北方农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 40-47.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1197.2019.05.08

• 土壤肥料·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

追氮时期及次数对马铃薯氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留的影响

王祥植1, 张胜1, 李星星1, 高翔1, 苑志强1, 张志军2, 董璞3   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学 农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    2.包头市种子管理站,内蒙古 包头 014010;
    3.达尔罕茂明安联合旗农业技术推广站,内蒙古 百灵庙 014500
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-25 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2019-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 张胜(1961—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事马铃薯、油菜栽培生理的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:王祥植(1993—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为马铃薯栽培生理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31360305); 农业农村部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金项目(APF2015036)

Effects of nitrogen topdressing period and number on nitrogen absorption of potato and nitrate residue in soil

WANG Xiangzhi1, ZHANG Sheng1, LI Xingxing1, GAO Xiang1, YUAN Zhiqiang1, ZHANG Zhijun2, DONG Pu3   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    2.Baotou Seed Management Station,Baotou 014010,China;
    3.Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner Agricultural Technical Extension Station,Bailingmiao 014500,China
  • Received:2019-09-25 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2019-12-11

摘要: 为了确定有利于提高马铃薯氮肥利用率及减少农田面源污染的最佳追氮时期,为膜下滴灌马铃薯高产优质的氮肥管理策略提供理论依据,试验在膜下滴灌条件下通过设置不同的追氮次数及时期组合,对马铃薯氮素吸收积累与收获后土壤硝态氮残留量进行了研究。结果表明:收获时,1、2、3次追氮处理块茎氮素吸收积累量平均比CK高1.61倍,1.91倍,1.98倍,2、3次追氮处理较1次追氮处理平均提高18.53%,22.82%,以B3处理161.23 kg/hm2为最高。2、3次追氮处理的氮肥回收利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率分别比1次追氮处理高21.89%,20.74%,57.98%和20.66%,17.80%,49.75%;各处理的产量、氮肥回收利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率均以B3处理最高,分别为46.98 t/hm2,51.32%,149.14 kg/kg和76.57 kg/kg。收获时3次追氮处理60~80 cm土层的硝态氮积累量显著低于1、2次追氮处理。覆膜滴灌条件下在基施43%氮肥的基础上,剩余氮肥的22.8%和34.2%于马铃薯块茎形成期和膨大中期分2次追施效果最佳。

关键词: 马铃薯, 追氮时期, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 硝态氮

Abstract: In order to determine the optimum nitrogen topdressing period for improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing non-point source pollution in farmland,the theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality nitrogen management strategy of potato under mulch drip irrigation was provided.With drip irrigation under mulch,the accumulation of potato nitrogen and the residual nitrate nitrogen in soil after harvest were studied by setting different combinations and times of nitrogen topdressing.The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and accumulation of tubers in 1,2 and 3 nitrogen topdressing treatments were 1.61,1.91 and 1.98 times higher than CK,respectively,18.53% and 22.82% higher in 2 and 3 nitrogen topdressing treatments than that in 1 nitrogen topdressing treatment,respectively,and 161.23 kg/hm2 in B3 treatment was the highest.NRE,NPFP and NAE in 2 and 3 nitrogen topdressing treatments were 21.89%,20.74%,57.98% and 20.66%,17.80%,49.75% higher than that in 1 nitrogen topdressing treatment respectively.The yield,NRE,NPFP and NAE of all treatments were the highest at B3,46.98 t/hm2,51.32%,149.14 kg/kg and 76.57 kg/kg,respectively.The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in 60-80 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that in 1 and 2 nitrogen topdressing treatments.That 22.8% and 34.2% of the residual nitrogen were best applied twice at tuber formation stage and mid-swelling stage on the basis of 43% N application with drip irrigation under mulch.

Key words: Potato, Nitrogen application period, Yield, Nitrogen utilization rate, Nitrate nitrogen

中图分类号: 

  • S532