and the variation coefficient of growth period was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01）correlations among multiple traits of the 99 barley germplasm. The germplasm population was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The 15 accessions in theⅠcategory had the characteristics of high stem，long main spike and long growth period. The 56 accessions in the Ⅱ category had the characteristics of low stalk，high spike number per plant，high tiller number and long main spike. The 26 accessions in theⅢcategory had the characteristics of high main spike grain weight，high main spike grain number and low 1 000-grain weight. There were 2 accessions in the Ⅳ category，characterized by high grain number per plant，high grain weight per plant，low 1 000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 72.39%.【Conclusion】 There were abundant genetic variations in 18 phenotypic traits of 99 barley germplasm resources，which could be divided into 4 categories. Breeding selection could be based on group characteristics.

【Objective】Sugarbeet paired maintainer lines and male sterile lines′ cytoplasmic types were determined in order to provide theoretical basis and technical advice for breeding sugarbeet maintainer lines and male sterile lines.【Methods】40 sugarbeet test materials were identified using the generated VNTR specific primers TR1, TR2, TR3,and TR4, and the cytoplasmic types were separated according to the particular bands, which was combined with the research of fertility features in the field.【Results】Among the 21 materials to be selected for sterility type,the materials conforming to be Owen type were N9849-17-1,N9865-103-C1, N9857-5-1-TH1-400, MS321-C27-1-80, MS331-N70, MS343-80, MS117-3-6-4-2, MS301-500, MS351-80, MS327-70-80, MS333-70-80, MS335-N70, 2068B-2, MS151-1-16-301-400, MS317-1-8-301, MS313-506-600 and MS320-7-605-1-84. MS329-N70 was cytoplasm type N1 and MS323-503-600 was N2. Among the 19 fertile materials to be selected, 960767-201TH-1, 960764-1-11-1-1-400, OT322-C7-70-80, OT332-N70, OT352-80, OT328-70-80, BS301-13-9, OT352-80-1, OT342-80 and OT152-1-6-301-400 were found to be in line with the cytoplasm type N1, and OT302-500 was found to be in line with the cytoplasm type N2. 960766-1077-c1, OT344-80, OT118-4-5-4-4 and OT324-501-600 were Owen type. Six materials with inconsistent molecular identification results were MS351-80-1, MS341-80, OT152-1-1-1-C301, OT330-N70, OT334-70-80, and OT336-N70. The results of field investigation revealed that 960766-1077-c1, OT344-80, OT118-4-5-4-4 and OT324-501-600 were semi-fertile with Owen cytoplasmic types. MS329-N70 and MS323-503-600 were semi-sterile type Ⅱ and were not Owen cytoplasmic type.【Conclusion】The VNTR specific primers developed could be utilized to distinguish the cytoplasmic types of sugarbeet maintainer lines and male sterile lines. The results were consistent with the results of the field fertility feature identification.

【Objective】Establish a maize genetic transformation system to cultivate maize lines with herbicide tolerance and address the issue of weed damage in maize.【Methods】Herbicide tolerance gene（ CP4 -EPSPS）was transformed into immature embryos of maize inbred line B73 by agrobacterium mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were identified by PCR and qRT-PCR. Low copy transgenic events were screened by ddPCR,followed by phosphinothricin tolerance test.【Results】12 of the 181 acquired tolerance lines tested positive. The exogenous herbicide tolerance gene（ CP4 -EPSPS）of the transgenic plants expressed normally at the transcriptional level. Five low copy lines were selected from the transgenic plants. All the transgenic plants were phosphinothricin tolerant in the tolerance test. T ₁ seeds from the 5 transgenic low copy lines were harvested.【Conclusion】Established a maize genetic transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium transformation using B73.

【Objective】To explore the accumulation of deoxynivalenol（DON） in the kernels of different wheat varieties under natural disease conditions and the effect on Fuasrium diseased kernel rate（FDK） and test weight，so as to provide reference for breeding wheat varieties resistant to Fuasrium.【Methods】The content of DON，3A-DON（3-acetyldeoxynivalenol） and 15A-DON（15-acetyldeoxynivalenol） in the kernels of 65 wheat varieties from different sources were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） to analyze the difference in Fuasrium diseased kernel rate（FDK） and test weight （TW） under different DON content.【Results】The FDK of the 65 wheat varieties ranged from 0.20% to 7.80%. The content of DON was 0.11 to 4.26 mg/kg. The test weight was 703.00 to 791.70 g/L. With correlation coefficients of 0.514，0.549，0.529 and 0.521，respectively，FDK was significantly positively correlated with the contents of DON，3A-DON，15A-DON and DON-Total（P<0.01），and was significantly negatively correlated with test weight（P<0.05），with correlation coefficients of -0.254. With correlation coefficients of 0.999，0.911 and 0.899，respectively，the kernel contents of DON，3A-DON，15A-DON had significant positive correlation（P<0.01） with DON-Total，and significant negative correlation with test weight（P<0.01），with correlation coefficients of -0.502，-0.504 and -0.481，respectively. In terms of the source of the varieties，the kernel accumulation of DON was lowest in Jiangsu（1.51 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（2.06 mg/kg），Henan（2.75 mg/kg） and Shandong（2.98 mg/kg）. The content of 3A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu（0.047 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（0.075 mg/kg），Shandong（0.111 mg/kg） and Henan（0.113 mg/kg）. The content of 15A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu（0.059 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（0.090 mg/kg），Shandong（0.132 mg/kg）and Henan（0.141 mg/kg）. The content of DON-Total was lowest in Jiangsu（1.61 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（2.23 mg/kg），Henan（3.00 mg/kg）and Shandong（3.23 mg/kg）. The number and proportion of varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg in wheat kernels were as follows：Anhui（18，64.29%）>Jiangsu（13，61.90%）>Shandong（2，22.22%）>Henan（1，14.29%）. The average test weight was highest in Jiangsu（758.57 g/L），followed by Anhui（751.90 g/L），Henan（739.71 g/L） and Shandong（735.27 g/L）. In terms of the characteristics of different varieties，eight wheat varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg and test weight no less than 770.00 g/L were selected. Among these，there were seven semi winter varieties including Huaimai 40，Huaimai 44，Nongmai 152，Quanmai 725，Womai No. 9，Xunong 029 and Huaimai 45，one spring variety，Guohong No. 6.【Conclusion】The kernel FDK，DON contents and test weight of the 65 wheat varieties were quite different. With the increase of FDK，the kernel accumulation of 3A-DON，15A-DON and DON-Total increased gradually，and the average test weight decreased. Huaimai 40，Huaimai 44，Nongmai 152，Quanmai 725，Womai No.9，Xunong 029，Huaimai 45，and Guohong No. 6 had better resistance to Fuasrium disease.

