To analyze the plight of rural Shandong institutional change,we found that path dependence are important factors in informal systems,and then we analyze that the Confucian culture,family awareness,the planned economy system based on heritage and the ideas of tradition of commodity economy and legacy systems in rural Shandong,finally we put forward ideas that rely on economic,information technology and strengthen the informal system of communication to break through the informal system path dependence in rural Shandong province.

Expand the study by discuss the necessity of construct and develop for rural land transfer intermediary organization and the nature,function, model of it.Through the investigation in XiaoShan,Hangzhou city,We analysis of the main problems of current rural land Intermediary organizations.We believe that the main question is system and legal construction is not perfect. On the basis of the problems,we propose the specific policy recommendations about construct and develop for rural land transfer intermediary organization.

Agro-technical popularization to new benefits, not only technology is better, the key is to let farmers willing to accept, make its translated into real productive forces. This needs agro-technique extension personnel to constantly improve their own quality, understand the characteristics and its psychological farmers, the suitable method to effectively communicate with farmers, reach consensus, make to promote agricultural science and technology achievements as soon as possible.

This paper is mainly on the basis of expatiating upon the development prospects and trends of potatoes industry and advantaged natural geographical conditions of the place of origin. The author carefully analyzes the Economic status and role of the potatoes of promoting Industrial structure adjustment, peasants＂ income and the increase in grain yield,and also analyzes the problems of the inadequate scientific research investment. According to which, the author put forward the ideas and strategies Objective and accurate of the development of potatoes in the town of Baoshi.

This paper is based on the detailed elaborating the concept,symptom and International and domestic situation of Brucellosis.And through making the investigation of epidemics of Brucellosis according to the County of Tuquan,the author analyzes the reason for improper prevention technology and some problems for peasants,and then summarizes application practice of the Administrative intervention in the epidemic area.

By reviewing three times change of grassland property system,this paper analyzes its influence on sustainable development of Inner Mongolia＇s pastoral areas and the current policy adjustments.Emphasize system and policy as a method or tool,it＇s efficiency not only rely on how to interact with the national system,fusion and support and efficiency of mechanism, hut also rely on the fusion between regional policy.

By on Han River basin converting also woodland 5 species 5a health forest min of typical configuration mode for investigation and soil erosion monitoring analysis,think different configuration mode its biological production and the soil erosion status the does not same,its results for： different configuration mode biological volume sort turn for bamboo〉Shulin Yang〉 Chinese fir forest〉pine forest〉chunshu forest.Results of the comparison of different configuration modes total productivity and biomass results are basically the same, and floors of the existing demand and total productivity is significantly positive.Surface runoff and sediment of the total followed by bamboo〈pine forest〈Shulin Yang〈Chinese fir forest〈ehunshu forest.

In this paper several typical kinds of soil in Changchun city were analyzed and studied.Based on the landuse types of Changchun city,the soil-researched region can be divided into five functional areas,such as the streets,parks, residential districts,schools, factories.Altogether 10 sampling areas.We analyzed the physical and chemical properties of the surface soil of those areas （0～30cm deep）,comparing the results with the natural soil in the surrounding areas,it indicated that： the physical and chemical properties of Changchun city Soil are very different from the natural soil.And different landuse forms have different effects on the soil.Based on the results of the urban soil research,we put forward some suggestions of making proper use of the soil in order to keep Changchun green.

The induced rates were different among different germless.The highest induced rates among fifteen materials was 8.09%,while the lowest was 2.11%,the average induction rate was 5.31%.The highest was four times as much as the lowest. There were differences among the induced rates with the same parents.Hainan base in 2009 to do the first Xianyu988 haploid induction rate 8.77%,（144/7922） / Z591 lowest haploid induction rate was 3.10%.The average induction rate was 8.52% in Hainan.Therefore, haploid induction rate is subject to parental genotypes and maternal haploid genetic background of different frequencies are very dlfferent.The female parent genotype on haploid induction rate has an important influence.

