Millet has the value of diet therapy and medicinal use.This paper gives an overview of the nutritional components such as protein,fat,starch,dietary fiber,vitamins,minerals and the bioactive substances such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,yellow pigments,sterols in millet,and analyzes the special nutritional components,functions and development and application of millet,with the aim providing reference for better mining the comprehensive value of millet and utilizing millet resources.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,also known as yam,is a traditional medicinal and edible crop. Chinese yam polysaccharides are the main active substances in yam,which have effects such as lowering blood sugar,regulating immunity,antioxidation,and anti-tumor. The article summarizes the extraction methods of Chinese yam polysaccharides,discusses the biological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides,and its research was prospected. In order to provide reference for promoting the production and application of Chinese yam polysaccharides.

Phytoplasma is a kind of single-celled prokaryotes parceled by biofilm,without cell wall and similar to plant pathogenic bacteria. Its host include plants and insects. Phytoplasma has highly transmission and has a widely action range,which can cause systemic diseases in various plants and leading to abnormal growth and development,and even death. The article provides an overview of the characteristics,transmission pathway,distribution,and disease symptoms of phytoplasma,summarizes the prevention and control methods of phytoplasma,and looks forward to its future research focus,aiming to provide reference for ensuring the healthy development of agriculture.

【Objective】To establish an efficient extraction method for solanine from potato peel,explore the application value and prospect of potato peel in plant-derived pesticides,and provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive utilization of solanine as a plant-derived pesticide.【Methods】Potato peel was used as the experimental material. Ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method,acid enzyme solution extraction method,ultrasound-assisted extraction method,and acid water extraction method,four extraction methods for main component of solanine were compared and optimized. Single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken experimental design from response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction methods. The ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was optimized for solanine extraction.【Results】 Among the four extraction methods,the extraction efficiency from high to low was ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method > acid enzyme solution extraction method > ultrasound-assisted extraction method > acid water extraction method. Among them,the content of solanine extract by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was the highest,with α-chaconine at 8.949 mg/g DW and α-solanine at 8.058 mg/g DW,the extraction rate reached 0.850%. Based on the response surface analysis,the optimized regression equation model was established（ Y _{Total content}=2.64-0.56× A-0.31× B+0.20× C+0.19× AB-0.11× AC+0.53× BC-0.74× A ²-0.59× B ²-0.50× C ²）. With the maximum total content as the optimization objective,the optimal conditions were predicted to be enzyme amount at 1.30%,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1.35 h,and ethanol volume fraction of 70.40%. Under these conditions,the actual total content of solanine extract was 3.149 mg/g DW,the difference with the predicted total content of 2.814 mg/g DW was within 5%,confirming a good correlation between the predicted value and experimental values.【Conclusion】The method of extracting solanine from potato peel by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was established for the first time.The optimal extraction method obtained by response surface analysis optimization is reasonable,and the extraction efficiency of this method is higher,which can be used for industrial extraction of solanine.

【Objective】To screen for high-yield and high-quality new peanut varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】With 19 newly introduced Huayu series of peanut varieties as the test materials,major agronomic trait were investigated,and yield traits,quality traits were determined. Variability,correlation,gray correlation degree and cluster analysis were performed for all tested varieties.【Results】The main stem height,lateral branch length,number of pod branch,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield of the tested varieties（ P<0.05）,the correlation coefficients were 0.518,0.509,0.508,0.646 and 0.649,respectively. The top 5 rank of grey correlation degree were main stem height>lateral branch length>100-pod weight>number of pod branch>100-kernel weight. In the cluster analysis,the overall traits of the class I were better,the main stem height,lateral branch length,total number of branch,number of pod branch,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight,single plant productivity and yield were higher than those of the other three classes.【Conclusion】The main stem height,lateral branch length,100-pod weight,number of pod branch,100-kernel weight have a great influence on peanut yield,and can be used as reference indicators for peanut introduction screening and high-yield breeding.

【Objective】To identify and analyze the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase（CRK） gene family members of Gossypium hirsutum,and provide genetic resources and theoretical basis for cotton Verticillium wilt resistance breeding.【Methods】According to the results of whole genome sequencing,the GhCRK gene family in the Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 genome was identified using bioinformatics methodologies,analyses were conducted on protein physicochemical properties,chromosomal localization and genetic evolution. Furthermore,gene expression data were employed to potential Verticillium wilt resistance genes,and the resistance function of candidate gene was assessed through virus induced gene silencing（VIGS） technology.【Results】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Nongdamian 8 harbored a total of fifty GhCRKs,distributed across fourteen chromosomes. These length of the encoded protein was 390 to 1 774 amino acid residues,resulting in diverse molecular weights spanning from 43.15 kDa to 196.66 kDa,the average isoelectric point was observed at 6.94. The majority of GhCRKs were predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Protein domain analysis showed that 90 % of GhCRKs（45） contained two Stress-antifung domains. The promoter regions of GhCRKs encompassed seven cis-acting elements relating to responsiveness to plant hormones,including methyl jasmonate,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,et al. Fourteen GhCRKs exhibited up regulation expression in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. Following the silencing of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33, Gossypium hirsutum exhibited exacerbated symptoms of Verticillium wilt and a significantly higher disease index.【Conclusion】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 contains a substantial number of CRKs,among which 14 hold potential as significant candidate genes for Verticillium wilt resistance. Additionally,the role of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33 in Verticillium wilt resistance has been further elucidated.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） priming treatments on the seeds germination and seedling growth of sugar beet,aiming to provide reference for the screening of sugar beet seed initiators.【Methods】Using the domestically bred sugar beet variety NT39106 as the experimental material,GA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L）,MT（50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L） and SA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L） priming treatments were applied for 8 h,with untreated seeds as the control（CK）. Seeds germination and seedling growth parameters of sugar beet were analyzed for each treatment.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sugar beet seeds under different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） treatments were significantly higher than those of the CK（ P<0.05）. With the increase of the concentration of the three initiators,the promoting effects on sugar beet seed germination exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Among them,the treatment with 100 mg/L GA demonstrated the best results,and the germination potential and germination rate were up to 91.00% and 93.67%,respectively,followed by the SA treatment,both surpassing the MT treatment. Compared with CK,different concentrations of GA,MT（except for the 300 μmol/L treatment） and SA treatments markedly increased the average bud length and fresh weight of sugar beet seedlings,particularly with the 100 mg/L GA treatment,which resulted in average bud length and fresh weight of 5.43 cm and 0.37 g/10 plants,respectively.【Conclusion】Priming sugar beet seeds with 100 mg/L gibberellin（GA）resulted in better germination performance and remarkably promoted seedling growth.

【Objective】To clarify the influence of pesticide types and residues on Xinjiang pepper,and explore the types and risk levels of pesticide residues in Xinjiang pepper.【Methods】52 samples from 9 counties（cities） in Xinjiang in 2023 were taken as research objects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect pesticides residues in peppers. Acute and chronic dietary intake risk analysis were conducted to evaluate the level of harm of detected pesticide residues to pepper quality and safety.【Results】A total of 29 kinds of residual pesticides were detected in 52 samples,including 4 kinds of restricted and prohibited pesticides.The chronic dietary intake risk（%ADI） value of all pesticide residues was 0.000 000 01%-0.001 425 60%,and the acute dietary intake risk（%ARfD） value was 0.007 613 333%-19.820 044 440%,which was much lower than 100%. It indicated that the chronic and acute dietary risks of pesticide residues were extremely low and at a safe level. According to the analysis of the pesticide residue risk index,there were no high-risk samples among the 52 samples,only 4 medium risk samples,and the rest of the samples were at low risk level or below.【Conclusion】The overall risk of pesticide residue in Xinjiang pepper is relatively low,and the quality and safety situation is generally good,but it is still necessary to strengthen the standardized use and control of pesticides in the future.

【Objective】To explore the changes in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and mirobial community under continuous cropping of spinach.【Methods】The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of spinach planted for 1 year （1Y） and continuously planted for 2 years（2Y） were measured,and the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using PacBio full-length diversity sequencing. The changes in bacterial and fungal microbial communities in the 2Y and 1Y soils were compared,and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities was studied using redundancy analysis.【Results】Highly significant changes in soil physicochemical properties after continuous cropping（ P<0.05）,and the pH value and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,organic matter,and microbial biomass carbon were significantly higher in the 2Y soil than in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）,the electrical conductivity and the contents of total potassium,available potassium,and nitrate nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）. The redundancy analysis showed that the total potassium was the main factor influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial communities under spinach continuous cropping. The microbial community of the 2Y soil Chao1 index,Richness index,Shannon index,and ACE index were higher than those of 1Y soil. Among which pathogen related to carbon and nitrogen cycle,cellulose degradation,pesticides and plastic degradation and Fusarium associated pathogen content increased significantly in 2Y soil（ P<0.05）,while the content of Lysobacter biocontrol bacteria with antagonistic activity was significantly decreased（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil of spinach under 2Y continuous planting showed significant changes in physicochemical properties,with an increase of pathogen content and a decrease of biocontrol bacteria content.