【Objective】To screen soybean varieties with high yield,superior quality and strong resistance suitable for planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】Variety comparison experiment was conducted on 20 soybean varieties provided by the Institute of Hulun Buir Agricultural Science to analyze the yield and quality traits. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate different soybean varieties.【Results】Cluster analysis divided the 20 varieties into three categories. The first category（Mengdou 50,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 49,Dengke No. 1,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 912,Mengdou 57,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 1137,Mengdou 43,and Mengdou 160） comprehensively displayed the characteristics of high yield and high fat content,that was,high yield and superior quality. The second category（Mengdou 53,Mengdou 54,Mengdou 343,Mengdou 46,Mengdou 48,Mengdou 15,Neidou No. 4） had low yield and moderate quality. The third category（Dongnong 690） had high yield and low fat content. Principal component analysis showed that the yield factor and grain factor had contribution rates of 45.298% and 41.496%,respectively. The effective pods per plant,total seeds per plant,yield per plant,plot yield,fat content,and 100-seed weight all had high contribution.【Conclusion】Based on the results of principal component comprehensive evaluation ranking and cluster analysis,combined with comprehensive factors such as variety growth period and resistance,eight soybean varieties with good comprehensive performance were selected,including Mengdou 50,Mengdou 43,Mengdou 1137,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 49,and Dengke No. 1. These soybean varieties were suitable for demonstration and promotion planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】Investigate the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture,heat dynamics as well as maize dry matter accumulation and yield,to provide theoretical support for maize production in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using random block design,four tillage methods were set up,including conventional ridge cropping（CP）,straw off-field no-tillage（NT）,straw mulching no-tillage（RNT）,and straw mulching strip tillage（RST）. Throughout the maize growth stages in 2021—2022,the soil temperature,soil moisture content and maize dry matter accumulation were monitored and measured. Yield was determined at harvest.【Results】Compared with CP,NT,RNT and RST reduced the average soil temperature and 0-5 cm soil active accumulated temperature in the maize growth stages. The 0-5 cm average soil active accumulated temperature of NT and RNT significantly decreased by 69.81 and 127.52 ℃（ P<0.05）,respectively in the two years,while RST only decreased by 18.94 ℃ with no significant difference（ P>0.05）. RNT and RST significantly increased soil water content during the maize growth period,with RNT increasing 107.75 and 74.14 mm and RST increasing 71.50 and 37.89 mm compared to CP and NT,respectively. RST increased maize emergence by an average of 1.58%,9.28% and 9.11% compared to NT,CP and RNT respectively. Both dry matter accumulation and yield at maize maturity stage were RST>NT>CP>RNT in the two years. In comparison to CP,NT and RNT,the dry matter accumulation in RST increasing by 11.68%,4.47% and 12.69%,yield increased by 6.06%,4.22% and 7.21%,and water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 7.63%,5.61% and 6.52%,respectively.【Conclusion】Straw mulching strip tillage had better effect in temperature increasing and soil moisture preserving,significantly increased maize dry matter accumulation and yield,was one of the tillage methods to increase maize yield and efficiency in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To screen excellent millet varieties suitable for planting in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using 8 millet varieties as research objects and split plot experiment design，two treatments of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation and water deficit were set up. The growth characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties were compared and analyzed by principal component analysis.【Results】Pre-seedling supplemental irrigation significantly affected the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties. Compared with water deficit treatment，Jinmiao K1 had the highest （6.56%） seedling emergence rate，followed by Zhangzagu No. 13（4.44%）；Jinmiao K1 and Zhangzagu No. 13 had better plant height performance，at 30.5 cm and 30.3 cm，respectively，increased by 15.21% and 6.27% and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05）；Zhangzagu No. 13 had better stem diameter and dry matter accumulation at 5.45 mm and 0.598 g，respectively，increased by 12.60% and 5.65%，and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05），followed by Jinmiao K1，which increased by 16.56% and 4.98%，respectively. Under the water deficit treatment，the leaf area index of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were less affected by drought at 0.94 and 0.83，respectively；the relative chlorophyll content of Zhangzagu No. 13 was the highest at 51.18. The stomatal conductance of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 was better under both treatments，significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.45% and 4.36% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. The net photosynthetic rates of Jigu 168 and Jinmiao K1 were significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05）. Under water deficit treatment，Zhangzagu No. 13 had the best net photosynthetic rate at 33.18 μmol/（m²·s），which was 1.99% lower than that of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation. The transpiration rates of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were better and significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.39% and 3.79% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 had better water use efficiency under both treatments. Water deficit led to an increase in leaf photosynthetic water use efficiency，the two varieties increased by 11% and 7%，respectively.【Conclusion】Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 could be promoted as the dominant varieties of millet for drought resistance and seedling protection in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021，four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County and Dongyang Town，Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design，the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County，Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits，strong photosynthetic characteristics，high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles，and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9（CK），respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town，Yuci District，the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage，while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806（CK），the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%，respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length，but positively correlated with ear length，number of grains per ear，100-grain weight，and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30，Dika 159，and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

【Objective】The impacts of various treatments on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities on continuous cucumber cropping were investigated to select appropriate soil improvement measures.【Methods】The soil that had been continuously cropped cucumbers for 12 years was treated with straw returning,wheat filling,anti-continuous cropping biological fertilizer,and lime nitrogen disinfection. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to conduct a 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of soil microorganisms.【Results】 Compared with the control,Chao1 index,Simpson index of the four treatments all increased,with straw returning and anti-continuous cropping biological fertilizer treatment increased significantly（ P<0.05）. At the bacterial phylum level,different treatments had no effect on the community composition. However the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased significantly（ P<0.05）in the treatments of straw returning,wheat filling,and anti-continuous cropping biological fertilizer. In the treatment of wheat filling and lime nitrogen disinfection,the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes increased significantly（ P<0.05）. In the treatment of anti-continuous cropping biological fertilizer and lime nitrogen disinfection,the relative abundance of Acidobacteria reduced significantly（ P<0.05）. At genus level in the four treatment,the relative abundance of dominant bacteria Bifidobacterium was significantly reduced（ P<0.05）with the appearence Thermopolyspora and Thermomonospora. In wheat filling,the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria Steroidobacteria increased significantly（ P<0.05）. In straw returning and anti-continuous cropping biological fertilizer,the relative abundance of dominant bacteria chryseolinea, cellvibrio and flavisobacter increased significantly（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】In continuous cucumber cultivation,the four improvement measures affected the composition,richness,and diversity of the soil bacterial community. The optimum treatment was adding anti-continuous cropping biological fertilizer,followed by straw returning.

【Objective】To elucidate the impacts of tillage methods on the development of saline-alkali farmland and maize growth by examining the growth and development of maize roots under deep ploughing straw returning.【Methods】From 2021 to 2022,two tillage methods,shallow rotation no returning（CK）and deep ploughing straw returning（DPR）,were set up on mild,moderate and severe saline-alkali land. The local main maize varieties DK159 and JSH257 were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,maize root growth status and yield.【Results】Compared with CK,the bulk density in DPR soil decreased,water content increased,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,total N,available P,available K and organic matter content increased significantly（ P<0.05）. The soil total salt content and pH value decreased by 5.48%-48.98% and 1.25%-13.71%,respectively. The root length,root surface area,average root diameter and root volume of DPR maize significantly increased（ P<0.05）. The root indexes improved most in the mild saline-alkali soil,with increases of 62.13%,62.99%,26.46% and 69.67%,respectively. In comparison with the CK,the yield of maize increased by 14.08%-33.61% with the highest increase in moderate saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing straw returning effectively improved soil physical and chemical properties,reduced soil total salt content and pH value. With the decrease of total salt content,maize root length and root volume increased significantly,increasing root surface area,improving the ability of maize plants to utilize soil nutrients,and ultimately increasing yield.

【Objective】To detect virus diseases of tomato and pepper in the primary protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia,in order to identify the current dominant viral species,distribution,and infection status,as well as to assess the severity and prevalence of several significant virus diseases.【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022,tomato and pepper suspected virus disease samples were collected from the main protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia including Chifeng City,Hohhot City and Baotou City. RT-PCR was used to identify the pathogens.【Results】A total of 327 virus infected samples were collected and 15 viruses were detected,including 12 in Chifeng City,8 in Hohhot City,and 7 in Baotou City.

【Objective】To clarify the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid induced rice blast resistance.【Methods】Using Hwayoung rice seedlings as test material,the in vitro inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on Magnaporthe oryzae was evaluated. Rice seedlings were induced by salicylic acid(sterile water as control)and then inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae JC2. The changes in histone acetylation and gene expression related to rice disease course were studied.【Results】Salicylic acid had no significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth rate,spore quantity,and spore germination rate of Magnaporthe oryzae. The histone modification levels of H3K9ac and H4K5ac showed an increased trend when the rice seedlings were induced by different concentrations of salicylic acid,and the resistance to rice blast was also improved. Compared with the control plants,in 0.05 mmol/L salicylic acid induced and inoculated 2 d plants(sampled 24 h after inoculation),the expression levels of OsPR1b、OsPAL、OsNH1 and WRKY13 increased extreme significantly(P<0.01).【Conclusion】After rice plants were induced by salicylic acid,the histone acetylation modification level was elevated and the resistance to rice blast was improved.

