Oats exhibit a wealth of carbohydrates,soluble dietary fiber,proteins,lipids,phenolic compounds,alkaloids,vitamins,and minerals. Among these,avenanthramide are compounds exclusively found in oats. This paper primarily reviewed the research progress related to nomenclature,classification,extraction methods,synthesis,content enhancement,structure-activity and antioxidant activity,as well as the bioavailability,and physiological activity of avenanthramide. It prospected the functional value of avenanthramide in food health and clinical medicine,as well as the optimization of chemical synthesis processes,aiming to offer insights for the development and utilization of avenanthramide.

【Objective】To understand the current situation of garden plant resources and application in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City.【Methods】A survey of 10 artificial plant communities in park green spaces of Yuzhou district,Yulin City were conducted. The species resources and application of garden plants were statistically analyzed.【Results】There were 76 families,177 genera,and 261 species of garden plants in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City,including 1 fern,8 gymnosperms and 252 angiosperms （consisting of 169 dicotyledonous plants and 83 monocotyledonous plants）. The dominant garden plant families were Palmae,Moraceae,Bambusoideae,Euphorbiaceae,Myrtaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. There were 105,84,4,and 68 species of trees,shrubs,woody climber,and herbs. Woody plants were mainly evergreen plants,and herbaceous plants were mainly perennial plants. A total of 19 hydrophytes and phreatophytes were found. There were 177,147,83,22,and 23 species of ornamental flower,foliage, fruit,stem,and aromatic plants,respectively.【Conclusion】The garden plant species in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City were abundant. The dominant families of garden plants were mainly plants with tropical and subtropical origins. Evergreen trees were widely used. Garden plants were mainly ornamental flower,foliage and fruit plants.

【Objective】To quantitatively analyze the yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province and clarify the space for increasing yield and improving utilization efficiency of resource of wheat following rice.【Methods】Four cultivation patterns：super high yield（SH）,high yield and high efficiency（HH）,farmer pattern（FP）and inherent soil productivity（ISP）and three difference levels：first-level yield gap（FP-ISP）,second-level yield gap（HH-FP）,and third-level yield gap（SH-HH） were set up in wheat following rice areas along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of over-wintering stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage,filling stage and maturity stage were determined and the effective ear number,kernels per ear,1 000-grain weight and economic coefficient,as well as yield were measured at maturity stage.【Results】Along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,the first-level yield gap（FP-ISP） of wheat following rice was the largest,with an average of 3 009.6 kg/hm ². The second-level yield gap and the third-level yield gap were 768.5 and 758.0 kg/hm ²,respectively. Yield gaps varied among different wheat following rice planting regions,with the first-level yield gap decreased gradually from north to south,the second-level yield gap increased slightly from north to south,and the third-level yield gap in the north slightly higher than that of the south. The yield gap of the different levels varied greatly among different years. The effective measures to narrow the first-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number,kernels per ear,biological yield,economic coefficient and leaf area index in jointing stage.The effective measures to narrow the second-level yield gap were the enhancement of kernels per ear,biological yield and dry matter in anthesis stage. The effective measures to narrow the third-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number and economic coefficient. Sink number,sink volume,leaf area index in over-wintering stage and jointing stage and dry matter accumulation after flowering were extremely significantly positive correlated（ P<0.01） with the yield of wheat following rice. Nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,light and accumulative temperature utilization efficiency increased with the improvement of yield.【Conclusion】Increasing grain sink number,expanding sink capacity and improving grain sink quality were the effective means to narrow the yield gap and increase yield of wheat following rice in Anhui Province.

【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content（ P<0.01）. The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest（ P<0.01）,and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature（ P<0.01）. The regression equation of grain dehydration rate （ y） with basic moisture content （ x ₁） and daily average temperature （ x ₂） was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732 x ₁+0.025 422 x ₂, R ²=0.419 2, P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P<0.01）,but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P>0.05）. There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height（ P>0.05）. The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.