【Objective】To explore the effect and regularity of meteorological factors on the growth and yield of sorghum.【Methods】Taking meteorological factors from different years in the planting area of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia as the main factor,experiments were conducted for three consecutive years using sorghum varieties Liaonian No. 3 and Liaoza 37 as materials. The effects of meteorological factors on plant height,LAI,dry matteraccumulation,grain weight per panicle,1 000-grain weight,yield of sorghum in each growing stages were studied by correlation analysis and grey relation analysis,and the key meteorological factors were revealed.【Results】The growth period of seedling-emerging stage has a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature（ P<0.05） and an extremely significant negative correlation with average sunshine hours（ P<0.01）,the growth period of emerging-flowering stage has a significantly negative correlation with average sunshine hours（ P<0.01）,and the whole growth period had a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature（ P<0.05）. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between the growth rate of LAI and rainfall from 10 d to 60 d after emergence（ P<0.01）,There was a significant positive correlation between the growth rate of plant height from 10 d to 70 d after emergence and accumulated temperature（ P<0.01）,There was a significant positive correlation between accumulation rate of dry matter accumulation and sunshine hours at seedling-jointing stage（ P<0.05）,at jointing-flowering stage it was significantly positive correlated with accumulated temperature（ P<0.05）,at 40 days after flowering it was significantly positively correlated with accumulated temperature and sunshine hours（ P<0.05）. The results of grey correlation degree analysis showed that the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on grain weight per panicle were the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period,the daily average temperature before flowering,and the effective accumulated temperature before flowering;and the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on the 1 000-grain weight were the daily average temperature before flowering,the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period and the effective accumulated temperature before flowering;The three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on yield were the effective accumulated temperature after flowering,the daily average temperature during growth period and the daily average temperature after flowering.【Conclusion】The key meteorological factors affecting the growth period,plant height,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight per panicle,1 000-grain weight and yield of each growing stage,of sorghum were different. The key meteorological factors affecting each index could be fully utilized in production,such as adjusting the sowing date or other measures to change the growth expectation of sorghum.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different mixed sowing proportions of hairy vetch and oat on crop yield,soil enzyme activity and microbial communities in the agricultural dry-crop areas at the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using hairy vetch and oat as experimental objects,six treatments were set up,namely,single sowing of hairy vetch（DB1）,single sowing of oat（DB2）,80% hairy vetch+ 20% oat（HB1）,60% hairy vetch+40% oat（HB2）,40% hairy vetch+60% oat（HB3）,and 20% hairy vetch+80% oat（HB3）. Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in the early,middle,and late stages of growth,respectively. The effects on crop yield,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content were analyzed,and changes in soil microbial community diversity and structure were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology.【Results】HB1,HB2,HB3 treatments were 1%-11% higher than DB1 treatment for the relative grain yield of hairy vetch,and 3%-25% higher than DB2 treatment for the relative grain yield of oat. During the mid growth stage in the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared with DB1 and DB2 treatments,HB2 treatment soil catalase activity significantly increased by 9.65% and 11.55% （ P<0.05）,respectively,and sucrase activity significantly increased by 11.47% and 15.44%（ P<0.05）,HB1 treatment increased urease activity by 8.07% and 19.41%（ P<0.05）,respectively;HB2 treatment had the highest microbial biomass carbon content,while HB1 treatment had the highest microbial biomass nitrogen content,at 95.79 and 21.02 mg/kg,respectively. Compared with the DB2 treatment,the HB2 treatment soil bacterial OTU index was significantly increased by 15.79%（ P<0.05）,the Shannon index increased by 5.41%;Compared with DB1 treatment,HB2 treatment increased fungal OTU index by 33.58%（ P<0.05）,Shannon index increased by 36.50%,and Chao1 index increased by 6.56%. At the phylum level,HB2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Mortierellomycota,while decreasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota,Acidobacteriota,Ascomycota,and Basidiomycota.【Conclusion】The mixed sowing treatment of 60% hairy vetch +40% oat is a suitable proportion for agricultural dry-crop areas in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains,Inner Mongolia. Under this treatment,crop grain yield is the highest,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content are higher,and soil bacterial and fungal diversity,richness,and relative abundance of beneficial bacterial phyla are all increased.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on potato yield in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,providing a reference for potato cultivation in this region.【Methods】Five treatments were established,application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer（NPK）,NPK+liquid fertilizer（NPK+LM）,NPK+granular fertilizer（NPK+GM）,NPK+sheep dung fertilizer（NPK+SM）,and NPK+bio-organic fertilizer（NPK+BM）. The impact of these treatments on potato yield and its components,growth indicators,nutrient uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants,soil water use efficiency,and nutrient content in the plow layer soil were analyzed.【Results】The NPK+BM treatment resulted in the highest potato yield,commercial tuber yield,number of commercial tubers,individual tuber weight,and commercial tuber rate,which were 30.83 t/hm ²,20.34 t/hm ²,84 700 tubers/hm ²,162.86 g/tuber,and 65.96%,respectively;during the tuber bulking stage,the plant height and leaf area index of potatoes were the highest,at 82.89 cm and 8.06,respectively,showing significant differences compared to the NPK treatment（ P<0.05）;at harvest stage,the dry matter accumulation in the stems,leaves,and tubers of potatoes were the highest,at 75.51,67.36,and 145.81 g/plant,respectively;at harvest stage,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by plants,at 296.83,36.09,and 285.92 kg/hm ²,respectively. The NPK+LM treatment had the highest water use efficiency,at 128.95 kg/（hm ²·mm）,followed by the NPK+BM treatment,at 113.87 kg/（hm ²·mm）. The NPK+BM treatment had the highest soil fast-acting potassium content of 137.33 mg/kg,and higher soil effective phosphorus,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and organic matter content of 25.53 mg/kg,88.68 mg/kg,and 22.95 g/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The NPK+bio-organic fertilizer treatment can effectively promote the growth and development of potatoes,and enhance nutrient uptake efficiency,increase yield,playing a positive role in maintaining soil health. It can be considered a more suitable combination of organic fertilizers to partially replace chemical fertilizers in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】To clarify the phylogenetic relationship and diversity of Morchella esculents germplasm resources,and to provide reference for the selection and breeding of new varieties adapted to the cultivation in the western region of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】8 Morchella esculents strains（A3,Zhao′erliu,Yangguifei,Jinqiu,DY008,A Lu,001 and Neishilin）were used as experimental materials,ISSR molecular marker technology was used to perform cluster analysis and genetic diversity comparison on 8 strains of Morchella esculents.【Results】Eight Morchella esculents strains were detected by PCR using 100 ISSR primers,12 ISSR primers were selected,and 76 DNA bands were amplified. There were 59 effective bands,and the polymorphism ratio was 75.83%. The gene diversity index （ H） was 0.206 6,and Shannon′s information index（ I） was 0.330 0. The maximal variation of genetic distance was 1.072 6. When the GS value was about 0.38,the strains were divided into 5 groups.【Conclusion】There was significant genetic variability among the tested Morchella esculents strains.