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization，lodging resistance，harvest index，etc. By altering cell division and elongation，phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes，modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones（GA₃，IAA，BR），in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

【Objective】To screen naked oat varieties（lines） suitable for cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia and lay a theoretical foundation for the introduction of oat varieties,breeding,demonstration and promotion of new varieties in the area.【Methods】Using 12 newly bred naked oat varieties（lines） in China as experimental material,in single factor randomized block experiments,the growth period,main agronomic traits,yield and quality traits of the different oat varieties（lines） were analyzed.【Results】All of the 12 naked oat varieties（lines） tested could mature normally in the local area. The varieties（lines） with better main agronomic traits were：201229-1-2,Zhangyou No.8,Bayou No.18. Bayou No.18 had better performance in plant height（136.10 cm）,main panicle length（22.03 cm）,grain weight per spike（2.94 g）,tiller number（3.58） and 1000-grain weight（30.14 g）. 201229-1-2 performed better in tiller number（4.20）,spikelet number（35.73） and grain weight per spike（2.06 g）. Zhangyou No.8 had better performance in 1 000-grain weight（30.14 g）. The varieties（lines）with better yield performance were Bayou No.18,201229-1-2 and Baiyan No.16,at 3 250.05,3 330.00 and 3 157.80 kg/hm ²,respectively. The varieties（lines） with better quality traits were Zhangyou No.9（highest protein content at 16.57%）,Jinyan No.18（highest β-glucan content at 5.00%）,Weiduyou No.5（highest starch content at 61.98%）,and 201229-1-2（highest crude fat content and grain bulk density at 5.51% and 709.00 g/L）. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of Bayou No.18,Baiyan No.16,Zhangyou No.8,and 201229-1-2 were higher,with relatively prominent yield traits and nutritional quality traits.【Conclusion】The naked oat varieties（lines） with better comprehensive traits were Bayou No. 18,Baiyan No. 16,Zhangyou No. 8,and 201229-1-2. They were suitable for promotion and cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,with Bayou No. 18 being particularly prominent.

【Objective】To quantitatively analyze the yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province and clarify the space for increasing yield and improving utilization efficiency of resource of wheat following rice.【Methods】Four cultivation patterns：super high yield（SH）,high yield and high efficiency（HH）,farmer pattern（FP）and inherent soil productivity（ISP）and three difference levels：first-level yield gap（FP-ISP）,second-level yield gap（HH-FP）,and third-level yield gap（SH-HH） were set up in wheat following rice areas along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of over-wintering stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage,filling stage and maturity stage were determined and the effective ear number,kernels per ear,1 000-grain weight and economic coefficient,as well as yield were measured at maturity stage.【Results】Along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,the first-level yield gap（FP-ISP） of wheat following rice was the largest,with an average of 3 009.6 kg/hm ². The second-level yield gap and the third-level yield gap were 768.5 and 758.0 kg/hm ²,respectively. Yield gaps varied among different wheat following rice planting regions,with the first-level yield gap decreased gradually from north to south,the second-level yield gap increased slightly from north to south,and the third-level yield gap in the north slightly higher than that of the south. The yield gap of the different levels varied greatly among different years. The effective measures to narrow the first-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number,kernels per ear,biological yield,economic coefficient and leaf area index in jointing stage.The effective measures to narrow the second-level yield gap were the enhancement of kernels per ear,biological yield and dry matter in anthesis stage. The effective measures to narrow the third-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number and economic coefficient. Sink number,sink volume,leaf area index in over-wintering stage and jointing stage and dry matter accumulation after flowering were extremely significantly positive correlated（ P<0.01） with the yield of wheat following rice. Nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,light and accumulative temperature utilization efficiency increased with the improvement of yield.【Conclusion】Increasing grain sink number,expanding sink capacity and improving grain sink quality were the effective means to narrow the yield gap and increase yield of wheat following rice in Anhui Province.

【Objective】Analyzing the heterotic pattern of superior maize breeding lines L239 and L7221 to reveal the genetic resources of superior varieties and to provide reference for maize breeding in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Methods】The genetic diversity of L239 and L7221 in 42 maize inbred lines was analyzed by SSR molecular marker technology to determine the heterosis pattern of maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region.【Results】Analysis of 42 maize inbred lines showed that the allele number of the 56 primers was 2-9，and the polymorphism information content was 0.43-0.86. The genetic distance between L239 and CA375 was shortest at 0.50. The genetic distance between L7221，LX9801 and Nongda 178 were shorter at 0.43 and 0.56，respectively. According to the genetic similarity analysis of 42 maize inbred lines，L7221 mainly belonged to Tangsipingtou group，and L239 mainly had closer relationship with the germplasm resources of the improved Reid group.【Conclusion】L7221 was closer to many inbred lines of Tangsipingtou group，and L239 was closer to many inbred lines of improved Reid group. The L239 and L7221 heterosis pattern was improved Reid group×Tangsipingtou group.

【Objective】The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the BvCENH3 gene in sugar beet aiming to establish an efficient genome editing system.【Methods】Taking sugar beet BvCENH3 gene as the editing target,double candidate targets were selected to construct gene editing vector. Transgenic sugar beet plants were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Next generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify the mutation types and droplet digital PCR was employed to screen low-copy mutant plants.【Results】82 transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained,40 of which were successfully edited,with an editing efficiency of 48.78%. Target 1 was more efficient than target 2. There were five mutation types,including single base substitution（T→G、A→C） and base deletion（TC、TCTC deletion）. 23 low-copy edited plants were selected,with BvCENH3 insertion copy numbers ranging from 1.1 to 1.9.【Conclusion】Successfully edited BvCENH3 in sugar beet with 40 BvCENH3 gene mutants obtained. Preliminary established sugar beet genome editing system,laying theoretical and technical foundations for sugar beet haploid breeding.

【Objective】To determine the control effect of 41.7% Lufuda SC different application methods on root-knot nematode of tomatoes.【Methods】41.7% Lufuda SC at a dosage of 0.030 mL/plant was used to irrigate the root,spray on ridge surface,and broadcast on strip surface. 20% fosthiazate FW for root irrigation,10% fosthiazate GR at 30 kg/hm ² soil spraying and water were used as controls. The effect of different treatments on root-knot nematode control was recorded.【Results】The population declining rates of root-knot nematode by 41.7% Lufuda SC treatments to irrigate the root,spraying on ridge surface and broadcasting on strip surface were 46.39%,23.21%,and 22.95% respectively. The control effects were 64.19%,59.74% and 50.22% respectively. The population declining rates for 20% fosthiazate FW and 10% fosthiazate GR were 42.67% and 29.89%,the control effects were 62.21% and 48.46% respectively. 41.7% Lufuda SC on root irrigation enhanced yield by 27.07% compared to water treatment.【Conclusion】For 41.7% Lufada SC,irrigation on roots method had much better effect in tomato root-knot nematode control than spraying on ridge surface,broadcasting on strip suface and all controls,increased yield significantly as well.

【Objective】The effects of microbial fertilizer mixed with chicken manure on the growth of apple seedlings and the improvement of saline-alkali soil in apple field were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in apple field in Gansu Province.【Methods】Five treatments were set up：no fertilizer（blank，T0），single microbial fertilizer（control，T1），50 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T2），75 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T3），100 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T4）. At 30，60，90，and 120 d，the effects of various treatments on apple seedling development，root activity and soil pH value，total salt content，bulk density，enzyme activities were studied.【Results】Combined application of chicken manure and microbial fertilizer，the leaf area of apple seedling leaves had no significant change（P>0.05）. At 120 d，in T4 treatment，the leaf SPAD value of apple seedling was the largest，15.75% and 12.88% higher than that in T0 and T1 treatment，respectively. The soil total salt content，pH value，and bulk density were the lowest， 15.51%，6.53%，and 23.82% lower than T0 treatment，and 14.20%，3.49%，and 20.34% lower than T1 treatment，respectively. At 120 d，in T3 treatment，apple seedling had the highest root activity，12.15% and 4.41% higher than those in the T0 and T1 treatments，respectively. The ALP activity，S-UE activity and NAG activity of saline-alkali soil in apple field were the highest，increased by 65.52%，29.96% and 116.38% respectively compared with T0 treatment and 17.07%，14.95% and 34.23% respectively compared with T1 treatment.【Conclusion】The growth of apple seedlings and saline-alkali soil were improved by the treatments of 75 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer and 100 g/（kg soil）chicken manure+microbial fertilizer. The longer the treatment period，the more pronounced the effects on apple seedling growth and soil improvement were.

