北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 27-33.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.02.05

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥减施、增施有机肥及微生物菌肥对辣椒生长性状、营养品质及产量的影响

杨志刚1, 胡栓红1, 常海文1, 张俊1, 王勇1, 左明湖2, 张明3, 王海水2   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 蔬菜研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.开鲁县农业技术推广中心,内蒙古 开鲁 028000;
    3.巴林右旗农业技术推广站,内蒙古 大板镇 025150
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-18 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-07-17
  • 作者简介:杨志刚(1984—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事蔬菜育种和栽培技术的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201205); 内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目(2018CXJJN04); 内蒙古科技厅应用与研究开发计划项目(2019GG339); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019BS03031)

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduced, organic and microbial fertilizer increased on the growth, quality and yield of pepper

YANG Zhigang1, HU Shuanhong1, CHANG Haiwen1, ZHANG Jun1, WANG Yong1, ZUO Minghu2, ZHANG Ming3, WANG Haishui2   

  1. 1. Vegetable Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Agricultural Technique Extension Center of Kailu County,Kailu 028000,China;
    3. Agricultural Technique Extension Center of Bairin Right Banner,Daban Town 025150,China
  • Received:2020-02-18 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-07-17

摘要: 【目的】研究氮肥减施,增施有机肥、增施微生物菌肥对辣椒的影响,为解决辣椒化学氮肥施用量大的问题、实现节本增效提供有效技术措施。【方法】以辣椒“北星六号”为试验材料,共设9个处理,其中,以农民常规施N肥量268.8 kg/hm2为对照,设定减施N 30%、减施N 45% 2个N肥减施水平,并在2个减施N肥试验水平上分别设定增施有机肥、微生物菌肥、有机肥替代尿素增施微生物菌肥、纯施尿素4个处理。【结果】在农民常规施肥的基础上减施N肥30%对辣椒营养生长和产量影响较小,其中减施N肥30%+有机肥替代尿素+增施微生物菌肥的处理T8产量最高,为40 056.0 kg/hm2;但减施N肥45%辣椒营养生长开始受限,产量也有不同程度的降低。随着减施N肥量的增加,辣椒果实中的亚硝酸盐和VC含量呈降低变化趋势。减施N肥30%水平下,增施微生物菌肥、有机肥替代尿素、有机肥替代尿素增施微生物菌肥处理辣椒营养生长指标显著提高。在不同减施N肥水平下,增施微生物菌肥、有机肥替代尿素、有机肥替代尿素增施微生物菌肥处理辣椒VC含量均较纯施用尿素处理显著提高。【结论】减施N肥30%基础上采用有机肥替代尿素同时增施微生物菌肥是较优的化肥减施方案。

关键词: 辣椒, 氮肥减施, 有机肥, 微生物菌肥, 生长性状, 营养品质, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To provide effective technical measures for resolving over use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, decreasing costs and increasing benefit in dry pepper.【Methods】The experiment with the material of “Beixing No.6” pepper, the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced and microbial fertilizer increased on the growth, quality and yield of dry pepper were studied. a total of 9 treatments designed, among them,268.8 kg/hm2 N fertilization as control,and 2 N fertilization reduction level of 30% and 45% decrement, based on this 2 N fertilization reduction level, 4 treatments designed including microbial fertilizer increased, organic fertilizer increased, organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer, and pure urea.【Results】The results showed that the treatment of T8, N fertilization reduction 30% has little influence on yields of pepper, and the highest yield was N fertilization reduction 30%+organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer,at 40 056.0 kg/hm2. But when N fertilization reduction 45%, vegetative growth began to be limited, yield also decreased in different degrees. With the increasing of N fertilization reduction, nitrite and ascorbic acid content of pepper fruit showed decreasing tendency. Three treatments(microbial fertilizer,organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer) significantly increased pepper growth index under the level of N fertilization reduction 30%. Compared with the treatment of urea only, treatments of microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer could significantly improve ascorbic acid content of pepper fruit under the different level of N fertilization reduction.【Conclusion】Optimum fertilizing scheme was N fertilization reduction 30%+organic fertilizer+ microbial fertilizer.

Key words: Pepper, Nitrogen-reduction, Organic fertilizer, Microbial fertilizer, Growth traits, Nutritional quality, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S641.3