【Objective】To investigate the pre-harvest sprouting resistance and genetic composition of Ping′an series wheat varieties（lines）.【Methods】The pre-harvest sprouting characteristics of 14 Ping′an series varieties（lines） were analyzed by whole ear germination method,and the sources of pre-harvest sprouting resistance genes were detected by molecular markers of 5 anti pre-harvest sprouting genes.【Results】Among the 14 varieties（lines）,the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of Ping′an No. 11 was 0.19,reached the level of resistance;the relative pre-harvest sprouting indexes of Ping′an 658 and Ping′an 701 were 0.35 and 0.37,respectively,reached the level of moderately resistance. The results of molecular marker detection of anti pre-harvest sprouting genes showed that the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of haplotype composed of three loci （-222、+646、+666） of TaPHS1 gene was CGAC<TGAC<TGAT<TATT from low to high,and Ping′an No. 11 contained the best haplotype of TaPHS1 gene of anti pre-harvest sprouting,7 wheat varieties（lines） including Ping′an 901 contained anti pre-harvest sprouting gene TaVp1 B3,4 wheat varieties including Ping′an 12 contain anti pre-harvest sprouting gene PM19 A-1,all 14 wheat varieties（lines） contain neither of anti pre-harvest sprouting gene Dorm-1 or Tamyb10- D.【Conclusion】Ping′an No. 11 is the only variety with hap-CGAC resistant to pre-harvest sprouting,which can be used in cultivating new varieties of anti pre-harvest sprouting wheat and discovering new anti pre-harvest sprouting gene.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw on the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soil.【Methods】Taking pepper straw as test materials,a field experiment was performed on the four treatments：non-straw returning（CK）,in-situ straw returning（C1）,in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent（C2）,and in-situ straw returning+lime-nitrogen（C3）. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to conduct 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing of soil bacteria and fungi.【Results】All the three in-situ straw returning methods significantly reduced the soil available phosphorus content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased the soil pH value（ P<0.05）. C1 and C2 treatments significantly reduced soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. C1 treatment significantly increased soil total phosphorus,and available potassium content（ P<0.05）. C2 treatment significantly reduced soil available potassium content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased soil organic matter content（ P<0.05）. C3 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium, organic matter content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. The dominant bacterial genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Sphingomonas,S0134_terrestrial_group, Longimicrobiaceae,and C3 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Longimicrobiaceae（ P<0.05）. The dominant fungal genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Mortierella, Conocybe, Chaetomium, Myriococcum, Clitopilus, Panaeolus and Humicola. C1 treatment increased the relative abundance of Chaetomium, Myriococcum and Clitopilus,and decreased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Conocybe and Humicola. C2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Chaetomium and Panaeolus,and reduced the relative abundance of Conocybe, Myriococcum and Humicola. C3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Conocybe, Chaetomium and reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella, Myriococcum and Humicola.【Conclusion】Different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw affected soil microbial community structure and physicochemical properties to varying degrees. The effects of in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent and in-situ straw returning +lime-nitrogen treatment were better than that of direct in-situ straw returning treatment.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different microbial agents on potato growth and development and soil nutrients in potato fields,so as to provide a reference for green and sustainable potato planting in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Potato V7 was used as the test material,by setting distilled water（CK）,applying Bacillus sp. 188 bacterial agent（T1）, Pseudomonas sp. BP16 bacterial agent（T2）,and Streptomyces rochei D74 bacterial agent（T3） four treatments to soak the seeds for 30 min. Potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,nutrient accumulation per plant,leaf chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured at different growth stages after potato planting.【Results】After 110 days of potato planting,compared with CK,the yield of potato in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 7.14% and 9.16%（ P<0.05）,the starch content of tubers was significantly increased by 11.84% and 16.38%（ P<0.05）,the dry matter mass of potato roots,stems,leaves,and tubers were significantly increased by 26.87%,16.92%,11.77% and 13.59% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants was significantly increased by 28.86%,32.78% and 30.81% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）. After 70 days of potato planting,the chlorophyll content in potato leaves treated with T3 treatment was the highest [4.29 mg/（g·FW）],and the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves was significantly increased by 15.29% compared to CK（ P<0.05）. After 50 days of potato planting,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in T3 treatment reached its maximum value（42.32 mg/kg）,the available phosphorus content significantly increased by 26.17% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,and the available potassium content in T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 24.95% and 21.65% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,respectively.After 70 days of planting,the soil ammonium nitrogen content in T2 treatment significantly increased by 47.03% compared to CK（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Soaking seeds with Streptomyces rochei D74 microbial can increase potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,at agent tuber formation stage,the leaf chlorophyll content at maturation stage,soil nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available potassium content at early growth stage,soil ammonium nitrogen at agent tuber formation stage. It can be used as a suitable microbial agent for potato cultivation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

【Objective】To clarify potato blackleg disease source of infection in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,and provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures for potato blackleg disease.【Methods】The pathogen isolation,pathogenicity identification,molecular identification and soil survival tests of potato blackleg disease were carried out. Through pot experiment and field experiment,seven treatments were set up to investigate the occurrence of potato blackleg disease in the soil of continuous cropping land,seed potatoes of diseased land and diseased residues,and analyze and verify the differences in incidence rate of different treatments.【Results】The incidence rate of potato blackleg harvested in diseased areas and planted as seed potato over winter was 40.00%. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was isolated from the disease residue buried in soil after overwintering,and the incidence rate was 43.33% in the experiment of planting disease-free potato after the disease residue was planted in the disease-free soil. The incidence rate of disease-free potato was 6.67% in the previous diseased plots. The amount of pathogenic bacteria in unsterilized soil gradually decreased with the extension of time,and no longer survived after two months at normal temperature,and no longer survived after four months at -20 ℃. The results indicated that P. atrosepticum could survive the winter in the disease residual and become the primary infection source in the second year. The pathogenic bacteria in diseased soil were related to the occurrence of disease,but the bacteria free in cultivated soil could only survive for two months at natural temperature.【Conclusion】 The primary infection source of potato blackleg disease in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia is the infected seed potato and the disease residual after winter,and the amount of bacteria carried by the seed potato is an important factor affecting the occurrence of the disease.

【Objective】To explore a soybean-maize intercropping pattern suitable for the ecological conditions in the cold and arid regions of northeast China.【Methods】 A one-way random block design was used to set up six treatments： 2∶2 pattern （BO-S2∶M2）,4∶4 pattern（BO-S4∶M4）,4∶2 pattern（BO-S4∶M2） and 6∶4 pattern（BO-S6∶M4） of soybean-maize row ratio before optimization,and 6∶2 mode（AO-S2∶M2） and 4∶4 mode（AO-S4∶M4） after optimization,monoculture corn,monoculture soybeanwere used as control. The fertility process of each intercropping pattern land equivalent ratio,net effect,compensating effect,selection effect and economic benefits were analyzed.【Results】 Compare with monocropping soybean under intercropping patterns,the growth period of soybean was delayed by 2-3 days compared with that of monoculture soybean. The land equivalent ratio of each intercropping mode was greater than 1,and the crop yield increased by 13%-36% compared with monoculture. The net effect of AO-S2∶M2 pattern was 317.04 kg/hm ²,which was significantly higher than that of other patterns（ P<0.05）. Among the intercropping patterns,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the largest compensating effect,which was significantly higher than that of the BO-S2∶M2 pattern（ P<0.05）. Compared with the pre-optimization period,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern selection effect increased by 46.90%. Compared with monoculture maize,AO-S2∶M2 and AO-S4∶M4 increased by 38.16 and 9.33 yuan/hm ²,respectively. Compared with monoculture soybean,all intercropping patterns showed an increase of 53.39-379.74 yuan/hm ². Principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the highest comprehensive score of 2.11,followed by the AO-S4∶M4 pattern（0.62）.【Conclusion】 The advantages of 2∶2 and 4∶4 intercropping patterns of soybean-maize after optimization of planting technology are prominent,and the intercropping mode of soybean-maize after optimization has the greatest advantage over the 2∶2 intercropping mode,which has more promotion value in cold and arid region of northeast China.

【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content（ P<0.01）. The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest（ P<0.01）,and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature（ P<0.01）. The regression equation of grain dehydration rate （ y） with basic moisture content （ x ₁） and daily average temperature （ x ₂） was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732 x ₁+0.025 422 x ₂, R ²=0.419 2, P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P<0.01）,but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P>0.05）. There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height（ P>0.05）. The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.

