In recent years,forming a variety of rice planting mode based on the main categories of machine insertion,hand insertion and direct seeding in the Huang and Huai valley.It is ongoing debate about whether or not the direct seeding rice can be safely planted in this rice growing area with transplanting rice.The advantages and disadvantages,research progress of important agronomic traits and key cultivation techniques of direct seeding rice planting in the Huang and Huai valley were reviewed,and the aim of direct seeding rice breeding was put forward in the paper.

Under field conditions,study on the effects of sowing date and density ratio on yield and component factors of high yield wheat variety Luomai 23,2 years with Luomai 23 as test material,using randomized block design.The results showed：different sowing date,panicle number,grain number per spike and grain yield were significantly higher in October 5th and October 25th than in October 15th,5.05% and 4.19%,6.71% and 6.27%,15.83% and 16.67%,respectively,compared with October 25th;1 000 grain weight was higher in October 5th than in October 25th,higher in October 5th than in October 15th and 2.76% in October 25th and 6.44% in October 15th,compared with 3.58% higher in October 15th than in October 25th;different density,spike number 262.5 kg/hm^2 and 375.0 kg/hm^2 were significantly higher than that of 150.0 kg/hm^2;respectively 3.55% and 3.95% higher than 150.0 kg/hm^2;262.5 kg/hm^2 yield was significantly higher than that of 150.0 kg/hm^2 and 375.0 kg/hm^2;150.0 kg/hm^2 and 375.0 kg/hm^2 were respectively 3.56% and 4.54%;there was no significant difference between grain number and grain weight among different density.Under the interaction of 2 factors,the number of October15th sowing with 262.5 kg/hm^2 was the highest;the number of grain per spike of the October 5th seeding configuration150.0 kg/hm^2 was the highest,and the 1 000 grain weight of the October 5th seeding configuration 262.5 kg/hm^2 was the highest,and the yield was sown in October 15th and 262.5 kg/hm^2 can reach higher yield.

Appling microbiology in traditional isolation and screening methods,14 strains were activated and preserved.And the test strains were stained,biochemical identified and the amylase strain screened firstly and screened secondly.The purpose of this test was to screen the strains producing amylase stronger,and the enzyme activity were identified.The results showed that among strains codenamed HZ9,HZ23 were lactic acid bacteria.Their capability of breaking down starch was relatively weak.But the HZ4 and HZ5 were bacillus.Their capability of breaking down starch was strong.The strains growth vigorously,metabolize strongly,and produce quickly at 37 ℃.The other strains did not have the degrading ability on starch.Thus,by screening to produce amylase and strong active strain were HZ4 and HZ5.

To facilitate the process of data acquisition,analysis and final date report in variety test summary,an application method to digitalize data entry using MS Excel is proposed.The design ideas and application of key functions is introduced in this paper,and also the further refinement of the approach has been proposed.This application method could also be adopted by other users to speed up the progress of their works.

To provide a scientific basis for oats fertilizing in the farming-grazing transitional zone（FGTC） of China,the abundance-deficiency index（ADI） of soil N and the appropriate nitrogen application rates（ANAR） of different N abundance-deficiency level soil for oats in the FGTC of China.The method of regression equation between soil available nutrient content and relative yield of the treatment with complete nutrients except one,the improved scheme for the grading of soil available nutrients abundance-deficiency,and the new applied formula based on ＂nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield＂ for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed.The results showed that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen for oats in the FGTC of China for the second to seventh level were≥248,161-250,105-161,69-105,45-69 and 45 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil total nitrogen for oats in the FGTC of China for the second to eighth level were ≥2.9、2.0 -2.9、1.4 -2.0、1.0 -1.4、1.0-0.7、0.5-0.7 和 0.5 g/kg,respectively.When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season is 40%,and the projected yield of oats is1.5-6.0 t/hm^2,the ranges of ANAR for the first to eighth level soil are 0-0,11-45,23-90,34-135,45-180,56-225,68-270 and 89-315 kg/hm^2,respectively.

It was researched that the fertilizer effect of drip irrigation potato was applied urea ammonium nitrate solution（UAN）by the method of field experiment and laboratory analysis.Results indicated that：Yield of potato was increased significantly by applying NPK fertilizer,increased by 23.5%,18.3%,and 14.8%,respectively.Fertilization utilization efficiency of N,P,K were 46.0%,15.9%,53.7% on potato,respectively.Per tuber weight,rate of commodity and fertilize utilization were increased significantly by applying NPK fertilizer.Potato tuber starch content was decreased 1.04 percent point by applying nitrogen fertilizer,however,it was not influenced by application of UAN and urea treatment.

