不同氮钾配比对马铃薯根系生长及产量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.01.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确半干旱地区高垄滴灌条件下不同氮钾配比对马铃薯块茎膨大期根系相关指标及产量的影响,筛选适宜马铃薯根系生长及增产的氮钾组合。【方法】以武川旱作试验站为试验点,通过田间小区试验,分析不同氮钾配比9个处理下马铃薯根系活力、根系总吸收面积、根系形态指标、商品薯率和产量。【结果】 N₁₂K₁₅处理下马铃薯根系活力和根系总吸收面积最高,与其他处理（根系活力除N₁₂K₁₈处理外）相比差异显著（P<0.05）。根系长度、根系表面积、根尖数以根系直径0~0.5 mm最高,占根系总长度的35.7%~47.3%、占根系表面积的57.7%~71.4%、占总根尖数的89.7%~94.6%。马铃薯根系体积随根系直径增加而增加,以根系直径>4.5 mm的根系体积占比最高,达51.6%~56.0%。根冠比以N₁₂K₁₅处理最高,为0.67。N₁₂K₁₅处理商品薯数、商品薯总重、商品薯率、产量在各处理中最高;N₆K₁₅处理和N₆K₁₈处理较N₆K₁₂处理有效提高商品薯数达6.5%~29.9%,商品薯总重增加10.7%~32.2%,产量提高14.2%~30.1%。【结论】在武川旱作试验站高垄滴灌条件下,N₁₂K₁₅处理对马铃薯根系生长及产量增加作用较为显著。

关键词: 马铃薯, 氮钾配比, 根系生长, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the effects of different nitrogen and potassium ratios on potato root correlation index during tuber bulking period and yieid under the condition of high ridge drip irrigation in semi-arid area,then the suitable nitrogen and potassium combinations condition for root growth and yield increase of potato were screened.【Methods】 The root activity,total root absorption area,root morphological indexes,commercial potato rate and yield of potato were analyzed under 9 treatments field test with different nitrogen and potassium ratios at the Wuchuan drought planting experimental station.【Results】 The root activity and total root absorption area of potato with N₁₂K₁₅ were the highest and significant differences（P<0.05） compared with other treatments（except N₁₂K₁₈ treatment on root activity）. The root length,root surface area and root tips number were highest when root diameter range from 0-0.5 mm,accounting for 35.7%-47.3% of the total root length,57.7%-71.4% of the root surface area,and 89.7%-94.6% of the total root tips number. Root volume of potato elevated with increase of root diameter when the root diameter was higher than 4.5 mm root volume reached 51.6%-56.0% which was the highest. Root top ratio by N₁₂K₁₅ treatment was the highest（0.67）. N₁₂K₁₅ treatment also had the highest number of commodity potato,total weight of commodity potato,commodity potato rate and yield among all treatments. The N₆K₁₅ and N₆K₁₈ treatments were effectively improved number of commodity potato,total weight of commodity potato,commodity potato rate and yield than N₆K₁₂ treatment,number of commodity potato reached 6.5%-29.9%,total weight of commodity potato increased 10.7%-32.2%,yield increased 14.2%-30.1%.【Conclusion】 The effect of N₁₂K₁₅ treatment on potato root growth and yield increase was more significant at the Wuchuan drought planting experimental station.

Key words: Potato, Nitrogen and potassium ratios, Root growth, Yield

中图分类号:

S532

狄彩霞, 李秀萍, 栗艳芳, 李宝贺, 莎娜, 李彬, 赵举. 不同氮钾配比对马铃薯根系生长及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2021, 49(1): 53-59.

DI Caixia, LI Xiuping, LI Yanfang, LI Baohe, Shana, LI Bin, ZHAO Ju. Effects of different ratios of nitrogen and potassium on root growth and yield in potato[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2021, 49(1): 53-59.

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