【Objective】In order to effectively improve the processing quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds pelleting and explore the cleaning process of monogerm seeds,provide theoretical reference for seed pelleting of sugar beet monogerm.【Methods】By setting different test parameters,the effects of original seed size classification,grinding times,grinding conditions,specific gravity screening and water selection on the quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds were compared and analyzed.【Results】The graded treatment of original seeds could improve the uniformity of beet seed grain size and significantly improve the germination rate,compared with the original seeds without graded treatment（ P<0.05）. After screening and grading,the germination rate of the polished and regrinding seed was significantly higher（ P<0.05） than that of the original seeds（particle size 4.75-5.25 mm）,and the germination rate of the grinding twice was the highest 89.30%,which was significantly higher than that of the regrinding once and other polished seeds（ P<0.05）. The 1 000-grain weight and peeling rate of the seeds after grinding treatment were significantly different from that of the original unpolished seeds（ P<0.05）. The screening results of different grinding conditions indicated that in the grinding intensity treatment,the germination potential and germination rate of different grinding intensity grades of 2.0-2.5 mm,2.5-3.0 mm,3.0-3.5 mm were significantly different（ P<0.05）,and the frequency of 35 Hz was significantly higher than that of 40 Hz（ P<0.05）. The frequency of 35 Hz,time 3 min and 45 Hz and time 1 min had high germination rate,which was suitable for sugar beet monogerm seed grinding. The specific gravity screening results show that the germination rate and 1 000-grain weight of specific weight 2 were the highest,at 85.00% and 9.62 g. In them,the germination rate was significantly higher than that of other seeds except for specific gravity 3（ P<0.05）,and the 1 000-grain weight was significantly higher than that of other treatment（ P<0.05）. In water selection test,it showed that the germination potential and germination rate after water selection+back drying 18 h were the highest,with 91.25% and 92.75% respectively,which were significantly higher than other drying conditions（ P<0.05）,and the water content at this time was 10%.【Conclusion】After a series of cleaning processes such as impurity removal,grading,polishing,specific gravity screening,and water selection,the germination rate of the original seeds of sugar beet monogerm seeds can be effectively improved,which is helpful for the promotion and application of sugar beet monogerm seeds pellet technology.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers on soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,as well as potato growth,development,and yield,and to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture retention and yield increase of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers in potato fields in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The local dominant potato variety Huasong No. 7 grown in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was used as the test material. In 2022 and 2023,under the condition of balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,a total of seven nitrogen application types were set up,including zero nitrogen fertilizer（CK）,traditional nitrogen fertilizer level（NPK）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level（RN）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of water-soluble fertilizer（RN+WF）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure（RN+SM）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of bio-organic fertilizer（RN+BM）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of control-released urea（RN+RUN）. Analyzed the impacts of replacing partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer with different fertilizers on the vertical distribution of soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer as well as potato growth and development,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.【Results】In 2022 and 2023,lower soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer was observed in the different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments compared with that of CK. RN+SM treatment had the highest soil water consumption of potato fields in the whole growth period,which was 5.14% and 6.59% higher than that of CK,respectively. RN+SM treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation per plant of potato in the whole growth period,which was increased by 19.70% and 18.93% compared with CK,respectively. The potato yields of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments were significantly elevated compared with CK（ P<0.05）,and the yield increase ranged from 3.40% to 23.73%,and the most obvious increase in RN+SM treatment. The water use efficiency and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of potatoes treated with different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers were highest in RN+SM treatment,with water use efficiency increased by 17.68% and 44.71% compared to CK,and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 36.78% and 42.38% compared to NPK.【Conclusion】The 80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure can increase the dry matter accumulation per plant of potato,improve potato yield,soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,it is an ideal fertilization model for potato planting in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To study effects of different selenium application amount on selenium content,quality and yield of flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni,provide reference for planting selenium-rich Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.【Methods】Four varieties of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were selected,including Changzuizihua,Sanyuehua,Qingchong,and Dawuzui. Selenium fertilizer was applied to the roots during the bolting period,with selenium application amounts of 150 kg/hm ² （Se10）,225 kg/hm ²（Se15）,and 300 kg/hm ²（Se20）,respectively,with no selenium fertilizer application as the control （Se0）. The selenium content,quality,yield,and selenium accumulation in the flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were measured after harvesting on June 30 and July 8,2022.【Results】After selenium treatment,the selenium content and selenium accumulation of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds increased,and the selenium content and selenium accumulation of Changzuizihua were the highest,which were 0.031 mg/kg and 752.786 mg/hm ². With the increase of selenium application amount,the selenium content in the flower buds of all varieties at two picking times showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,the optimal selenium application amount for Changzuizihua and Sanyuehua was 150 kg/hm ²,and the selenium content in flower buds was 0.031,0.070 mg/kg and 0.010,0.003 mg/kg,respectively. While the optimal selenium application amount for Qingchong and Dawuzui was 225 kg/hm ²,and the selenium content of flower buds was 0.006,0.015 mg/kg and 0.015,0.030 mg/kg,respectively. After drying,the selenium content of dry sample showed a multifold relationship with that of fresh sample,which was 3.47-4.00,consistent with the water content. There was no loss of selenium content during drying process. With the increase of selenium application amount,the flower bud weight and flower bud yield of all varieties increased first and then decreased,but the effects on bud length and width were different among all varieties. 【Conclusion】Moderate application of selenium fertilizer can improve the selenium content,quality,and yield of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds. Excessive application of selenium fertilizer can inhibit the weight of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds and reduce yield.

【Objective】To isolate and screen plant growth-promoting strains from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi.【Methods】To collect root and rhizosphere soil samples of Artemisia argyi from Ordos and Tongliao in Inner Mongolia,isolate and purify symbiotic fungi-dark septate endophytes（DSE） and functional bacteria,identify them using molecular biology techniques,screen DSE strains and functional bacteria with significant growth promoting effects,construct artificial microbial communities,and set up non inoculated bacteria（A）,single inoculated DSE（B）,single inoculated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（C）,single inoculated nitrogen-fixing bacteria（D）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（E）,DSE+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（F）,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（G）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（H） eight treatments were used to conduct a rewinding experiment on Artemisia argyi plants to screen for the best bacterial strain.【Results】The colonization rate of DSE fungi in the roots of Artemisia argyi was the highest,and the symbiotic structure was mainly chain,strip,brain and scattered. Four strains of DSE were successfully isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi,among which Paraphoma chrysanthemicola was the dominant strain in both test sites. A total of 36 functional bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi,including 26 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 10 nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were mainly Bacillus,accounting for 30.50% of the total number of isolates,of which Bacillus pumilus accounted for 27.20%. Rhizobium was the main nitrogen-fixing bacteria,accounting for 16.67% of the total number of isolates,of which Rhizobium cellulosilyticum accounted for 33.30%.The growth indexes of Artemisia argyi in B-H treatments were better than those in A treatment. Among them,H treatment had the best growth-promoting effect,and its stem diameter,leaf number,aboveground biomass and underground biomass increased by 24.93%,80.00%,279.17% and 251.69%,respectively.【Conclusion】The compound inoculation of Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Bacillus pumilus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum had the best growth-promoting effect,and DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria treatment was the best growth-promoting microbial combination.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil bacterial community in Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.【Methods】Four corn straw returning modes including subsoiling returning straw（SSR）,deep spin returning straw（SCR）,deep tillage returning straw（DPR）,no-tillage returning straw（NTR）,and farmer′s shallow rotation（CK）were the positioning tests. Soil bacterial community diversity was investigated by 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology,and its correlation with soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】There were significant effects in soil bacterial diversity and community composition among different straw returning treatments（ P<0.05）,in which,NTR treatment significantly enhanced the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes（ P<0.05）,the abundance of Chloroflexi in DPR treatment was significantly increased（ P<0.05）,and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. That the straw returing treatments could significantly improve the soil physicochemical properties and increase soil enzyme activities,among which SSR treatment had the most significant improvement effect（ P<0.05）. RDA analysis found that the main physicochemical properties that drive the composition of the soil bacterial community were alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium,cation exchange capacity,compaction and bulk density, Arthrobacter, Gaiella, Solirorobacter, Streptomyces were susceptible to soil environmental factors.【Conclusion】The straw returning has a positive effect on the improvement of the soil biological community in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.

Systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides in plants is a crucial process for effective pest and disease control. Understanding the behavior and research methodologies of pesticide translocation within plants is essential for optimizing pesticide application and enhancing control efficacy. This review summarizes the processes of pesticide uptake,translocation,accumulation,and degradation in plants. Factors influencing systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides are discussed from four perspectives：physicochemical properties,molecular structure characteristics,pesticide adjuvants,and application methods. Recent research methodologies for studying pesticide translocation are also reviewed,including residue analysis,bioassay,radioactive isotope tracing,fluorescence tracing,and mass spectrometry imaging. This review aims to provide theoretical references for future research on systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides and the safe and rational application of pesticides.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of various anthocyanidin components on tree peony flower hues.【Methods】Six different varieties of tree peony were selected as experimental materials.The color system of tree peonies was classified according to visualization,color chart and colorimeter values.The chlorophyll,carotenoid,cyanidin,anthocyanin,and flavonoid content were determined among the petals,and the cyanidin and anthocyanin components were detected by mass spectrometer.【Results】The six varieties of tree peony could be divided into five major colors：composite color,yellow,green,purplish red,and red. The petals of cyanidin and anthocyanin varied significantly among tree peony varieties. The red system Nihonghuancai exhibited the highest concentration,while the green system Lvmuyinyu showed the lowest. Pelargonidin and paeoniflor were not detected in the composite color system Lanyueliang,nor was peonidin in the green system Lvmuyinyu. Moreovre,the contents of cyanidin,pelargonidin,and peonidin in the red system Nihonghuancai,as well as petunidin,delphinidin,and malvidin in the purplish red system Luoyanghong,were higher than those in other color system. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside content in red system was highest,656.17 times higher than that in yellow system and 102.96 times higher than in purplish red system. The content of paeoniflorin 3-O-glucoside was higher in the red system and purplish red system,which was 59 064.28,34 283.83 ng/g,respectively.【Conclusion】The cyanidin is more important for the coloring of red system and purplish red system than other color systems. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside is an important pigment factor that causes the difference in purple and red peonies,and peonidin 3-O-glucoside is one of the main coloration factors for red system and purplish red system.