Under the condition of increasing CO2 concentration to 1 200 mg/kg,using the test tomato material CM966,cherry tomatoes Huang Ma milk,the yield,quality and determination of disease analysis aims to provide theory basis for greenhouse tomato to improve yield and quality.Greenhouse conditions and test results showed that CO2 concentration to 1 200 mg/kg increase the average weight,prophase commodities fruit yield,fruit production,soluble solids of CM966 and Huang Ma milk,and had extremely significant difference;the condition of applying CO2 concentration to 1 200 mg/kg effectively inhibited the occurrence of leaf mildew of CM966 and Huang Ma milk.

In order to select the improvement measures with better effect on saline-alkali land,by planting oats,using straw returned with different microbial fertilizer level to improve it.And study on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil affected by eight treatments that they were traditional management（A）,straw decayed returned（AF）,plus 750 kg/hm^2 microbial fertilizer（B）,straw decayed returned and plus 750 kg/hm^2 microbial fertilizer（BF）,plus 1 500 kg/hm^2 microbial fertilizer（C）,straw decayed returned and plus 1 500 kg/hm^2 microbial fertilizer（CF）,plus 2 250 kg/hm^2 microbial fertilizer（D） and straw decayed returned and plus 2 250 kg/hm^2 microbial fertilizer（DF）.And to further explore the improvement mechanism.By Correlation analysis for soil index of oat in the heading stage and filling stage,It was found that soil water content had significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the SMB-N,catalase,Alkaline phosphatase（ALP）enzymes of soil;And that SMB-C,SMB-N,urease,sucrase enzymes there were significant or extremely significant positive correlation between each other.The results showed that：Both the straw returned and researches two kinds of measures can improve the soil properties to some degree.The treatment of CF had obvious improvement effect.It＇s soil water content was higher,can significantly（P0.05） enhance content of SMB-C,SMB-N and activities of sucrase,urease,catalase and ALP.Combining with straw,the best applying content of microbial fertilizer was 1 500 kg/hm^2,this way that can be used as the best measures to improve the saline-alkali land.

In order to study the technical measures of high yield and quality of alfalfa in Hetao area,the effects of different application of boron,zinc and molybdenum on the yield and quality of alfalfa were studied on the basis of using phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.The results showed that reasonable application of boron,molybdenum and zinc can increase the yield of alfalfa on the basis of using proper amount of N,P and K fertilizers,and single application of boron or zinc can significantly increase the yield（P 0.01）.Application of boron 2 treatment increase the yield by 43.15% for the first stubble and 25.48% for the second stubble and total yield increased by 31.99% as compared to the control treatment.Application of zinc 3 treatment increase the yield by 36.77% for the first stubble,28.59% for the second stubble and total yield increased by 31.70%.Application of molybdenum 3 treatment increase the crude protein content by2.67 percentage points for the first stubble,2.78 percentage points for the second stubble and 1.01 percentage points for the third stubble as compared with the control treatment,application of molybdenum or zinc have significantly effects improving the quality of alfalfa（P〈0.05）.The crude fat content increased by 1.39 percentage points for the first stubble,1.25 percentage points for the second stubble and 0.48 percentage points for the third stubble.Application of zinc 3 treatment can increase crude protein content by 2.34 percentage points for the first stubble,2.39 percentage points for the second stubble and 0.94 percentage points for the third stubble and crude fat content increased by 1.30 percentage points for the first stubble,1.04 percentage points for the second stubble,0.32 percentage points for the third stubble.

To study the effects of different land use patterns on soil cultivable microorganisms in the Yijianfang nursery.The numbers of soil cultivable microorganisms were determined using dilution plate method.The results showed that：（1）under different land use patterns,the number of soil cultivable microorganisms was significantly different.The proportion of actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in woodland was higher than bacteria and fungi,the proportion of bacteria and actinomycetes in farmland was significantly higher than fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.（2）the number of soil cultivable microorganisms decreased in the same land use pattern while soil depth increased.（3）by the correlation analysis,the correlation was different in soil cultivable microbial community,moreover,there existed an especially positive correlation between bacterial and fungal indifferent land use patterns（P〈0.01）.