【Objective】To provide convenience for the identification,monitoring and precise extraction of large-scale crops in the region by analyzing the spectral characteristics of major crops in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Based on the remote sensing data of Zhuhai No.1 hyperspectral satellite,the spectral characteristics of land cover in reclamation area of Alar City,southern Xinjiang were analyzed. Two dimensional（wavelength-reflectance） spectral spatial models and three dimensional（phase-wavelength-reflectance） spectral spatial models were constructed by extracting information from analyzed end-member spectrum features,then analyzed the spectral characteristics of crops such as cotton and corn in the reclamation area from April to October.【Results】Based on the spectral curve characteristics of the same region at different times,the growth cycles of crops planted in the farmland of the reclamation area including the slow seedling stage,peak stage,and fruiting stage were determined. By calculating the mean value of land cover spectral curve,the average spectral curve was constructed to reflect its overall reflectance characteristics in a specific period of time. The overall reflectance of cotton was higher than that of corn and jujube trees. The absorption capacity of rice was noticeably stronger in the infrared band range. The spectral curves of sandy land and water body tend to be smooth and stable. Based on time,the maximum spectral reflectance curve could highlight the characteristics of crops,with cotton having higher reflectance,corn having lower reflectance,and rice having relatively stable reflectance. The spectral reflectance profile curves at a single time point during the vegetation growth cycle all followed the characteristics of vegetation spectral curves,with visible light range being valleys and peaks appearing in the near-infrared range. Major crops such as cotton,jujube,corn,and rice had similar overall spectral surface trends in the three dimensional spectral spatial model. The overall reflectance of sandy land and water body was not high,mostly concentrated below 25%,and their spectral reflectance curves had their own characteristics.【Conclusion】In different growth stages of crops in the reclamation area of Alar City in southern Xinjiang,the reflectance of different wavelengths was different. In the slow seedling stage,the light absorption capacity of visible light band was weak,and the reflectance was high. During the peak stage of vegetation,the light absorption capacity in the visible light band was relatively strong,and the reflectance was relatively low. Sandy land had relatively constant reflectance compared with that of crops. The overall variation range of water body reflectance was not large and the value was not high.

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization，lodging resistance，harvest index，etc. By altering cell division and elongation，phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes，modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones（GA₃，IAA，BR），in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021，four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County and Dongyang Town，Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design，the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County，Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits，strong photosynthetic characteristics，high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles，and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9（CK），respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town，Yuci District，the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage，while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806（CK），the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%，respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length，but positively correlated with ear length，number of grains per ear，100-grain weight，and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30，Dika 159，and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

The leaf chlorophyll content of maize is used to characterize crop growth status，nitrogen nutrition and health status，and is an effective indicator for crop growth evaluation and production potential evaluation. The article summarized the vertical distribution research methods，vertical distribution characteristics，and causes of vertical distribution patterns of maize leaf chlorophyll content in different leaf positions，in order to provide theoretical support for exploring the research methods of maize leaf chlorophyll content vertical distribution.

【Objective】Conduct genetic analysis of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems at the molecular level，to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems.【Methods】The study used 381 different types of maize inbred lines as associated populations and planted randomly in the experimental field of the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province in 2016 and 2017. The nutritional quality traits acid washing fiber（ADF），neutral washing fiber（NDF），and digestibility（IVDMD） were investigated during the heading，filling，and maturity stages. Using the Maize SNP50 gene chip，461 053 high-quality SNPs were obtained for genome-wide association analysis.【Results】Using the generalized linear model（GLM） analysis，a total of 392 significantly correlated stem nutritional quality traits SNPs（P<1.08×10^-7） were detected on 10 chromosomes of maize during different growth stages of the two years，with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.69% -17.34%. 97 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 77 candidate genes associated with stem nutritional quality traits. Using the mixed linear model（MLM）analysis，a total of 257 significantly correlated SNPs were detected over the two years（P<2.17×10^-6），with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.82% -20.20%. 17 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 82 candidate genes. Among them，10 overlap with GLM model candidate genes. A total of 159 candidate association genes were identified by GLM and MLM，among which 43 candidate genes were detected twice or more. Zm00001d021261 was found to be associated with ADF，NDF，and IVDMD in different years 31 times at multiple loci. This gene encoded ATP binding protein and chloroplast sensor kinase，had the highest expression in leaves at maturity stage. Zm00001d021255 was found to be associated with stem nutritional quality traits 10 times at two loci. This gene encoded cysteine rich receptor like protein kinase 25，which was only expressed in developmental internodes and female panicles，can be further studied and validated.【Conclusion】Using GLM and MLM models could quickly and effectively associate significant loci related to maize stem nutrient quality. HC-SNP could be screened through repetitive significant loci，and then associated gene enrichment regions could be excavated.

【Objective】To investigate the release patterns of heavy metals in the soils around tailings in western Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The leaching release characteristics of heavy metals Cu,Zn,As and Pb in the soil around tailings in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia were investigated by leaching experiments. Four treatments,0（CK）,1%,2% and 3% humic acid addition were set up. Heavy metal leaching kinetics experiments were carried out using column leaching apparatus,then fitted with the first order kinetic equation,modified Elovich equation,double constant rate equation and parabolic diffusion equation.【Results】Humic acid addition increased the content of the four heavy metals in the organic bound state in the soil by 0.78%-86.83% compared to CK. The leaching amount of all the four heavy metals were in large quantities when leached for 72 h. Then with the leaching time extended,and the release of heavy metals increased slowly. The cumulative release amount of the four heavy metals was in the order of：Cu>As>Zn>Pb. When 3% humic acid was added to the soil,Cu and As were significantly lower（ P<0.05）than CK by 16.85% and 5.41%. The modified Elovich equation could simulate the release process of heavy metals Cu,As and Pb well. While the double constant rate equation could simulate the release process of heavy metal Zn well.【Conclusion】Humic acid addition could change the occurence form of heavy metals in the soil,reduce the leaching volume of heavy metals and lessen the risk of contamination when heavy metals were transported and transformed.