Quinoa has multiple health effects such as antioxidant,anti-cancer,anti-allergy,sugar control,lipid regulation,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,etc.Quinoa is a multi-grain food with full nutrients,high biological activity and multi-health functions,and has a large development space. This paper reviews the protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid,complex vitamins such as vitamin B ₂,vitamin B ₆,and folic acid,minerals such as Mg,Zn,and Fe,and bioactive substances such as polyphenols,flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides in quinoa,and analyzes other functions and development prospects of quinoa. And put forward the scientific and technological research suggestions of quinoa in the big health industry.

【Objective】To analyze the genetic law and gene mapping of powdery mildew resistance in seed-used pumpkin in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and provide reference for parental breeding of seed-used pumpkin resistant varieties.【Methods】13 international identified melon hosts were used to identify the physiological race of powdery mildew.Six-generation populations were constructed with powdery mildew resistant varieties M2 as the maternal parent and powdery mildew susceptible varieties F4 as the paternal parent. The genetic law of powdery mildew resistance in seed-used pumpkin were analyzed by chi-square fitness test. The resistant and susceptible pool and two parental pools were created through the F2 segregating population,and the resistant genes were initially mapped using BSA-seq and InDel molecular marker.【Results】The physiological race of powdery mildew in seed-used pumpkin was 2US;the genetic characteristics of F2 segregating population plants were normally distributed and showed quantitative traits,and powdery mildew resistant traits were controlled by a pair of single dominant genes. Seed-used pumpkin powdery mildew resistant genes were linked to three related candidate regions with a total length of 3.41 Mb and containing 468 genes. In the candidate region,the powdery mildew resistant gene of seed-used pumpkin was mapped to the tenth linkage group,and the two linkage markers were pm10-8 and pm10-1.【Conclusion】The powdery mildew resistant gene in seed-used pumpkin was located between marker pm10-8 and marker pm10-1,and the genetic distance from the two flanking markers was 20.5 cM and 17.1 cM,respectively. There were 27 candidate genes in this region.

【Objective】To study the resistance performance of maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust,and provide resistant materials for the breeding of maize varieties resistant to southern corn rust.【Methods】The resistance of 64 maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust was identified by means of natural infection in spring sowing and artificial inoculation in summer sowing.【Results】There were significant differences in the resistance of different maize inbred lines to southern corn rust,among 64 materials artificially inoculated,the control inbred lines Qi 319 and Qi 318 were identified as high resistance to southern corn rust,while Chang 7-2 and Zheng 58 were identified as high susceptible to southern corn rust. The inbred lines H025B and K4321 were identified as highly resistant to southern corn rust,while H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 were identified as resistant to southern corn rust. Among all the identified germplasms,the percentages of highly resistant and resistant materials were 6.25% and 9.38%,respectively,while high susceptible and susceptible materials were 42.19% and 23.44%,respectively. 【Conclusion】Among the 64 maize inbred lines germplasm resources,inbred lines H025B,K4321,H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 showed high resistance and resistance to southern corn rust;the germplasm resources of maize inbred lines are susceptible to southern corn rust,which is more severe and common in maize,and there is a lack of antigens. However,there were high resistance resources to southern corn rust in existing inbred line germplasm resources,which can provide important antigens for breeding disease resistant varieties.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different row spacing configurations on agronomic traits,yield and quality of millet in western Henan,and to provide reference for high-yield cultivation technology in western Henan.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted using the main cultivated varieties Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 in the region as materials. The agronomic traits,yield and nutritional quality of millet were analyzed by using a completely random block design and three row spacings,namely T1（23 cm+43 cm）,T2（16 cm+50 cm）and equal row spacing T3（30 cm+30 cm）.【Results】The plant height,leaf length and leaf width of Yugu 18 reached the maximum values of 103.90,39.46 and 3.28 cm under T2 treatment,respectively,and the plant height and leaf width were significantly higher than those of other treatments（ P<0.05）;the internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 13.06 cm under T2 treatment. Stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield reached the maximum values under T1 treatment,which were 9.23 mm,21.17 cm,19.56 mm and 4 636.80 kg/hm ²,respectively. Plant height,leaf length,leaf width,stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield of Tiansu 10 reached the maximum values of 112.00 cm,45.80 cm,3.07 cm,8.77 mm,23.17 cm,17.60 mm and 4 680.40 kg/hm ² under T1 treatment,respectively. The internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 14.07 cm under T2 treatment. The path analysis showed that the most influential factor on the yield of Yugu 18 was spike diameter（0.485）,followed by spike length（0.209）. Spike diameter（0.527）,followed by stem diameter（0.348）,had the greatest impact on the yield of Tiansu 10. Grey correlation analysis showed that the importance of different row spacing to the nutritional quality indexes of Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 was ranked as carbohydrate> crude protein>crude fat>crude ash>crude fiber.【Conclusion】 When the yield is the goal,the row spacing of millet in western Henan is T1（23 cm+43 cm）,which can increase the ear diameter;When the goal of nutritional quality is T2（16 cm+50 cm）,the row spacing is preferred,which can improve the nutritional quality.

Soluble organic carbon（DOC） is one of the more active components in soil organic carbon（SOC）,which can effect the utilization of soil nutrients by crops and the activities of microorganisms in the soil.This article summarizes the composition and sources of DOC,the influencing factors of adsorbing DOC,and uses four equation models to analyze the adsorption capacity results of DOC in dry land,forest land,paddy field and different soil layers. By analyzing soil aggregates and soil clay minerals,to further reviewe the related research on the relationship between soil DOC and SOC stabilization,with the aim of understanding the soil carbon sequestration potential. So as to provide a reference for the green and efficient development of agriculture.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different limited supplementary irrigation on the light response curve and yield of maize in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia,and determine the rational supplementary irrigation system of maize in this region.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Narin Orchard,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia from 2021 to 2022. Five supplementary irrigation amounts of 900 m ³/hm ²（W1）,1 050 m ³/hm ²（W2）,1 200 m ³/hm ²（W3）,1 350 m ³/hm ²（W4）,and 1 500 m ³/hm ²（CK） were set during the whole growth stage. The effects of different supplementary irrigation amounts on leaf area index,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation of maize during the whole growth stage,and light response curve of filling stage and yield were studied by 225 m ³/hm ² pre-seedling drip irrigation,150 m ³/hm ² drip irrigation at filling stage,and equal incremental drip irrigation（with an increasing gradient of 75 m ³/hm ²） at jointing stage and tasseling stage.【Results】Leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield all increased first and then decreased with the increase of supplemental irrigation amount. With the development of growth stage,the leaf area index and chlorophyll content showed a parabolic shape,and the highest was found in the tasseling stage. During the two years,the leaf area index of maize under W3 treatment higher than W1,W2 treatment,and CK during the filling stage,average increases of 7.42%,3.85%,and 2.28% respectively;chlorophyll content under W3 treatment during filling stage and mature stage higher than W1,W2 treatment and CK,average increases of 9.73%,5.29%,and 13.19% respectively. In 2021,the dry matter accumulation of maize under W3 treatment was 1.89% lower than CK on average during tasseling stage,filling stage,and mature stage,while average reduction was 4.04% in 2022. In 2021 and 2022,W3 treatment maximum net photosynthetic rate increased by 12.00% and 7.69%,while apparent quantum efficiency increased of 7.55% and 19.57%,yield increased of 3.74% and 6.24% compared with CK,respectively.【Conclusion】Limited supplementary irrigation has a certain inhibitory effect on maize growth and development. W3 treatment（1 200 m ³/hm ²） showed significantly higher leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield than CK,so it is a more appropriate supplemental irrigation amount for maize growth stage in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia.