Cyperus esculentus is a multi-purpose commercial crop that incorporates grain and oil,feed,food,medicine,and greening,as well as an ecological crop that prevents windstorms and fastens sand,enhances soil fertility,and improves marginal land use efficiency. As a result of its favorable environmental and economic effects,it has been well developed. This paper discussed the characteristics,planting and yield,main nutrient composition,development and utilization of Cyperus esculentus,as well as the challenges that have afflicted its development and the prospects for its industrial development.

【Objective】To identify the characteristics of rust pathogens in Hemerocallis citrina and the rust resistance of different Hemerocallis citrina varieties.【Methods】32 Hemerocallis citrina rust samples were collected from Hunan Province，Gansu Province，Shaanxi Province and Jiangsu Province. The uredinium and urediniospores of Hemerocallis citrina were observed and measured under microscope. One of the Hemerocallis citrina rust sample（yx-30）was then selected and the telia and teliospores were observed and measured. The rust resistance of 50 samples of Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources to strain yx-26 was identified by artificial inoculation.【Results】The uredinium of Hemerocallis citrina rust samples were mostly on the abaxial side of leaves，forming orange or yellow-brown spots with diameters of 0.28-1.96 mm. The urediniospores were almost spherical or oval，yellow and unicellular and 16.0 to 21.5 μm by 17.2 to 32.4 μm in size. The wall thickness was 1 to 3 μm. The telia of Hemerocallis citrina rust sample was dark brown and flocculent. The teliospores were oval，rod-shaped，yellow，bicellular，with constriction in the middle，and shaped like gourd. The size was 68.0 to 81.0 μm by 19.4 to 22.2 μm. The length of sporocyst stalk was 11 to 16 μm. The rust resistance to yx-26 strain of the 50 Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources were 11 cultivars with high resistance，21 cultivars with moderate resistance，8 cultivars susceptible，and 10 cultivars highly susceptible.【Conclusion】The morphological characteristics of uredinium of Hemerocallis citrina were similar，while the morphological sizes of urediniospores were slightly different. The telia of Hemerocallis citrina rust sample was dark brown and flocculent. The teliospores were yellow，bicellular and shaped like gourd. The rust-resistant varieties accounted for 3/5 of the 50 samples of Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources，which could provide reference for the planting of rust resistant varieties of Hemerocallis citrina in different regions.

【Objective】To better understand the cross-compatibility of double-petaled Hemerocallis and provide a reference and basis for breeding of more double-petaled Hemerocallis middendorfii varieties.【Methods】 The pollen germination rate was measured for the Hemerocallis varieties Burgundy 341,Baby′s Eyes and Lacy Doily grown in liquid culture. The benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method was used to determine the stigma acceptability. Using Burgundy 341 and Baby′s Eyes as the female parents,Lacy Doily as the male parent,and Lacy Doily as the female parent,Burgundy 341 and Baby′s Eyes as the male parent,four sets of cross combinations were prepared. F ₁ generation′s morphological traits were noted,and cluster analysis was performed.【Results】Burgundy 341,with an average germination rate of 39.2%,had the highest pollen activity,while Lacy Doily had the lowest,with an average germination rate of 11.3%. All the three varieties had the highest stigma acceptability at 9：00 on the flowering day,the longest duration is Baby′s Eyes,according to the stigma acceptability test. For the crossing sets,Baby′s Eyes×Lacy Doily had the highest fruit setting rate. When Lacy Doily is used as female parent,the fruit setting rate was 0. The F ₁ generation population was divided into two groups using cluster analysis. Seven materials in class Ⅰ with cup-shaped flowers with green eyes that were spotless on the outer perianth segments and ribbed white on the side. Ten materials in class Ⅱ that resembled the female parent Baby′s Eyes,which had long leaves,horn-shaped flowers,wrinkled perianth segment edges,and yellow on the side.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits of the F ₁ generation population exhibited good diversity and high ornamental value,making them suitable for garden landscaping and planting in Suqian of Jiangsu Province. Burgundy 341,Baby′s Eyes and Lacy Doily are all ideal parent materials.

【Objective】 To explore the salt-reducing effect of microbial fertilizer to different degrees of saline soil and the growth response of winter wheat. 【Methods】 Coastal saline soil was used to create mildly,moderately,and heavily salined soils.Yi'an improved soil remedial 2 bacteria agent was selected. Fertilization gradient of 750, 1500 and 2250 kg/hm ² were set to compared and analyze soil salt content,winter wheat plant height,SPAD value,fresh weight,root length. 【Results】 The application of microbial bacterial fertilizers to different degrees of saline soil had some salt-reducing effect,and the soil salt content decreased by 6.02%-36.27% compared with the control. The mildly salinization treatment with a microbial fertilizer application rate of 1500 kg/hm ² had the most obvious salt reduction effect. Application of microbial fertilizer treatment compared with the control,the plant height of winter wheat increased by 18.01%-33.52%,SPAD value increased by 9.82%-24.30%,fresh weight increased by 10.53%-38.46%,and root length increased by 14.08%-32.19%. When the amount of microbial fertilizer was less than 1500 kg/hm ²,the salt-reducing effect increased with the increase of the application amount,and the growth of winter wheat increased significantly. When the amount was more than 1500 kg/hm ²,the salt-reducing effect increased slowly. 【Conclusion】 Application of microbial fertilizer in salinized soil of different degrees had obvious salt-reducing effect and significantly promoted the growth of winter wheat.

【Objective】Understanding the pollen,fruit,and seed surfaces morphological traits of Pugionium Gaertn. and provide basis for the evolutionary history and the classification of species within the Pugionium Gaertn. genus.【Methods】The morphological features of Pugionium Gaertn. pollen,fruit,and seeds were observed using a Hitachi S-530 scanning electron microscope,and the observation results were analyzed.【Results】The pollen of Pugionium Gaertn. was small to medium-sized,long spherical,with three germinating grooves(P/E 1.23-1.43),reticular carving,deep and large mesh,and numerous rectangular holes on the ridge. The germination groove of P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang was shorter and shallower than those of P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn.,P. calcaratum Kom.,and P. dolabratum Maxim.,and the groove film was not apparent. The fruit of Pugionium Gaertn. were samara with nearly equal wings on either side. Among them,P. dolabratum Maxim.,P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang and P. calcaratum Kom. had flat angles between the wings while P. cornutum(L.)Gaertn. had an obtuse angle between the wings. P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang had the widest wing,and P. dolabratum Maxim. had the longest wing. The seed coat of Pugionium Gaertn. was glossy yellowish brown with barely perceptible seed pores. The hilum was located at the base of the ventral surface. The seed of P. calcaratumKom. was biconvex shape with no dip at the raphe,which was different from the kidney shape of other species,with obvious depression on both sides of the raphe P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang seeds had reticulated shallow dish-shaped surface with hairs on the murus,in contrast to other species′irregular mesh.【Conclusion】The pollen and seed coat micromorphology revealed that within the genus there were intraspecific similarities as well as interspecific distinctiveness,supporting the idea that P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang was a distinct species.

【Objective】To improve seed viability and eliminate the bottleneck preventing wine sorghum planting and industrial development in Guizhou Province.【Methods】The germination ability of wine sorghum seeds was studied using variety Hongyingzi as test material and polyethylene glycol（PEG）as priming agent,under different priming time（12,24,36,48 h）,redrying degree（7%,10%,15%）,storage time（0,30,60,90 d）,and storage temperature（constant temperature at 25℃ or room temperature）.【Results】 Any one of the element among priming time,redrying degree,or storage period all had significant impact on seed germination ability（ P<0.05）. There were interactions between priming time and redrying degree,priming time and storage temperature,or priming time,redrying degree and storage temperature. Wine sorghum seed had significant higher（ P<0.05）germination rate than other treatments after 12 hours priming and 7% redrying,24 hours priming and 10% redrying,or 48 hours priming and 7% redrying. Seed germination uniformity was high after 12 hours priming and 7% redrying,or 36 hours priming and 15% drying,at 25℃ constant temperature or room temperature.【Conclusion】The optimal conditions for wine sorghum seeds germination are 12 hours priming and 7% drying or 36 hours priming and 15% drying. The seeds could be well stored at 25℃ constant temperature or at room temperature.