This experiment selected phosphorus inefficient varieties MANIC and phosphorus efficient varieties V7,under normal P（1.0 mmol/L KH2PO4）and low phosphorus stress（0.1 mmol/L KH2PO4） two levels,through hydroponic experiments,and the differences of phosphorus efficiency of different oat varieties root secreted acid phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity in different leaves were studied.The results showed that the phosphatase activity of root and leaf secreted by the high efficient oat cultivar V7 and the low efficiency oat cultivar MANIC increased significantly under low phosphorus stress,indicating that the secretion of acid phosphatase in plants was an adaptive mechanism for low phosphorus stress.The activity of acid phosphatase secreted by root and leaf of V7 were higher than that of MANIC,and the difference was significant.The results showed that the utilization efficiency of phosphorus was higher under the condition of phosphorus deficiency.

At present,the potato verticillium wilt in recent years has become a serious impact on the main potato producing areas of one of the important diseases,how effective control of potato verticillium wilt has become an urgent need to solve the problem.Through the separation and screening of highly efficient biocontrol strains,the rational use of biological control means to control the potato verticillium wilt is imminent.The results showed that Trichoderma strain M-17 was a strain with good control effect.The results showed that Trichoderma strain M-17 was a good control strain.The control effect of strain M-17 was 52.14% and 62.14% respectively in the control of field control effect in different areas,and the control effect was higher than that of chemical agent.Therefore,the results of comprehensive indoor and field experiments showed that M-17 was relatively stable,and it was a biocontrol strain with good biocontrol effect.According to the results of molecular biology and morphological classification in the health of potato verticillium wilt has a greater development prospects.

In this experiment,Sedum engleri Hamet and Purple emperor Sedum as test material in different concentrations of heavy metals under the stress of Cd,using the method of greenhouse pot experiment,the growth index were determined.With the purpose of toxic effects of cadmium on two species of Sedum,the main results were as follows：plant height and leaf number were not observably affected under cadmium stress.With Cadmium concentration increased,two kinds of Sedum root,stem,leaf,flower biomass showed a decreasing trend,the higher concentration,the stronger inhibitory effect of Cd on two Sedum biomass.With increasing cadmium concentration,the total length,root surface area,root diameter,root volume,tip number of Purple emperor Sedum and Sedum engleri Hamet were decreased.The root length,root surface area,root tip number of Sedum engleri Hamet were significantly inhibited under high concentrations of cadmium stress.Sedum engleri Hamet and Purple emperor Sedum are potential as a plant repair material.

Using ERA-20C reanalysis data and the daily snow depth data of 16 sites in Hulun Buir from 1981 to 2010,the differences between ERA-20C snow data and observation data were analyzed.The results showed that ERA-20C reanalysis of snow depth data and Hulun Buir station data were consistent,can be better to reproduce the observed snow depth of the temporal and spatial trends,and the correlation coefficient of the observation passed 99.9% of the reliability test.In the agricultural area,pastoral areas in winter and spring were high estimates;agricultural area relative deviation was larger;but forest area in winter showed a low estimate.

In the paper the forestry carbon sink market of China in the context of coping with climate change was studied and the basic situation,the practice process and the development status of forestry carbon sink projects were elaborated under different transaction mechanisms,the main problems in the current forestry carbon sink market were put forward.The four coping strategies for the problems were：making property rights clear,developing carbon sink projects scientifically,expanding the market demand and transaction scale,strengthening and standardizing the publicity as well as promotion.

A rapid detection of eight kinds of pesticide residues in red bean,mung bean and sorghum rice was established.The samples were extracted by acetonitrile and detected by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Two steps of purification and concentration were simplified.Results show that standard addition recovery rate of eight kinds of pesticide residues was 80.20%-125.55% and relative standard deviation was 0.2%-7.0%.The standard addition recovery rates of seven pesticide residues were in the allowed range besides one is slightly higher than 120%.The method could be used in the determination of many kinds of pesticide residues in grain.