Nanopore sequencing is the third generation sequencing（TGS） technology based on single molecule. It has the characteristics of no amplification,easy to carry,real-time sequencing,ultra long reading length,direct sequencing of RNA,and detection of base modification. In recent years,nanopore sequencing technology has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in molecular plant breeding fields such as plant genome resequencing,whole genome,transcriptomics,organelle genomics,and epigenetic transcriptomics. The article elaborates on the research status and application prospects of nanopore sequencing technology in potato breeding at home and abroad,in order to provide new ideas for the high-quality development of China′s potato industry.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different varied temperature conditions,gibberellin concentrations,and soaking times on the germination activity of Trollius chinensis Bunge seeds,and to provide reference for the screening of germination activity conditions and sowing of T. chinensis Bunge seeds.【Methods】The seeds of T. chinensis Bunge collected in 2021 as experimental materials were respectively soaked with different concentrations of gibberellin（0,100,250,500,800,1 000,1 500 mg/L） for 24 h and 48 h,and varied temperature conditions（15/5,20/10,25/15,25/20,30/20,30/25 ℃） were set to simulate field temperature changes for germination experiments. The germination time of the seeds of T. chinensis Bunge and the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index were analyzed under 25/20 ℃ varied temperature conditions in different gibberellin concentrations and soaking times and soaking for 24 h in different varied temperature conditions and gibberellin concentrations.【Results】The germination start time of T. chinensis Bunge seeds was shorter under the conditions of soaking in 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h and 48 h at 25/20 ℃,soaking in 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h at 30/25 ℃,and soaking in 800 and 1 000 mg/L gibberellin for 48 h at 30/25 ℃,all of which were 6 d. Under the varied temperature condition of 25/20 ℃,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds soaked for 48 h in 500 and 800 mg/L gibberellin treatments were significantly higher than soaked for 24 h（ P<0.05）;at the same soaking time,seeds treated with 250 and 500 mg/L gibberellin showed higher germination rate,germination potential,and germination index. Under soaking for 24 h and varied temperature conditions of 20/10,25/15 and 25/20 ℃,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds treated with 250 mg/L gibberellin were significantly higher than those treated with other gibberellin concentrations（ P<0.05）;under the treatment of 250 mg/L gibberellin,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds at 25/20 ℃ were significantly higher than those under other varied temperature conditions（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The sensitivity of germination of T. chinensis Bunge seeds is different in varied temperature conditions and gibberellin concentration treatments. Both excessively high and low temperature conditions,as well as treatment with gibberellin concentration,are not conducive to the seed germination of T. chinensis Bunge;under the conditions of 25/20 ℃,treating the seed of T. chinensis Bunge with 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h can better improve germination activity.

Wheat is one of the important food crops globally and has significant implications for the development of China economy. Soil salinization can induce high pH stress，osmotic stress，ionic toxicity and oxidative damage in wheat，which inhibit the normal physiological and metabolic activities of wheat，leading to the limitation of its growth and development and reduction of yield. The article summarizes the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on growth，cell structure and physiology and biochemistry of wheat，and describes the response mechanism of wheat to saline and alkaline stresses，with the aim of providing reference for improving the saline-alkali tolerance of wheat.

【Objective】To identify the most suitable mainstream image preprocessing method for deploying ConvNeXt convolutional neural network model on portable handheld devices in tobacco leaf maturity identification.【Methods】Tobacco leaf images were collected by a portable handheld image acquisition device. The images were preprocessed by four preprocessing methods,namely Gaussian scaling,contrast enhancement,color enhancement,and crop-scaling,respectively. A ConvNeXt convolutional neural network was used to construct a model,and the accuracy,training time,and model size of the model for tobacco leaf maturity identification were recorded. By comparative analysis of the performance,training efficiency,and model size of different preprocessing methods,evaluate the potential application of ConvNext convolutional neural network model in identifying tobacco leaf maturity on portable devices.【Results】Among the four image preprocessing methods,Gaussian scaling the best overall performance at tobacco leaf maturity identification when combined with the ConvNeXt convolutional neural network model. The model trained with Gaussian scaled images achieved an accuracy of 97.68%,outperforming the models trained with contrast enhancement,color enhancement,and crop-scaling. It also demonstrated the shortest training time（8.927 minutes） and a compact model size（63.5 MB）,highlighting both efficiency and lightweight characteristics. Compared to other models such as YOLO and XGBoost,the ConvNeXt model with Gaussian scaling showed superior performance across all indexes,especially in terms of accuracy and training speed,making it well-suited for deployment on portable handheld devices.【Conclusion】As an image preprocessing method,Gaussian scaling can effectively enhance the accuracy and operational efficiency of the ConvNeXt convolutional neural network model for tobacco leaf maturity identification tasks. The model constructed by combining Gaussian scaling with ConvNeXt convolutional neural network has fast training speed and low resource consumption,making it suitable for use on portable handheld image acquisition devices.

【Objective】To establish a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the effective components of chickpea flavonoids,and evaluate the in vitro pharmacological effects of chickpeas and chickpea total flavonoids through antibacterial tests.【Methods】Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used for analysis,Zorbax SB-C ₁₈（4.6 mm×150.0 mm,5 μm）column was used,with mobile phase A（methanol）∶B（0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution）=45∶55. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min for equal elution,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The precision,stability,repeatability and sample recovery were verified by HPLC. Filter paper diffusion method,Oxford cup method and micro broth dilution method were used to investigate the antibacterial effect of chickpea（100 mg/mL） and chickpea total flavonoids（20 mg/mL）.【Results】After equal elution,three flavonoids,rutin,naringin dihydrochalcone,and quercetin were well separated,and their chromatographic peaks showed good separation within 30 min,with a linear range of 0.003 75-0.060 00 mg/mL（ R ²=0.996-0.999）. The stability and repeatability test results indicate that,the content of rutin was 0.032 mg/g,and the content of naringin dihydrochalcone was 0.052 mg/g,quercetin was not detected. In the antibacterial effect experiment,the filter paper diffusion method and Oxford cup method did not appear bacteriostatic circle,and the pore plates of the micro broth dilution method bacteriostatic experiment were muddy.【Conclusion】The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method used in this experiment has certain reliability and is suitable for the separation and determination of two flavonoids,rutin and naringin dihydrochalcone in chickpeas. Through the verification of three antibacterial methods,chickpea and chickpea total flavonoids did not have obvious antibacterial effect.

【Objective】To investigate the prevention and control effect of plant inducible resistance agents on field sunflower broomrapes,and provide a new perspective for the comprehensive prevention and control of sunflower broomrapes.【Methods】The test sites were located in Siziwang Banner,Ulanqab City and Guyang County,Baotou City,Inner Mongolia. The parasitism rate and parasitism degree of sunflower broomrape were assessed at four different time points（20 th July,10 th August,15 th August,and 30 th September） using a drip irrigation system in the field. The treatments included jinmiao target,chitin and Bacillus subtilis,a combination of jinmiao target and chitin and Bacillus subtilis complex,and water as control（CK）. The effects of two plant inducible resistance agents on Orobanehe cumana parasitical sunflower growth indexes and yield were investigated. 【Results】After drip irrigation with jinmiao target alone,the parasitism degrees of sunflower broomrape in both test sites was significantly lower than that of CK（ P<0.05）,which were reduced by 2.95,6.27,3.97 and 1.11,4.99,4.08. The plant height and yield of sunflower increased significantly in both sites（ P<0.05）. The plant height was increased by 39.15,36.97,20.66 and 22.50 cm. The yield was increased by 892.80 and 984.00 kg/hm ²,respectively. After only drip irrigation with chitin and B. subtilis,parasitism degrees increased significantly compared with CK at different time points（ P<0.05）. The parasitism degrees of the two test sites increased by 5.71,3.77,1.91 and 1.36,14.12,13.03,respectively. There was no significant difference between CK and other sunflower growth indexes（ P>0.05）. After a combination of jinmiao target and chitin and B. subtilis drip irrigation,parasitism rates and parasitism degrees were significantly reduced compared with CK. The parasitism rate decreased by 79.60%,31.80%,19.00% and 36.67%,81.00%,35.67%,respectively. Parasitism degree decreased by 7.25%,9.69%,8.80% and 1.33%,6.01%,5.61%,respectively. Plant height,disc diameter and yield of sunflower were significantly increased compared with CK（ P<0.05）. The plant height was increased by 23.08,33.49 and 14.08,11.33 cm,respectively. The disc diameter was increased by 6.18 and 4.44 cm,respectively. The yield was increased by 796.80 and 835.20 kg/hm ²,respectively.【Conclusion】The combination of jiaomiao target and drip irrigation can be integrated into the green prevention and control technology system of sunflower broomrapes for effective prevention and control.

【Objective】To screen the suitable maize planting density and varieties in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,and provide reference for the improvement of maize yield per unit area based on this.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia from 2022 to 2023. A two-factor randomized block design was adopted,and the main treatment was plant density（D1：90 000 plants/hm ²,D2：97 500 plants/hm ²,D3：105 000 plants/hm ²,D4：112 500 plants/hm ²,D5：120 000 plants/hm ²）,and varieties were sub-treated（Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268,Jinyuan 118）. The effects of different densities on agronomic traits,yield components and yield of each maize variety were analyzed,and their economic benefits were calculated.【Results】At 5 densities,the reproductive growth of Sitai 112 was 3 days earlier than that of other varieties. At D3 density,Mingyu 268 plant height and ear height both were the highest,which were 3.18 and 1.33 cm,respectively. At D5 density,the lodging rate and hollow bar ratio of Mingyu 268 both were the highest,which were 30.40% and 14.21%,respectively. With the increase of density,the ear length of each variety gradually decreased and the values of Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268 and Jinyuan 118 reached the maximum at the density of D1,which were 20.10,21.55,18.75 and 20.85 cm,and there was no significant difference in ear diameter among varieties（ P>0.05）. At the density of D1 and D2,the yield and net income of Sitai 112 were highest,which were 14.68,15.01 t/hm ² and 27 394,28 017 yuan/hm ². At the density of D3 and D4,the yield and net income of Lilong 170 were highest,which were 17.09,17.00 t/hm ² and 32 504,32 206 yuan/hm ². At the density of D5,the yield and net income of Jinyuan 118 were highest,which were 13.13 t/hm ² and 23 585 yuan/hm ².【Conclusion】In Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,the high-yield cultivated varieties were Sitai 112 at 90 000 and 97 500 plants/hm ²,Lilong 170 at 105 000 and 112 500 plants/hm ²,and Jinyuan 118 at 120 000 plants/hm ².