【Objective】To clarify the weed control effect and the safety of varying application doses of pre-seedling blocking herbicides,metolachlor and pendimethalin on chickpea seedlings.【Methods】The weed control effect and the safety of chickpea growth in the field were evaluated using a random block design of 96% metolachlor EC 1 200 mL/hm²(C1),1 500 mL/hm²(C2),1 800 mL/hm²(C3),3 000 mL/hm²(C4)and clean water(CK1),or 450 g/L pendimethalin CS 1 500 mL/hm²(T1),2 250 mL/hm²(T2),3 000 mL/hm²(T3),4 500 mL/hm²(T4)and clean water(CK2)combined with 87.5% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC 600 mL/hm².【Results】96% metolachlor EC and 450 g/L pendimethalin CS combined with 87.5% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC could effectively control monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds in chickpea field. The control effect of C4 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the control effect on monocotyledonous weeds and total weeds between T4 treatment and T3 treatment 45 days after application(P>0.05). The control effect of T4 treatment on dicotyledonous weeds and total weeds was significantly higher than that of other treatments 30 days after application(P<0.05). Different doses of 96% metolachlor EC and 450 g/L pendimethalin CS did not cause any damage to chickpea seedlings.【Conclusion】96% metolachlor EC 3 000 mL/hm² and 450 g/L pendimethalin CS 4 500 mL/hm² had better control effects on monocotyledonous weeds,dicotyledonous weeds,and total weeds. The test doses were safe for chickpea growth.

【Objective】According to the adjusted List of National Key Protected Wild Plants,the species distributed in Inner Mongolia were statistically sorted out to form a list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia,providing guidance and services for the protection of wild plants in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】According to the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants approved and released by the State Council on August 7,2021,the list of national key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia was organized in accordance with the region′s current plant distribution. The floristic geographical components were studied using floristic research techniques.【Results】A list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia was formed,including 47 species of national key protected wild plants,belonging to 26 families and 37 genera. Among them,there were 1 species of algae,2 species of fungi,1 species of bryophytes,1 species of gymnosperms,and 42 species of angiosperms. Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. and Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. were the only two species of wild plants under national first-class protection;the others were under national secondary protection. The families with the largest number of species in angiosperms were Poaceae and Orchidaceae,both of which were 7 species. And the genera with the largest number of species were Cypripedium L. and Elymus L.,both of which were 5 species. The life forms of spermatophyte were mainly perennial herbs,with a total of 28 species. And the ecotype was dominated by mesophytes,with a total of 23 species. The floristic geographical distribution of species included 8 types and 5 sub-types,most of which were North East Asian distribution species,gobi distribution species and pan-Arctic distribution species. There were 3 endemic or nearly endemic genus in Inner Mongolia,including Tetraena Maxim., Potaninia Maxim. and Tugarinovia Iljin,and 11 endemic or nearly endemic species in Mongolian plateau.【Conclusion】The newly formed list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia reflected the conservation status of wild plant in Inner Mongolia,as well as the background and characteristics of Inner Mongolia flora.

【Objective】To screen fresh tomato varieties suitable for planting in Ordos，Inner Mongolia，and to provide reference for the establishment of a sensory quality evaluation system for tomato fruit.【Methods】The five sensory quality indices of the 19 fresh tomato varieties（10 cherry tomato varieties and 9 large tomato varieties）introduced to Ordos in 2022 were evaluated using the questionnaire survey combined with comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A questionnaire survey on the taste of tomatoes was conducted at the same time to confirm the rationality of the evaluation index and weight.【Results】The sensory quality evaluation scores of 10 cherry tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，Kiwi tomato，Mizhu No. 3，Qianxi，Hanghuangying No. 1，Hangcaiying No. 1，Hangfenying No. 6，Zicaixia tomato. The sensory quality evaluation scores of 9 large tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，Provence，Milumifen，Xiutailang，Youshi No. 3，Tianmi 199，Antares. The reason for desirable flavor was “moderate sweet and sour”. The reason for undesirable taste was “thick skin”.【Conclusion】Cherry tomato Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，and Kiwi tomato，large tomato Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，and Provence had better sensory quality and were recommended for promotion. The sensory quality evaluation index and weight settings were relatively reasonable.

One of the most important organs in plants is the root system. To maximize crop output potential,cultivating a healthy root system is critical. The growth,development,and configuration of maize root system have been studied extensively by researchers in China and overseas. This paper summarized the research results of maize root system characteristics,important factors affecting root system growth,root system configuration research methods,and main factors affecting root system configuration,based on the research progress of maize root system and its configuration,in order to provide a reference for future maize root system research.

【Objective】To clarify the differences in bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil planted with Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L. and the first hybrid generation on sandy dark chestnut soil in Inner Mongolia. Also clarify the mechanisms of interaction between environmental factors and the bacterial community.【Methods】The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to perform high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial community 16S rRNA gene in rhizosphere soil planted with Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L.，and the first hybrid generation（Elymus sibiricus Linn. as male parent and Elymus canadensis L. as female parent）. Bioinformatics analysis was used to compare the structure and diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the three plant species，as well as the correlation between bacterial composition and soil chemical indicators.【Results】Shannon-Wiener index，ACE index and Chao1 index of Elymus sibiricus Linn. rhizosphere soil bacterial community were the highest，while Simpson index of Elymus canadensis L. rhizosphere soil bacterial community was the highest. The common dominant phyla of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of the three plant species were Actinobacteria，Proteobacteria，Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The dominant phyla of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Elymus sibiricus Linn. and the first hybrid generation was Bacteroidete. The common dominant genus of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of the three plant species was Arthrobacter. The dominant genera of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L. and the first hybrid generation were Shewanella，Nocardioides and norank-f-JG30-KF-CM45，respectively. In the rhizosphere soil of the three plant species，the pH value of Elymus canadensis L. rhizosphere soil was the lowest，and the contents of available nitrogen，available phosphorus and organic matter in Elymus sibiricus Linn. rhizosphere soil were the highest. Soil organic matter with Pseudomonas，norank-f-norank-o-Subgroup-7 and Subgroup-10，available nitrogen with Mycobacterium，available phosphorus with norank-f-norank-o-SBR1031，norank-f-norank-o-Subgroup-7，Subgroup-10，norank-f-A4b were all significant positively correlated. Soil organic matter with norank-f-norank-o-Gaiellales，Gaiella and norank-f-Gemmatimonadacea，available phosphorus with norank-f-norank-o-Gaiellales，Gaiella and norank-f-Ilumatobacteraceae were both significantly negatively correlated.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure of the first hybrid generation were similar with Elymus canadensis L.，but quite different with Elymus sibiricus Linn.. The diversity of soil bacterial community structure were affected by soil chemical indicators and plant species.

Tobacco potato virus Y illness is a systemic infection caused by potato virus Y. In production,it is mainly controlled by chemical agents. However the infected tobacco plants are difficult to cure and making prevention difficult. Based on the current research progress of tobacco potato virus Y,this paper summarizes the disease from the aspects of pathogenic characteristics,causes,and biological control,and looks forward to the biological control technology of tobacco potato virus Y disease,in order to provide reference for the green control of the disease.

【Objective】To comprehend the impacts of salt stress on seed germination,seedling growth,and physiological characteristics of salt tolerant and salt sensitive sunflower and to analyze the salt tolerant mechanism of sunflower from the perspectives of physiology and biochemistry.【Methods】Two sunflower inbred lines S05-10(salt tolerant)and 19S6(salt sensitive)were stressed with 50,100,150 and 200 mmol/L NaCl solutions,and distilled water treatment was used as control(CK). Germination percentage,plant height,proline content,malondialdehyde content,relative conductivity and SOD activity were measured. To analyze the effects of salt stress on seed germination,seedling growth and physiological characteristics of sunflower.【Results】Under 100,150,and 200 mmol/L NaCl stress,the germination rate of S05-10 and 19S6 significantly decreased,with the largest decreases being 55.68% and 82.11% when compared to CK(P<0.05). Under 200 mmol/L NaCl stress,the plant height of S05-10 and 19S6 reduced by 31.93% and 63.31%,respectively,compared to CK. Under 50-200 mmol/L NaCl stress,compared to CK,the proline content of S05-10 increased by 44.38%-142.62%,the malondialdehyde content increased by 7.12%-21.36%,and the relative conductivity of leaves increased by 0.04%-28.52%;while the proline content of 19S6 increased by 4.01%-19.74%,the malondialdehyde content increased by 5.00%-102.50% and the relative conductivity of leaves increased by 18.24%-28.96%. Under 100 and 150 mmol/L NaCl stress,the SOD activity of S05-10 increased by 17.77% and 20.43%,respectively,in comparison to CK. Under 50 to 200 mmol/L NaCl stress,the SOD activity of 19S6 was generally steady and increased by 1.86% to 3.73% compared to CK.【Conclusion】Under 100-200 mmol/L NaCl stress,sunflower seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited,with 19S6 showing more inhibition than S05-10 did. Under NaCl stress,19S6 suffered more serious salt damage,with serious leaf membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. The increase in malondialdehyde content and relative leaf conductivity were both significantly higher than those of S05-10. By accumulating more osmotic regulatory substances(proline)and boosting the activity of antioxidant enzymes(SOD)under NaCl stress,S05-10 reduced stress and improved salt tolerance. Under NaCl stress,19S6′s proline content and SOD activity did not change considerably,and its salt tolerance was evidently insufficient.

