北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 10-16.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.05.02

• 作物栽培·作物遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

阴山北麓不同前茬作物对马铃薯干物质积累及产量的影响

张海斌1,2, 蒙美莲1, 陈有君3, 叶君2, 邵盈4, 张婷婷1, 孟丽丽1   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学 农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 作物育种与栽培研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.内蒙古农业大学 生命科学学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011;
    4.内蒙古农业大学 园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-12 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 蒙美莲(1960—),女,教授,硕士,博士生导师,主要从事马铃薯栽培生理与品种改良的研究工作。 陈有君(1961—),男,教授,博士,主要从事土壤水分的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:张海斌(1995—),男,研究实习员,硕士研究生,主要从事小麦育种栽培与马铃薯栽培生理的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家马铃薯现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-09-P10)

Effects of different preceding crops on potato dry matter accumulation and yield in the northern of Yinshan Mountain

ZHANG Haibin1,2, MENG Meilian1, CHEN Youjun3, YE Jun2, SHAO Ying4, ZHANG Tingting1, MENG Lili1   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    2. Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;
    4. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China
  • Received:2020-07-12 Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-12-17

摘要: 【目的】探究在内蒙古阴山北麓气候条件下不同前茬作物对后作马铃薯库活性、干物质积累、产量及病害发生的影响,为选择适宜内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯种植的前茬作物提供理论依据。【方法】在内蒙古阴山北麓地区开展定点试验,设绿肥作物前茬(LM)、向日葵前茬(XM)、燕麦前茬(YM)、马铃薯前茬(MM)共4个处理,大区试验,每个大区面积0.06 hm2(200 m×3 m),对比分析不同前茬作物对马铃薯库活性、干物质积累、产量及病害发生的影响。【结果】在阴山北麓气候条件下,绿肥作物为前茬时马铃薯库活性最大,为0.069 4 g/(g·d),其次为燕麦前茬;马铃薯全株干物质最大增长速率和全株干物质快速积累期干物质平均积累速率均表现为绿肥作物前茬>马铃薯前茬>燕麦前茬>向日葵前茬,而马铃薯块茎干物质最大增长速率和块茎干物质快速积累期干物质平均积累速率则表现为绿肥作物前茬>燕麦前茬>马铃薯前茬>向日葵前茬;茎叶与块茎干物质积累量平衡期出现最早的是绿肥作物前茬与燕麦前茬,均为34 d左右,马铃薯前茬出现最晚,为56 d左右;绿肥作物前茬和燕麦前茬的马铃薯产量最高,分别为46 992 kg/hm2和46 073 kg/hm2;植株枯萎病发病率、块茎枯萎病发病率和块茎黑痣病病情指数均以马铃薯前茬表现最高,而块茎疮痂病病情指数以马铃薯前茬为0,其次是向日葵前茬。【结论】综合分析不同前茬作物对马铃薯库活性、干物质积累、产量及病害发生的影响,认为在内蒙古阴山北麓地区,适宜马铃薯种植的前茬作物以绿肥作物最好,其次是燕麦。

关键词: 前茬作物, 马铃薯, 库活性, 干物质积累, 产量, 病害

Abstract: 【Objective】The experiment was designed to explore the effects of different previous crops on potato library activity,dry matter accumulation,yield and disease occurrence to provide theoretical basis for selecting suitable previous crops for potato planting in the northern of Yinshan Mountain,Inner Mongolia.【Methods】A fixed-point experiment was conducted in the northern of Yinshan Mountain,Inner Mongolia.There were 4 treatments:green manure pre-planting(LM),sunflower pre-planting(XM),oat pre-planting(YM),and potato pre-planting(MM).We compared and analyzed the effects of different previous crops on potato library activity,dry matter accumulation,yield and disease occurrence with each area of 0.06 hm2(200 m×3 m).【Results】 In the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain climates,when the previous crop type is green manure,the activity of potato bank reached the highest value 0.069 4 g/(g·d),followed by oat crop.In the research of the maximum dry matter growth rate of potato and the rapid accumulation of dry matter of the whole plant,the different previous crop type had great influence on these two values,the order was shown as green manure pre-work>potato pre-work>oat pre-work>sunflower pre-work.And when it turned to maximum growth rate of tuber dry matter and average dry matter accumulation rate of potato tuber during rapid accumulation period,the order was green manure pre-work>oat pre-work>potato pre-work>sunflower pre-work.The equilibrium period of dry matter accumulation of stem,leaf and tuber first appeared,about 34 days after sowing,when green manure and oats were used as the previous crop,but when potato was used as the previous crop,it last appeared,about 56 days. When green manure and oat were used as the previous crop,the yield of potato was the highest,reaching 46 992 kg/hm2 and 46 073 kg/hm2 respectively. The incidence rate of Fusarium wilt,tuber wilt and tuber black mole disease index were the highest when potato was used for the previous crop.But the tuber scab disease index was lowest when potato was used for the previous crop,followed by the sunflower pre-crop.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis of different pre-crops on potato bank activity,dry matter accumulation,The occurrence of disease and the impact of yield,the pre-crop suitable for potato planting is the best pre-green crop,followed by the oat pre-crop in the northern of Yinshan Mountain,Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Preceding crops, Potato, Library activity, Dry matter accumulation, Yield, Disease occurrence

中图分类号: 

  • S532