【Objective】To screen the tomato germplasm resistance to Tomato masaic virus（ToMV）,Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV） and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）,and lay a foundation for tomato antiviral breeding in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.【Methods】Using six-leaf stage tomato leaves as experimental materials,59 tomato germplasms were analyzed for their resistance to ToMV,TSWV,and TYLCV,and DNA extraction and molecular marker detection were performed.【Results】Nine varieties demonstrated resistance to TYLCV,including 1 cherry tomato,1 strawberry tomato,and 7 fresh tomatoes. Five varieties demonstrated resistance to TSWV,including 3 cherry tomatoes and 2 strawberry tomatoes. Fourteen varieties demonstrated resistance to ToMV,including 3 strawberry tomatoes and 11 fresh tomatoes.【Conclusion】In the 59 tomato germplasms,fresh tomatoes resistant to viruses accounted for 30.51%,strawberry tomatoes accounted for 10.17%,and cherry tomatoes accounted for 6.78%;There were 14 ToMV-resistant germplasms,5 TSWV-resistant germplasms,and 9 TYLCV-resistant germplasms,so 47.46% of the germplasms contained disease resistance genes.

【Objective】To explore the effects of seed coating agents and biological agents on the nodulation and growth of continuous soybean in the main soybean production area of Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,and to provide technical support for breaking soybean continuous cropping obstacle.【Methods】Using Mengkedou No. 8 as the experimental material,seven treatments were set up in a continuous cropping field in Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,including Duofuke suspension soybean seed coating agent（DFK）,Liangdun suspension soybean seed coating agent（LD）,Ruisheng suspension soybean seed coating agent（RS）,Biological suspension soybean seed coating agent（BIO）,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi seed dressing（AMF）,soybean rhizobia seed dressing（SR）,and water seed dressing（CK）. To analyze the effects of different treatments on the variation,growth dynamics,yield and its constituent factors in above-ground dry matter accumulation and nodule dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping soybean during the growth stage.【Results】The above-ground dry matter accumulation and nodule dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping soybean in each treatment showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing during the growth stage,and reached the maximum value in the drum grain stage（R6）. Compared to the CK,the above-ground dry matter accumulation increased by 7.54% to 39.40% in R6,the increase orders were LD>SR>AMF>BIO>RS>DFK. And the nodule dry matter accumulation increased by 8.80% to 187.71% in R6,the increase orders were AMF>SR>LD>BIO>RS>DFK. Compared with CK,the start time of the dry matter rapid accumulation period（ t ₁） of the above-ground was delayed in the all treatments（except LD treatment）,and t ₁ of the nodule was advanced in the all treatments;the duration time of dry matter rapid accumulation period（ Δt） of the above-ground was longer in DFK and RS treatments,the Δt of the nodule was longer in the all treatment;the average rate of the dry matter rapid accumulation period（ V _mean） of the above-ground was faster in the LD,RS,BIO,AMF,and SR treatments,the V _mean of the nodule was faster in the AMF and SR treatments. Both seed coating agents and biological agents treatment increased the yield of continuous cropping soybean,where LD,BIO,AMF,SR treatments reached significant levels and increased the yield by 13.55%,12.98%,12.81%,7.80%,respectively,compared to the CK（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】In the main soybean production area of Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,above-ground dry matter accumulation and nodule dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping soybean using the Liangdun suspension soybean seed coating agent and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi seed dressing are higher,the continuous cropping soybean yield increase effect is better,and it can effectively breaking the continuous cropping obstacle.

【Objective】To solve the harm caused by sunflower broomrape to host plants in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,and provide new ideas and methods for comprehensive prevention and control of sunflower broomrape.【Methods】The experiments were carried out in the sunflower planting area of the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain. Microecological agents were applied to the prevention and control of sunflower broomrape by different application methods,drip irrigation at different growth stages,and different application doses. The plant height,stem diameter,flower disk diameter,and yield of sunflowers were investigated,and the parasitic rate,parasitic intensity,parasitic degree,height,withering rate,and fresh weight of different treatments of sunflower broomrape were analyzed.【Results】Compared with the control group with clear water（D1）,the yield of sunflower was increased by 83.6% on average,the parasitic rate of sunflower broomrape was decreased by 10.3% on average,the wilting rate of sunflower broomrape was increased by 24.8% on average,the height of sunflower broomrape was decreased by 23.9% on average with basal application 150 kg/hm ² microecological agents before sowing. Compared with the clear water control（Y1）,the yield of sunflower increased by 21.4% on average,the parasitic rate of sunflower broomrape decreased by 54.3% on average,the wilting rate of sunflower broomrape increased by 43.3% on average,the fresh weight of sunflower broomrape decreased by 533.0 kg/hm ² on average with drip irrigation 112.5 L/hm ² microecological agents at 4-6 leaf stage.【Conclusion】In the process of sunflower planting in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,appropriate amount basal application prevention and control sunflower broomrape microecological agents before sowing can significantly reduce the parasitic rate and growth height of broomrape,increase its wilting rate,and significantly increase the yield of sunflower. In addition,in the 4-6 leaf stage of sunflower,the application of microecological agents by drip irrigation also has the effect of effectively preventing and controlling sunflower broomrape disease and improving sunflower yield and quality.

【Objective】To analyse the components of the essential oil of Potentilla bifurca L. var. major Ledeb..【Methods】 The essential oil of Potentilla bifurca L. var. major Ledeb. was prepared by steam distillation and Soxhlet organic extraction,headspace（HS）-solid phase microextraction（SPME）-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）was used to analyse the components of the essential oils.【Results】A total 113 volatile substance compounds were identified and separated in the essential oils prepared by two methods,mainly including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,olefins,ketones,alkanes and organic acids compounds.Among them,the relative content of ester compounds was the highest at 50.10%;next were alcohols and alkanes,accounting for 39.24% and 8.16%,respectively.【Conclusion】The main volatile substances in the essential oil of Potentilla bifurca L. var. major Ledeb. are esters,alcohols and alkanes.

【Objective】In order to investigate the effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soybean growth and development in Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia and the economic benefits,and provided a reference for soybean water and fertilizer management in this area.【Methods】The experiment will be carried out in the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulun Buir City from 2022 to 2023. Mengdou No. 48 was used as the test material,and three fertilization treatments were set up,conventional fertilization（CK）,increased application organic fertilizer（OF）,and increased application of microbial fertilizer（MF）,respectively. The experiment analyzed soybean growth traits,leaf SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield factor indexes,and calculated economic benefits,and calculated synergism and efficiency increase.【Results】The plant height,number of main stem nodes and effective branching number of soybean treated with OM were significantly higher than those treated with CK（ P<0.05）,and the bottom pod height of soybean treated with OM and MF was significantly lower than that treated with CK（ P<0.05）. The changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf SPAD value of soybean increased gradually with the progression of growth stage,and the performance was OM>MF>CK.Dry matter accumulation at podding stage,drumming stage and maturity stage was significantly higher under OM treatment than CK（ P<0.05）. The leaf SPAD value of OM treatment was significantly higher than CK at flowering stage,podding stage and druming stage（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the number of pod per plant,grain weight per plant,100-grain weight and effective plant number of soybean in OM and MF treatment were significantly higher than those in CK（ P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference between OM and MF treatment（ P>0.05）. Soybean yield has a extremely significant positive correlation with number of pod per plant,number of seeds per plant,grain weight per plant and effective plant number（ P<0.01）. Soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with whole growth period,plant height,number of main stem nodes,dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value and 100-grain weight（ P<0.05）. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with bottom pod height（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the soybean yield under OM treatment increased by 625.70 kg/hm ² and 599.60 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 21.20% and 19.30%,respectively.In addition,MF treatment increased production by 375.80 kg/hm ² and 237.10 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 10.40% and 3.80%,respectively.【Conclusion】In Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia,the best fertilizer mode for increasing soybean yield and efficiency was to apply organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer.