【Objective】To combine the high-efficient compound microbes that degrade corn straw at low temperature,and to provide candidate microbial strains for corn straw returned into field in situ under promoting decay condition.【Methods】Based on the combination of corn straw degradation bacteria A3（ Achromobacter deleyi strain LMG 3458）and A4（ Pseudomonas plecoglossica strain NBRC）,three sets of compound microbes were prepared by supplementing functional fungi A（ Aspergillus terreus）and P（ Phanerochaete chrysosporium）,which were A3+A4+A,A3+A4+P,and A3+A4+A+P,respectively. The enzyme activities of the compound microbes as well as their effects on degradation rate of corn straw and relative microbial contents of single strain were studied at a low temperature of 15 ℃.【Results】 When fungi A and P were added,the relative microbial content of the bacterial combination of A3+A4 increased,and the corn straw degradation rate increased significantly（ P<0.05）. The compound microbes A3+A4+A+P had the highest corn straw degradation rate of 38.79%,which was 13.04 percentage points higher than that of the bacterial combination of A3+A4. The highest FPase activity,xylanase activity,and laccase activity of the compound microbes A3+A4+A+P was observed on 30,15,and 20 day of incubation,respectively,which were 4.44 U/mL,4.00 U/mL and 60.04 U/L higher than those of the bacterial combination of A3+A4,respectively. Furthermore,the degradation rates of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin of the compound microbes A3+A4+A+P were higher than those of the A3+A4 by 10.77,4.15,and 21.10 percentage points,respectively.【Conclusion】The compound microbes A3+A4+A+P had higher corn straw degradation efficiency and could be used as candidate strain resources for the study and application of microbial agents for corn straw degradation.

【Objective】The pollen morphological characteristics of different Medicago varieties were compared in order to provide basis for studying Medicago variety evolution.【Methods】The pollen size,shape,germination pore groove,and surface decoration of seven Medicago varieties were compared using a Hitachi S-530 scanning electron microscope.【Results】 Medicago Sativa L. cv. Aohan had the longest polar axis（44.27 μm）,whereas Medicago ruthenica L. Sojak cv. Zhilixing had the shortest（35.48 μm）. The equatorial axis of Medicago Sativa L. cv. Caoyuan No. 4 was the longest（26.39 μm）,while the equatorial axis of Medicago ruthenica L. Sojak cv. Zhilixing was the shortest（20.56 μm）. The seven Medicago varieties had polar axis length to equatorial axis length ratio（P/E）of 1.54 to 1.81. The largest was Medicago Varia Martin cv. Caoyuan No.1,while the smallest was Medicago Sativa L. cv. Caoyuan No. 4. Seven Medicago varieties had pollen diameters ranging from 26.99 to 33.71 μm. Among them, Medicago Sativa L. cv. Aohan was the largest,whereas Medicago ruthenica L. Sojak cv. Zhilixing was the smallest.【Conclusion】 Pollen from the seven Medicago varieties are all medium in size,long spherical,trifid circular in polar view and oval in equatorial view,with 3-hole grooves and cave-like or shallow cave-like surface decoration.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and corn straw on the growth,yield,and quality of continuous cropping pepper in tunnel in the mountainous region of Southern Ningxia.【Methods】The effects of several treatments（with no organic fertilizer as control）on the growth indexes,quality traits,and yield of pepper during flowering,fruiting,and harvest stages were studied using a randomized block design.【Results】Plant height and stem diameter of pepper in treatment 6（base fertilizer supplemented with decomposed chicken manure 22 488.8 kg/hm ²+corn straw 29 985.0 kg/hm ²）were higher than all the other treatments in all three growth stages of pepper. Treatment 1（base fertilizer supplemented with 59 970.0 kg/hm ² of rotten sheep manure）and treatment 3（base fertilizer supplemented with 22 488.8 kg/hm ² of rotten chicken manure）had significantly higher net photosynthetic rates than the other treatments（ P<0.05）. Treatment 1 and treatment 5（base fertilizer supplemented with rotten cow manure 74 962.5 kg/hm ²+corn straw 29 985.0 kg/hm ²）had significantly more fruit per plant than treatment 4（base fertilizer supplement with rotten sheep manure 59 970.0 kg/hm ²+corn straw 29 985.0 kg/hm ²）and the control（ P<0.05）. Treatment 1,treatment 3,and treatment 6 had significantly higher single fruit weights than the other treatments（ P<0.05）. Treatment 6 had the highest yield and economic value,with 101 503.5 kg/hm ² and 111 654.0 yuan/hm ² respectively,higher than that of treatment 1,treatment 2（base fertilizer supplemented with 74 962.5 kg/hm ² of rotten cow dung）,treatment 3,treatment 4,treatment 5,and the control by 5.56%,19.00%,2.15%,4.35%,14.12%,and 26.75%. Treatment 1 had the highest VC（105.00 mg/g）and soluble sugar conten（11.20 mg/g）,followed by treatment 6,at 101.00 and 10.59 mg/g,respectively. Treatment 5 had the highest soluble protein content at 1.49 mg/g.【Conclusion】 Continuous cropping obstacle of pepper in tunnel could be mitigated by using base organic fertilizers. The use of base fertilizer supplemented with 22 488.8 kg/hm ² rotting chicken manure and 29 985.0 kg/hm ² corn straw significantly improved the growth index,yield,and quality of pepper,suitable for the Southern Ningxia′s mountainous region.

【Objective】To understand the characteristics of coal slime and its impact on the physical properties of sandy soil,and to explore the utilization of coal slime in agriculture.【Methods】On the basis of examining the features of coal slime,using unplanted simulation culture experiments with varying application rates of 0（CK）,15 t/hm ²（L-1）,45 t/hm ²（L-2）,75 t/hm ²（L-3） and 135 t/hm ²（L-4）,the changes in physical properties of sandy soil following the application of coal slime were examined.【Results】The content of cadmium,mercury,lead,chromium,and arsenic in coal slime was low,accounting for only 0.32% to 11.55% of the standard values,with up to 73.43% of clay and powder particles. It was rich in plant growth promoting beneficial elements,SiO ₂ and Al ₂O ₃（with a relative content of 71.17%）,contained essential macroelements K ₂O and P ₂O ₅（with a relative content of 2.02%）,essential medium elements CaO,SO ₃,MgO（with a relative content of 18.00%）,and essential trace elements Fe ₂O ₃,MnO,ZnO,CuO,NiO（with a relative content of 6.73%）,all of which were beneficial for plant growth. At 240.5 g/kg,the content of total organic carbon was high. The ratio of light and heavy fraction organic carbon was around 1 ∶ 4. Applying coal slime optimized the particle size composition of sandy soil and increased the content of clay particles（ d<2 μm）and powder particles（2~50 μm）with increases of 1.01-4.95 percentage points and 0.21-0.71 percentage points respectively. The proportion of capillary pores in sandy soil increased by 2.29% to 16.46%. The non capillary pore ratio of sandy soil reduced by 1.12% to 45.42%. The available water content of sandy soil increased by 1.04% to 18.89%. Compared with CK,both L-3 and L-4 treatments significantly（ P<0.05）increased the content of clay and powder particles in sandy soil and significantly reduced the bulk density of sandy soil. L-3 treatment had the highest proportion of soil capillary pores of 24.90%,lowest proportion of non capillary pores of 6.31% and the highest proportion of soil available water to water loss of 75.27%.【Conclusion】Coal slime had low levels of heavy metals and met the safety index criteria of Soil Quality for Land Improvement of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Disposal,with high water retention capacity,rich in various elements,and could provide sufficient organic carbon. It had good improvement effects on the physical properties of sandy soil. Within the scope of the experiment,the best effect achieved when the amount of coal slime applied at 75 t/hm ².