The corn is one of important foods in Erdos City,also is the main feed grain. Statistics show that the existing cultivated land was 556.0 ten thousand acres of Erdos City in 2009,the area of corn-planting is 428.6 ten thousand acres,76.8% of cultivated land area.Thereby increasing the corn production capacity of Erdos City , and planting of maize yield levels to stabilize grain production and ensure supply of feed grain to increase the income of grain farmers have very important significance.This paper studies the efficiency of maize production in Erdos City that uses date envelopment analysis method, measure the overall efficiency of maize production, technical efficiency and scale efficiency conditions, and propose ways to improve production factor input and policy recommendations to improve the management level of agricultural production in Erdos City,reduce the waste of recourse, reduce production costs,increase farmers income production.

The experiment was conducted in Xiangshan,Zhongwei,in Ningxia in 2009.Effects of water, organic fertilizer and density on pepper yield in sandy field were studied through 311-A application of optimal fitting saturated regressive design.The results showed that the effect of single factors on the yield was：Organic fertilizer〉water〉density; the effect of interaction two-factor on yield was：water＋density〉water＋organic fertilizer？organic fertilizer＋density.The results after simulated optimization showed the optimal combination of water,fertilizer and density was that the supplementary water was 6m^3/667m^2,fertilizer amount was 114kg/ 667m^2 and planting density was 4000plant/667m^2.The yield was 1582.12kg/667m^2.

In order to protect wild resources and realize artificial cultivation, the tender stems of Hyoscyamus bohemicus were used as material to do the research on callus induction and differentiation, rooting and transplanting of tube seedlings, finally establish the clone of Hyoscyamus bohemicus. The results show that the optimum medium for callus induction and subculture is MS＋BA0.4mg/L＋2,4-D1.2mg/L＋NAAO.4mg/.L.The optimum medium for callus differentiation is MS＋6-BAI.Omg/L＋NAAO.lmg/ L.1/3MS＋NAA0.1mg/L＋IAAO.Smg/L is the optimum medium for rooting and subculture.Colonization of plantlets grows vigorously and it in maintained for all biological traits which wild plant has.

By the experiment of fertilizer efficiency of Yongyou No.9（3414）,the paper gets the basic parameters such as nutrition absorption and fertilizer efficiency,The findings of the study are important references for precision fertilization. The results reveal that nitrogen fertilisors is better than phosphorus on Yongyou No.9 （3414）,while the field-increasing effect of potash fertilizer lies somewhere in between.On the basis of some similar soil,the optimum fertilizer of N,P205 and K20 are：12.91kg,/ 667m^2,1.11 kg/667m^2 and 3.82kg/667m^2.

Aiming at providing a stage to display some new strains in order to select the excellent ones to do the regional tests for the next year.In the tests, Zbengdan 958 was chosen as the control strain.After the constant observation of the 27 strains in the field and the study of their yield come the results as following： the strains of better resistance to diseases are Fangyu 52,Fang,/u 1,Tang 98178,Tang 2324,6704,Hangao 2,Hengdan 105,T365,Hangao 3 ;The strains of higher yield are Fangyu 52,Fangyu 1,Tang 98178,Tang 2324,6704,Nongdan 92,Hengdan 6247,Hangao 2,Xing 901,Hengdan 105. Then the comprehensive evaluation concluded that the six strains：Fangyu 52,Fangyu 1,Tang 98178,6704,Hengdan 6247,Hangao 2 displayed so excellent qualifies that they are supposed to be tried in the regional tests the following year and the rest should be kept under observation.

The yield contribution of the agronomic characters could be a guide for breeding selection.31 plant lines from linseed F4 were investigated on 7 main agronomic characters.The correlation analysis showed that 4 pairs of characters had reached significant level in F4.The principle component analysis selected 5 main contents in F4 that contributed 85% genetic information. In F4,stem number, ball number per plant and seed weight per plant were preferred the higher the better in selection, while seed number per ball and nlant height were moderate.

We used dwarf male-sterile wheat and eight timesbody xiaoyan Mai Ya distant hybridization, heterologous germplasm resources integration, thus enriching spring wheat genetic diversity, balance protein amino acid composition composition, improve quality, cultivating high-quality irrigation processing special spring wheat new varieties. For years we have selected 1Axl, containing 1Bx7 ＋ 1Byg, lDx5 ＋ 1Dyl0 sets in one of the material has three parts, Contain 1Axl,lBxl7 ＋ IByl8,1Dx5＋lDylO sets in one of the four new material.Two contain high-quality subunits of new varieties of plants JinChun 15 and JinChun 16 was authorized in 2009.