【Objective】Study the dynamic accumulation and distribution differences characteristics of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains,this could provide a reference for the breeding and production of specialized high-quality maize varieties.【Methods】Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 were chosen as the experiment material. The grains within the ear were collected 12 days after pollination,collected grains every 7 days,dry them to constant weight,maize grains protein,fat,and starch content were rapidly detected by near-infrared spectroscopy,to analyse the correlation between the dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch,and to compare the differences in the dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content between spring sowing and summer sowing.【Results】The protein content of maize grains decreased sharply in spring sowing and then stable variation,while it increased again in summer sowing,showed a wave like pattern;the fat content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing first increased and then decreased,the starch content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing increased gradually with grain development,the total protein and fat content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains gradually decreased overall. The accumulation rate dynamic of protein,fat,and starch in spring sowing and summer sowing grains showed a zigzag pattern. The distribution of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed an overall pattern of starch>protein>other>fat from 12 to 19 days after pollination of spring sowing,From 26 to 47 days after pollination,it basically showed starch>other>protein>fat.After pollination 12-18 days of summer sowing,the overall appearance showed starch>protein>other>fat,from 19 to 47 days after pollination,the basic appearance was starch>other>protein>fat. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the dynamic accumulation of protein,fat,and starch（ P<0.01）.【Conclusion】The dynamic accumulation and distribution of grains protein,fat,and starch of Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 in spring sowing and summer sowing were greatly affected by the environment. The dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with each other.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilization operation on maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under drip irrigation in Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia,and explore the feasibility of using the nitrogen nutrient index as monitoring index to diagnose the nitrogen nutrient status of maize under drip irrigation with water and fertilization integration in Tumochuan plain.【Methods】The nitrogen nutrient content of mazie under 3 nitrogen fertilization rates（0,270,360 kg/hm ²）and 3 and 5 nitrogen fertilization rates during the whole growth period were tested in Tumed Right Banner of Baotou City and Tumed Left Banner of Hohhot City in Inner Mongolia from 2022 to 2023. The yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize were studied by using variance analysis and statistical modeling. The changes of canopy nitrogen concentration and aboveground biomass were analyzed and construct a critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model.【Results】Increasing the rate and times of nitrogen application could significantly increase ear number,grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight of maize,thus increasing yield. In addition,increasing nitrogen application times could significantly improve nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize（ P<0.05）. Nitrogen application rate increased from 270 kg/hm ² to 360 kg/hm ²,and the average annual yield increased by 5.79%. Nitrogen application times increased from 3 times to 5 times,and the average annual yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 3.15% and 22.25%,respectively. The critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve of maize for drip irrigation in Tumochuan plain is N_c=3.36 W ^-0.22, R ²=0.94, P<0.05,and the validation accuracy RMSE,NRMSE and MAE were 0.40%,11.50% and 0.20%,respectively. The stability of the model was good.According to the model calculation,when the nitrogen application rate was 270 kg/hm ²,the corresponding suitable nitrogen application times were 5 times,and the ratio of 15∶25∶35∶15∶10 was applied at 4 leaf extension stage,8 leaf extension stage,12 leaf extension stage,silking stage and milking stage,respectively,the mazie yield was the best,was 14.09 t/hm ². In this area,the nitrogen fertilization requirements at jointing stage,9 leaf extension stage,12 leaf extension stage,silking stage and milking stage were -3.42 to 15.29,-16.80 to 22.90,-26.86 to 62.32 and -54.65 to 85.14 and -48.18 to 111.80 kg/hm ².【Conclusion】Appropriate increase of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application times can significantly improve maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia. The critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model of maize under drip irrigation in Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia can effectively identify the nitrogen nutrient status of maize plants from the jointing stage to the milking stage and calculate and recommend the appropriate fertilization application rate,so as to realize the on-demand operation of maize growth.

Sea buckthorn is widely planted in the northwest region of China,and its fruit contains abundant phenolic compounds,sugars,vitamins,etc. It has antioxidant and anti-aging,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor,skin health and other effects. As a medicinal and edible plant,sea buckthorn fruit is used in industries such as food,medicine,agriculture,and animal husbandry. The article provides an overview of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn fruit,aiming to lay the foundation for further exploration and utilization of sea buckthorn fruit resources.

【Objective】To objectively evaluate the high yield,stability,and adaptability of silage maize varieties,and provide reference for the promotion of silage maize varieties.【Methods】Shukla model,Eberhart Russell model,AMMI model,and RSD method were used to comprehensively analyze the biological dry weight of 9 silage maize varieties（Chengdan 623,Liang 2020,Chengqing 3211,Chuandan 2110,Le1999,Chengdan 768,Miandan 968,NanW3465,Yayu silage No. 8） in 9 different ecological environments including Yibin City,Leshan City,and Mianyang City in Sichuan Province in 2022.【Results】Liang 2020 and Chengdan 623 had relatively high biological dry weight,with 17 007.75 and 16 664.55 kg/hm ²,which were 11.39% and 9.14% increased compared to Yayu silage No. 8（CK）. The Shukla variance of genotype and environment interaction（G×E） was small,with values of 5 332.98 and 2 520.75. The RSD value was small,RSD _G2=0.130 1 and RSD _G1=0.114 5. The reaction parameters were all less than 1,with b _G1=0.919 1 and b _G2=0.951 9. There was no significant difference（ P>0.05） between the stability parameter S ² _di and the experimental error;the stability parameter D_i value was low,with D _G1=7.39 and D _G2=10.12. From the environmental index of each test site,it could be seen that Dazhou test site had the highest with I _E9=275.96,followed by Nanchong test site with I _E4=253.76,which was the most favorable for variety performance. The maximum discriminant power D _E5 of each test site was 17.74,and the minimum was 1.84,indicating that the Bazhong test site had the strongest discriminant power,while the Ya′an test site had the weakest discriminant power.【Conclusion】Liang 2020 and Chengdan 623 are high yield,stable,and widely adaptable silage maize varieties that can be widely promoted and applied.Bazhong test site is suitable for efficiently selecting high-yield and stable silage maize varieties,while Ya′an test site has weak discernment and is not suitable for efficiently selecting high-quality silage maize varieties.

The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is an important ecological security barrier to curb desertification and sandification east to South in China,which is of great strategic significance to national food security and border stability. For a long time,the problems of farmland desertification degradation and productivity decline caused by serious soil wind erosion and over-cultivation have become increasingly prominent. The technology of straw crushing and covering surface wind erosion prevention has been carried out at home and abroad. The application of straw in the agro-pastoral ecotone is easy to blow away the soil and the stability of wind erosion control is poor. Therefore,the in-depth study of straw mulching technology for wind erosion prevention is of great significance in farmland ecological management. The paper discusses straw mulching techniques such as stubble mulching,broken straw mulching and stubble-straw composite mulching on wind erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization,elucidates the effects of straw mulching on soil microbial community structure and crop agronomic traits and yield traits,summarizes the innovative content and application effects of stubble-straw composite mulching technology,and clarifies the effect and suitability of the wind erosion prevention by the differentiated stubble-straw composite precision mulching technology created in combination with the ecological characteristics of agro-pastoral ecotone and complex farming systems.The differentiated stubble-straw composite precise mulching technology has become the leading technology in major projects such as black soil protection in Northeast China,national farmland protection and quality improvement,and has been widely promoted and applied,providing important scientific and technological support for farmland protection and utilization,and national food security.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of mixed saline-alkali stress on the growth and physiological metabolism of rice seedlings.【Methods】Eight japonica rice varieties were used as experimental materials. Three gradients of mixed saline-alkali stress were set with salt-alkali ratios of 7∶3（SA1）,5∶5（SA2） and 3∶7（SA3）,with distilled water treatment as the control（CK）. After 7 days of mixed saline-alkali stress,growth and physiological indices of rice seedlings were measured.【Results】Compared to the control（CK）,mixed saline-alkali stress significantly increased the rate of withered leaves by 57.49%-98.43%,and significantly reduced chlorophyll content by 49.63%-79.01%,water content of leaves by 3.75-30.90 percentage points,water content of roots by 3.63-14.31 percentage points,total root length by 14.55%-56.81%,and root tip numbers by 23.28%-71.71%（ P<0.05）;the contents of osmoregulatory substances,Na ⁺,and reactive oxygen species（ROS） in rice seedlings significantly increased（ P<0.05）,while K ⁺ content significantly decreased（ P<0.05） under all treatments. Saline-sensitive varieties exhibited a higher degree of inhibition in growth indices,lower contents of osmoregulatory substances and K ⁺,and higher contents of ROS and Na ⁺ under mixed saline-alkali stress compared to salt-tolerant varieties.【Conclusion】The inhibition of rice seedling growth under mixed saline-alkali stress is the result of combined osmotic stress,ion toxicity,and high pH stress,with root growth being more severely affected;elevated pH value aggravates ion toxicity and high pH-induced stress,disrupts the osmoregulatory system,causes multiple physiological and metabolic disorders,and ultimately inhibits seedling growth.