In the genetic breeding of edible mushroom,protoplast fusion technology offers a lot of potential. It breaks through barriers across species,genera,and even families,allowing for the fusion and creation of new strains. It′s crucial for improving current edible mushrooms strains,developing new strains,and domesticating rare wild edible mushrooms. This paper reviewed current research progress in the influencing factors of protoplast preparation and regeneration,fusion methods,fusant identification methods and breeding of edible mushroom,in order to provide ideas and method basis for the genetic breeding of edible mushroom.

【Objective】To determine the optimal ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS）mutagensis concentration and treatment time frame in sunflower seeds.【Methods】Using oil-seed sunflower JK103,S18 and edible sunflower Bakui 138 and Keyang No.7 as test materials,the germination potential,germination rate,and relative germination rate of sunflower seeds were analyzed under EMS treatment with gradient concentration（0,0.1%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%）and three treatment time span（6,12,24 h）to determine the optimal conditions.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sunflower seeds were affected by the EMS solution concentration and mutagenic time. Sunflower seeds,especially oil-seed was quite tolerant to EMS. In the later stages of mutagensis,edible seeds became more sensitive to EMS as the treatment duration increases. The optimal mutagenic conditions of sunflower EMS treatment varied depending on the variety.【Conclusion】According to the principle of semi-lethal condition,the optimal concentration and treatment time are,for oil-seed,48 h after germination treated with 1.0%-1.5% EMS solution for 12-24 h,for edible-seed,48-72 h after germination treated with 1.0%-1.5% EMS solution for 6-12 h.

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to introduce Chinese barley varieties to Mongolia for trial planting,so as to screen new varieties of high-yield and high-quality barley suitable for planting in Mongolia.【Methods】The experiment was implemented in Sumu Baonuer,Central Province,Mongolia,which was the main area of barley planting. There were 9 varieties in the experiment,including 6 barley varieties from Inner Mongolia of China（Mengpimai No. 1,Mengpimai No. 2,Mengpimai No. 3,Mengpimai No. 4,Mengpimai No. 5,and Mengpimai No. 6）,2 varieties from Russia（PA-459,PA-412/6,newly introduced varieties by Mongolian Agricultural University）,and a control variety from Mongolia（BURKHANT-1）. The growth period,growth indexes,yield traits,yield and grain quality indexes of the 9 varieties were analyzed and compared.【Results】Mengpimai No. 4 had the shortest growth period of 88 d and was an early maturing variety. The seedling retention rate of Mengpimai No. 5 was the highest（60.7%）,which was significantly higher than that of the other varieties（ P<0.05）. The total panicle number of Mengpimai No. 5 was the highest（5 102 600 panicle/hm ²）,which was significantly higher than that of CK（ P<0.05）. The biomass of PA-459 was the highest（3 601.80 kg/hm ²）,which was significantly higher than that of CK（ P<0.05）. The biomass of Mengpimai No. 5 was 3 037.50 kg/hm ²,which had no significant difference with that of PA-459（ P>0.05）. The kernel number and weight of main panicle of Mengpimai No. 3 were 38.4 and 1.69 g,which were significantly higher than those of the other varieties（ P<0.05）. The yield of Mengpimai No. 5 was the highest（1 580.1 kg/hm ²）,which was 99.99% higher than that of CK（ P<0.05）. The protein content of Mengpimai No. 5 was the lowest（14.7%）,which was suitable for both feeding and beer.【Conclusion】Mengpimai No. 5 had high yield and good quality for both feeding and beer,and it was suitable for promotion in Mongolia.

【Objective】To investigate the pesticide residues in intensively planted spinach,as well as the risk associated with dietary exposure of pesticide residues in spinach.【Methods】Pesticide residues were measured in 80 spinach samples intensively planted in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia. The chronic and acute dietary exposure risk assessment model was used to assess the dietary exposure risk of pesticide residues in the spinach. The pesticide risk ranking was done using the British Veterinary Drug Residue Committee′s veterinary drug residue risk ranking matrix to assess the health risk caused by pesticide residues.【Results】Pesticide residues from 16 different pesticides were found in spinach samples,mostly insecticides and low hazardous pesticides. The content was 0.002 0 to 1.280 0 mg/kg,the detection rate was 2.5% to 30.0%,and the over standard rate was 2.5%. The likelihood of chronic and acute dietary exposure to the insecticide Fluoronitrile exceeding the standard was less than 100%,posing neither long-term or short-term damage to human health. Pesticide residues with a risk value of less than 30 were classified as low-risk pesticide residues.【Conclusion】Pesticide residues were safe in spinach intensive production,and the danger of dietary exposure to pesticide residues was low. However Fluoronitrile was a potential risk factor,oversight of banned pesticides should be strengthened.

【Objective】To determine the effect of various storage methods on the quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in order to provide a reference for the advancement of Jerusalem artichoke tubers storage and preservation technologies.【Methods】The tubers of Tumet Jerusalem artichoke were preserved in cellars,warehouses,and the soil once they were harvested and dried. Every 30 days,the dry matter,reducing sugar,and inulin contents were tested,and variations in tuber appearance were noticed,as well as the rotting rate and germination rate were calculated.【Results】Under three storage methods,the quantities of dry matter,reducing sugar,and inulin of Jerusalem artichoke tubers varied significantly（ P<0.05）. After 120 d of storage,the dry matter content of the cellar,warehouse,and soil storage decreased by 10.40%,16.77%,and 27.83%,whereas the inulin content decreased by 11.60%,4.45%,and 33.47%,respectively. The reducing sugar content decreased by 44.54%,12.82% for cellar and warehouse storage,and increased by 51.13% for the soil storage. The rotting rate and germination rate of Jerusalem artichoke tubers were both zero after cellaring. Some tubers rotted in warehouse storage,with a 7% rotting rate after 120 d. For soil storage,Jerusalem artichoke tubers germination appeared,with a 97% germination rate after 120 d.【Conclusion】Cellaring successfully extended Jerusalem artichoke tubers storage and preservation duration,reduced nutrient consumption,and preserved good appearance and quality. Within 90 d of soil storage,the appearance of Jerusalem artichoke tubers remained unchanged,yet the inulin content reduced dramatically. The Jerusalem artichoke tubers could be stored in the soil,the cellar,or a combination of the two to ensure tuber quality and extend storage period.

【Objective】To assess the degree of Phytophthora resistance of pepper germplasm resources and examine the indoor antifungal activity of common chemical agents against Phytophthora capsici，in order to provide guidance for the prevention and control of Phytophthora.【Methods】The resistance of 28 pepper germplasm resources to Phytophthora capsici was evaluated by root inoculation. The sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici S90 to 16 common fungicides in the market was analyzed by mycelial growth rate method.【Results】The disease resistance of different pepper germplasm resources was significantly different，and the disease index was 0-100. Among them，the disease index of C164，C186，C167，C189，Beixing No.1 and Beixing No. 6 was 0，showing high resistance，accounting for 21.43% of the total resources. There were 1 medium resistant and 21 highly susceptible materials，accounting for 3.57% and 75.00% of the total resources，respectively. Among the 16 fungicides，the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory activity of P. capsici S90，with EC₅₀ value at 6.935 0 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of iprodione，carbendazim，myclobutanil，ethylicin and pyraclostrobin were 21.504 7 to 93.587 8 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of other fungicides were all greater than 100 mg/L，among which，fluopyramotri·floxystrobin and chlorobromoisocy anuric acid had no inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90.【Conclusion】In the tested pepper germplasm resources，there were six varieties with high Phytophthora capsici resistance. Among the 16 fungicides tested，the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90. Iprodione，carbendazim，myclobutanil，ethylicin and pyraclostrobin also had some inhibitory activities that could be used as effective fungicides for controlling Phytophthora.