Circassian Fruit is a kind of excellent fruit in the Northwest of Chinese, with high edible value and medicinal value, therefore the value of development and utilization is large.In this paper,experimental materials are Circassian Fruit and describe the importance of eutectic point and Melting point of Circassian Fruit in the process of vacuum freeze-drying.In the freeze- drying experiment,use resistance method to measure eutectie temperature and Melting point.Curve fitting for the test data to determine the eutectic area and Melting area,then obtain eutectic point of Circassian Fruit is-32℃ and Melting point of Circassian Fruit is -26℃ according to the physical meaning of the curvature of function.

The processing of Haihong fruit juice yield with pectinase was studied.Single factor and orthogonal test are de-signed to study the effects of quantity,reaction temperature and time of pectinase on clarification of Haihong fruit juice.The result showed that the best technique parameters were pectinase usage of 0.06%,temperature of 50℃,time of 2h.

Effect of probiotics combination of antibiotics in the practical application of chicken producing,providing reference for actual production.The test is set up two groups randomly and four replicates in treatment, each replicate had 18360 chicken. Contrasting group is fed with basic proportion grain ration with antibiotics,the groups for experiment are fed with the basic proportion grain ration with antibiotics and proboscis in water, Probiotics are added into basic proportion grain ration in lOg/ton water,Test deadline is 42 days. The result of the research shows：The groups for experiment can increase significantly average weight of 5,6 week,the increasing weight per day and the productiveness of fodder in whole term （P 〈 0.05 ）,and no effeeting for the rate of slaughter each stage and in whole period.The groups for experiment can improve significantly the rate of chest muscle rate（P 〈 O.05）,but there are no significant influence in slaughter rate half net carcass rate,the whole net carcass rate and the leg muscle rate.The groups for experiment could dramatically increase economic benefits. The results indicated that the compatibility of prohiotics and antibiotics in drinking water can promote the growth of flesh chickens,improve the carcass quality, increase economic benefit.

Three gaps with different sizes （larger：. gap 1,middle： gap 2 and small：gap 3） were selected within secondary forest ecosystems in eastern montane regions of Liaoning Province,China.Temporal variation in photosynthetic photon flux density （PPFD）,air temperature and humidity,soil temperature and soil water content at top layer （0-15cm） and sub layer （15-30cm） were measured in initial growth period. Results indicated that the maximum at center points of PPFD at the daily scale in three gaps eceurred at different time. The highest PPFD was at centers in three gaps, and the average PPFD at northern points is higher than that of southern points. Differences in gap size and ,sithin-gap position produced dramatic effects on direct, indirect and global site factors in this study （P〈0.05）, and global site factors was significantly correlated with average PPFD （F〈0.O1）. The soil temperature in gap 1 and 2 have positive correlation with their PPFD.The soil water content at top layer were significantly influenced by gap size （P〈0.05）, but that at sub layer.The larger the gap was, the higher the air humidity became. The above mentioned results suggested that the differences in gap size and within-gap position result in the heterogeneity of microclimate,and have an important effect on seed germination,seedling growth and development,as well as species distribution, which would influence forest regeneration and succession finally.

New Panicum miliaceum cultivar Chishu Ⅱ was selected and breeding from the filial generation of by Research Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry sciences of Chifeng, the filial generation of Dabaishu and materials of target character gene bank was selected and breeding many years.The period of duration of Chishu Ⅱ is about 108 days.In the area experiment of Inner Mongolia during 2009 to 2010,the average output of Chishu Ⅱ was 272.2kg/667m^2 which increased 8.9% compared with the local Dahuangshu （ckl）,and increased 34.1% compared with the local Dahuangmi （ck2）.In the area parturition experiment of Inner Mongolia in 2010, the average output is 270.7kg/667m^2 which increased 6.74% compared with Dahuangshu （ckl）.Compared with Dahuangshu, the Chishu Ⅱ has good characters such as strong antireversion force,high production, good synthetic and good rice quality.The Chishu Ⅱthrough the identification of Crop Variety Approval Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in September 8,2010.