Highway comprehensive research and governance is the first place of fixed quicksand,planted on both sides of highway sand-fixation forest,which mainly is to prevent the sand flow on the road damage.Therefore,it is particularly important for the choice of sand-fixation plants.Experiment results showed that the jujube in the lower hilly area of the slope of the sandbank growth was vigorous,but the windward slope was poor;the flower bar and shuttle had not strict requirements for planting site;sand willow was not suitable for planting in this area;fast growth rate,survival rate and high retention rate can be used as the priority tree species for sand fixation plants.The influence of different configuration methods on the growth indexes of the fixed sand forest was not obvious,but the block-shaped planting was easy to be self-thinning,and the belt was optimized with zonal arrangement.The survival rate and growth rate of planting plants were improved by using new technology and new materials,and the effect of ABT3 root powder was most obvious.

Using rare earth agricultural light,invented by Chinese Academy of Sciences recently,as experimental light,the effects of the different wave length lights and different light time had been investigated on the tomato growth and flowering.The results showed that,compared with the control group and the ordinary LED light treatment,seedling index of the treatments with 450 nm、650 nm and 450 nm ＋650 nm rare earth agricultural lights were increased,adding blue and red light 6 h were more conducive to the formation of high quality seedling and the seedling index was increased with the increasing light time;the initial floral node with filling light was raised,meanwhile,the initial flowering time of tomato was also delayed.

The Cucumber inbred lines and their F1 hybrids were used as materials in this study,the experiment aimed to evaluate the cold tolerance of cucumber by studying the field sprouting rate and sprouting index in April 10th,April 15th,April 20th.Simultaneously,the soil temperature,air temperature and relative humidity under three sowing dates were investigated.The results showed that there was a significant difference in the sprouting ability of different cucumber materials in different sowing time,by which the test materials of this group were divided into three grades.The hybrids of Chang×Jin,Chang×Ning,Xin×Jin,Xin×Ning and Shan×Jin were belonged to strong low temperature resistant materials;the hybrids of Shan×Ning,the lines of Chang×Shan were belonged to mid low temperature resistant materials;the lines of Xintai,Jinyan and Ningyang were belonged to weak low temperature resistant materials.

LED light source is an energy conservation and environmental protection artificial light source that been used widely in plant production.Compared with natural cultivation under the natural light,artificial light increases extra expense.Therefore,it is of great importance to boost yield and quality to optimize the efficiency of LED light source.This text is to summarize research results for the past few years and knows the effect of quality of LED,the light intensity,and photoperiod on the growth and development of strawberry.In conclusion,the combination of yellow,red and blue light is the most optimal,which can increase the output and quality of fruits.What＇s more,the ratio of yellow,red and blue light is respectively 3∶2∶1,which is the nearest spectrum that the plants need to photosynthesize.It provides theoretical basis for designing personalized strawberry lamps of an energy conservation and environmental protection.

Our country has the world＇s second largest grassland area in the world,effective,efficient,continuous,large-scale monitoring of the conditions and its dynamic changes of the grassland,plays an important supporting role in reasonable utilization of grassland resources to realize the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry.In this paper,research progress and application of hyperspectral remote sensing in grassland were reviewed.The results showed that hyperspectral remote sensing with its fast,convenient and accurate advantages had been widely used in grassland yield estimation,grassland degradation monitoring,and quality measurement of forage,grassland species,flowering meadows and recognition and so on in the regional or global scale.In the future,high resolution image datas,combined with remote sensing ecological measurements and a variety of advanced technology,and a variety of data analysis and processing method to achieve quantitative analysis of grassland and dynamic monitoring,has a broad application prospect.

The staple food of potato is of great significance to enrich the dietary structure of the people and ensure food security in China.Inner Mongolia Region is the dominant area of potato and the scale of production has been maintained at a high level for a long time,and the deep promotion of the food strategy has a far-reaching effect.This paper makes a comparative analysis on the current situation of potato planting in Inner Mongolia,such as planting area,yield and the use of agricultural products such as fertilizer,pesticide and agricultural film have been combed in recent years.At the same time,combined with the research practice,the paper focusing analysis on the standardization of potato production,potato quality and safety requirements,potato staple food of the inevitability,feasibility and problems,which aims to provide some ideas and suggestions for the development of potato industry,quality and safety and grain development.

From the division of duties of departments and agencies and the acceptance process and the required attachments which is necessary to grasp and the ability which financial assistant should have three aspects,the research institutes should carry out their work in all kinds of major projects to implement the financial power,and the project focus for auditing department was point out in the article.

Research progress of application of ultra-high pressure technology in food production was expounded and the problems and the countermeasures of ultra-high pressure technology in food production were analyzed and put forward.The prospects of instantaneous high-pressure technology was forecast.