【Objective】To investigate the dwarfing effect of plant growth retardants on Hemerocallis hence improve its ornamental value.【Methods】Different concentrations of Paclobutrazol（PP ₃₃₃）,Uniconazole（S ₃₃₀₇）,Chlormequat Chloride（CCC）,and B ₉ were applied to Hemerocallis variety‘little Anna Rosa’ by pot soil application or leaf spraying with water as control. The effects of plant growth retardants on plant morphology,leaf characteristics,and flowering of Hemerocallis were investigated.【Results】All of the treatments had an inhibitory effect on‘little Anna Rosa’ plant morphology,with the treatment of spraying 60 mg/L S ₃₃₀₇ on the leaf having the most evident inhibitory effect. In comparison to the control,the plant height and crown width both decreased by 52.32% and 36.68%,respectively;the stem diameter increased by 97.61%. In terms of application methods,leaf spraying PP ₃₃₃ and S ₃₃₀₇ had a better dwarfing effect on‘little Anna Rosa’ than pot soil application,whereas pot soil application CCC and B ₉ had a better dwarfing effect on‘little Anna Rosa’ than leaf spraying. Various treatments inhibited the leaves of the‘little Anna Rosa’,and the effect was positively related to the concentration. The leaf length,leaf width（excluding 40 mg/L S ₃₃₀₇）,and leaf area of the 60 mg/L S ₃₃₀₇ treatment were significantly smaller than the control and other treatments（ P<0.05）,with reductions of 29.47%,35.44%,and 54.46% respectively,as compare to the control. In terms of application methods,leaf spraying S ₃₃₀₇（excluding 20 mg/L）had significantly higher inhibitory effect on leaf length and leaf area than pot soil treatment（ P<0.05）. While pot soil treatment of CCC and B ₉ had a higher inhibitory effect on leaf length,leaf width,and leaf area of than leaf spraying. Various treatments increased the flower diameter of ‘little Anna Rosa’. The flower diameter of 60 mg/L S ₃₃₀₇ was significantly higher than that of the control and other treatments（ P<0.05）,which was 65.00% higher than control. In terms of retardants toxicity,high concentrations of PP ₃₃₃,CCC and B ₉ caused the plants to stop blooming. The S ₃₃₀₇,on the other hand,had no toxicity and allowed the plant to bloom normally. 【Conclusion】Leaf spraying with 60 mg/L S ₃₃₀₇ boosted the ornamental value of potted Hemerocallis,resulting in a dwarf and compact plant,smaller leaves,dense green foliage,and larger flower diameter.

【Objective】To find the optimal fertilization method through research on the diurnal variation of millet′s photosynthetic properties throughout the filling stage. To provide a reference for improving the production and industrial growth of side crops in Ordos City，Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In the test site at Shagedu，Junggar Banner，using Jinmiao K1 as test variety，five fertilization treatments were set up：phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（PK，blank），nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（NPK，control），replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with sheep manure（N+SM），replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer（N+BM），and replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with slow-release compound fertilizer（N+HM）. The membrane side planting was used to analyse the differences in millet leaf area，diurnal variations in photosynthetic properties during filling stage and yield.【Results】The leaf area of Jinmiao K1 in N+BM treatment was higher than that in other treatments after jointing stage. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of different treatments showed bimodal curve change and had photosynthetic midday break. The net photosynthetic rate of N+BM treatment was the highest at 17.5 μmol/（m²·s）. The highest transpiration rate of each treatment appeared from 12：00 to 14：00. The diurnal variation of intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a‘V’ shaped trend. The intercellular CO₂ concentration in N+BM treatment was the lowest at 39.2 mmol/（m²·s）. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of each treatment had the same trend with the lowest value appeared from 12：00 to 14：00. At 12：00，the stomatal conductance of N+BM treatment was 33.3% lower than that of NPK treatment. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with the transpiration rate，and extreme significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance. The grain yield of N+BM treatment reached 5 122 kg/hm²，which was 16.2% higher than that of NPK treatment.【Conclusion】Replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer improved the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation capacity of millet in the later stage，increased yield，was a suitable fertilization method in Ordos City.

【Objective】To determine the optimal temperature and time for dry-heat treatment to destroy fungi and bacteria mixed in cucumber seed without affecting seed germination.【Methods】Cucumber seeds were dried at 60,70,80,90,and 100 ℃ for 2,4,6,8,10,and 12 h,with seeds without dry-heat treatment used as control（CK）. The germination energy and germination rate were assessed. The inactivation rates of fungal and bacterial on cucumber seed were tested in PDA and LB medium.【Results】The germination rate of cucumber seeds decreased significantly（ P<0.05）when the dry-heat treatment was over 80 ℃. In PDA medium,the inactivation rate of fungi was significantly higher than that of CK（ P<0.05）after treatment at 70 ℃ and 80 ℃ for 2,4,6,8,10,and 12 h,with the inactivation rate of 70 ℃ for 4 h being the highest,at 97.33%. In LB medium,after treatment at 70 ℃ and 80 ℃ for 2,4,6,8,10,and 12 h,the inactivation rate of bacteria was significantly higher than that of CK（ P<0.05）,with the inactivation rate of 70 ℃ for 4 h being the highest,at 96.67%.【Conclusion】Under dry-heat treatment,cucumber seeds germinated normally and the optimal treatment of best inactivation efficacy of fungi and bacteria was 70 ℃ for 4 h.

Potassium is a crucial nutrient component for the growth and development of potato plant. In recent years,more and more attention have been paid on the interaction and balance between potassium and calcium,magnesium. This paper reviewed relevant research,with a focus on the interaction between potassium and calcium,magnesium in potato nutrient absorption and distribution and its impact on potato chlorophyll content,yield,and quality,also prospected the future research direction on nutrient interaction between potassium and calcium,magnesium,in order to provide references for the effective utilization of potato nutrient resources and high quality and yield.

【Objective】To address the demands of large-scale planting of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,a large-scale regeneration system using tissue culture seedlings of the plant was constructed.【Methods】The explants of Xanthoceras sorbifolia were induced by tissue culture using the stem segments of the plant as experimental materials. The effects of various hormone doses on the induction,proliferation,and rooting of adventitious buds were examined to determine the optimal medium for Xanthoceras sorbifolia tissue culture.【Results】For adventitious bud induction,MS+0.10 mg/L TDZ+1.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.02 mg/L NAA+0.50 mg/L AC(activated carbon)medium had the highest induction rate of 68.57%. MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L AC+1.0 mg/L GA₃+1.0 g/L Ca(NO₃)₂ medium had the highest proliferation coefficient of 3.20. Rooting medium 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA had the highest rooting rate of 65.56%. Equal proportion mixture of perlite,pine needle soil and pastoral soil as the transplanting medium significantly increased the survival rate of sorbent seedlings,which was 88.75%.【Conclusion】The optimal adventitious bud medium was MS+0.10 mg/L TDZ+1.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.02 mg/L NAA+0.50 mg/L AC. The optimal proliferation medium was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L AC+1.0 mg/L GA₃+1.0 g/L Ca(NO₃)₂. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA. And the optimal transplanting medium was equal proportion mixture of perlite,pine needle soil and pastoral soil.

【Objective】To identify the pathogen causing Denglonghong muskmelon Fusarium wilt in Wuyuan County,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia,and investigate the disease response to plant immune inducers and plant-derived fungicide.【Methods】Tissue isolation method was used to isolate the Fusarium wilt pathogen from Denglonghong muskmelon,and Koch′s rule was used to assess its pathogenicity. The in door efficacy of four drugs（plant immune inducers JM1,JM2,JM3,and plant-derived fungicide Osthol）was evaluated using potted plants.【Results】The fungi isolated from muskmelon with wilting symptoms could inoculate muskmelon seedlings and cause typical muskmelon wilt symptoms. The strain was named TG2. According to the colony,spore characteristics,spore morphology and ITS sequence,it was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. JM1,JM2,JM3,and Osthol each demonstrated a control effect on the Fusarium wilt of 45.99%,61.43%,15.13%,and 65.28%,respectively. 【Conclusion】The pathogen that Causes Denglonghong muskmelon Fusarium wilt in Wuyuan County was Fusarium oxysporum. Plant immune inducer JM2,and plant-derived fungicide Osthol had better control effect.