A new spring rapeseed variety with good quality and high yield,Gaoyou 9,was bred by the Cold Region Crops Research Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science,from the combination of ＂Mengl008 x Huairen mustard ＂.It was approved by Shanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2006.The average yield of the variety was 1452 kg/hm^2, increased by 5.8% over that of Jinyou 6 （ok）. Its oil content is 33.1%.Its oleic acid, linoleic acid and crucic acid content are 41.6%,29.9% and 1.1%, respectively.Gaoyou 9 is a new low erueie acid rapeseed variety.High yield cultivation techniques of the variety were also proposed.

Nutritional value of soybean is rich. It is the main source of plant oils and protein and it is the ideal health food of human. The high-yield cultivation techniques of early maturity and high quality soybean Jindou 34 summed up as ＂an excellent＂,＂three increases＂,that is fine varieties and ＂increasing the fertilization,increasing the frequency,increasing the management＂.The key to management is ＂one protection and five early＂ to achieve purposes of high yield and quality.

Ion beam biotechnology was invented by our scientists in the late 1980s.With advantages of high rate,wide range and quickly stable of variation,stable,reliable and easy technology, it is widely used in plants and microbial induce mutation breeding. In edible fungus mutation breeding aspect, this technology made a lot of technical progress, especially in the functional areas of edible mushroom.The developing progress and the future of ion beam biotechnology in edible mushroom had been described in this paper.

DHA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that belongs to the to-3 group.In recent years, DHA has attracted much attention because it plays an important role in human heahh.Crypthecodinium cohnii is extraordinary in DHA and it can be grown heterotrophically on organic substrates without light.lt is a prolific producer of DHA.This paper reviews recent advances in the biotechnological production of DHA by C. cohnii.

The current research on root of soybean including root evolution,contribution of root growth to yield,root morphology and nutrient uptake was reviewed.The perspectives of soybean root research were proposed as well.

GPS has been widely used in many fields. In this paper, the development, advantages and application fields of GPS were described. Its application in forestry was expatiated. It will be useful for forestry.

For a long time, there are two tendencies on how culture affects economic growth：One is the direct impact that the culture itself that contribute to economic growth. The other one is the indirect impact that culture affects institutional transition, and the transitions of institutions have a major impact on economic growth. The paper argues that culture affect economic growth that is through institutional transition. This paper reviews the general theory of institutional change, cultural and institutional transition relations theory and regional institutional change theory, On this basis, the paper given cultural transmission mechanism for institutional transition, and the overall framework on cultural impact institutional transition.

People believe that： if the crops have grain is more lie on the water ,but how much the grain depends on the fertilizes. Some farmers fertilize much, but the output is not higher, or output is increasing but the income didn＇t increase .because Crop different it needs nutrients also different the effect that Single fertilizer is not better than fertilizer with others. Different types of soil fertilizer rate is not the same , Fertilizer is not the more the better, Soil testing and fertilizer is brought out to solve these problems . popularizing Soil testing and fertilizer, Can improve fertilizer utilization ratio and save fertilizer rate Also Improve agricultural products quality, and a production section fertilizer, earnings and the technical measures of income.

Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the paper give a general analogy of ecological landscape design and take the scenic road as an example.The article talked about the concept,function and role of the scenic road,pointed out that the scenic road is playing a significant role in meeting the requirement of aesthetic scenery Road Recreational demand,optimizing the city,road design, stimulating economic growth in the community,etc. In addition,through the classic landscapes of domestic and foreign cases of Road landscape design analysis should also be set up in China corresponding National Scenic Road,we can conclude the conclusions of the system,and promote China＇s road construction,tourism,recreation,cultural heritage and ecoenvironmental protection and the pluralistic development.

Expressway landseaping construction is an important part of expressway construction,Thls article reviewed the research of expressway landscaping, To provide the reference for the deficiency of improving expressway landseaping and the sustainable development strategy in promote expressway landscaping.

This article analyzed the function that landscaping in the construction of expressway,in allusion to the requirements of plant choose on different expressway regional,Puts forward the plant configuration mode,and provide the reference for expressway Landscaping.

This article introduces the environmental conditions in medium-and-high density residential districts of metropolises, and analyses the ecology issues that people are faced with.It also elaborates landscape planning model in high-density residential districts so that it can be used for reference of constructing the landscape in these ares.