Corn silk is the dried filaments and stigmas of female flowers of Gramineae plant maize. It contains various functional components such as flavonoids，polysaccharides，saponins，sterols，and organic acids. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine，corn silk is often used to treat diseases such as edema，cystitis，gout，kidney stones，nephritis，and prostatitis. This article reviewed the bioactive components，efficacy，and extraction methods of active ingredients of corn silk，and prospected the basic and applied research on the bioactive components of corn silk，in order to provide references for further in-depth research and related product development in the field.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different microbial agents on potato growth and development and soil nutrients in potato fields,so as to provide a reference for green and sustainable potato planting in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Potato V7 was used as the test material,by setting distilled water（CK）,applying Bacillus sp. 188 bacterial agent（T1）, Pseudomonas sp. BP16 bacterial agent（T2）,and Streptomyces rochei D74 bacterial agent（T3） four treatments to soak the seeds for 30 min. Potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,nutrient accumulation per plant,leaf chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured at different growth stages after potato planting.【Results】After 110 days of potato planting,compared with CK,the yield of potato in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 7.14% and 9.16%（ P<0.05）,the starch content of tubers was significantly increased by 11.84% and 16.38%（ P<0.05）,the dry matter mass of potato roots,stems,leaves,and tubers were significantly increased by 26.87%,16.92%,11.77% and 13.59% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants was significantly increased by 28.86%,32.78% and 30.81% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）. After 70 days of potato planting,the chlorophyll content in potato leaves treated with T3 treatment was the highest [4.29 mg/（g·FW）],and the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves was significantly increased by 15.29% compared to CK（ P<0.05）. After 50 days of potato planting,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in T3 treatment reached its maximum value（42.32 mg/kg）,the available phosphorus content significantly increased by 26.17% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,and the available potassium content in T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 24.95% and 21.65% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,respectively.After 70 days of planting,the soil ammonium nitrogen content in T2 treatment significantly increased by 47.03% compared to CK（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Soaking seeds with Streptomyces rochei D74 microbial can increase potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,at agent tuber formation stage,the leaf chlorophyll content at maturation stage,soil nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available potassium content at early growth stage,soil ammonium nitrogen at agent tuber formation stage. It can be used as a suitable microbial agent for potato cultivation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

【Objective】To elucidate the impacts of tillage methods on the development of saline-alkali farmland and maize growth by examining the growth and development of maize roots under deep ploughing straw returning.【Methods】From 2021 to 2022,two tillage methods,shallow rotation no returning（CK）and deep ploughing straw returning（DPR）,were set up on mild,moderate and severe saline-alkali land. The local main maize varieties DK159 and JSH257 were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,maize root growth status and yield.【Results】Compared with CK,the bulk density in DPR soil decreased,water content increased,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,total N,available P,available K and organic matter content increased significantly（ P<0.05）. The soil total salt content and pH value decreased by 5.48%-48.98% and 1.25%-13.71%,respectively. The root length,root surface area,average root diameter and root volume of DPR maize significantly increased（ P<0.05）. The root indexes improved most in the mild saline-alkali soil,with increases of 62.13%,62.99%,26.46% and 69.67%,respectively. In comparison with the CK,the yield of maize increased by 14.08%-33.61% with the highest increase in moderate saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing straw returning effectively improved soil physical and chemical properties,reduced soil total salt content and pH value. With the decrease of total salt content,maize root length and root volume increased significantly,increasing root surface area,improving the ability of maize plants to utilize soil nutrients,and ultimately increasing yield.

【Objective】The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the BvCENH3 gene in sugar beet aiming to establish an efficient genome editing system.【Methods】Taking sugar beet BvCENH3 gene as the editing target,double candidate targets were selected to construct gene editing vector. Transgenic sugar beet plants were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Next generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify the mutation types and droplet digital PCR was employed to screen low-copy mutant plants.【Results】82 transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained,40 of which were successfully edited,with an editing efficiency of 48.78%. Target 1 was more efficient than target 2. There were five mutation types,including single base substitution（T→G、A→C） and base deletion（TC、TCTC deletion）. 23 low-copy edited plants were selected,with BvCENH3 insertion copy numbers ranging from 1.1 to 1.9.【Conclusion】Successfully edited BvCENH3 in sugar beet with 40 BvCENH3 gene mutants obtained. Preliminary established sugar beet genome editing system,laying theoretical and technical foundations for sugar beet haploid breeding.

【Objective】Clarify the effects of planting densities on the agronomic traits and yield of broad beans,to explore the optimal planting density of broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In 2022 and 2023,using Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 broad beans as experiment materials and randomized block design,five planting densities, D1（90 000 plants/hm ²）,D2（120 000 plants/hm ²）,D3（150 000 plants/hm ²）,D4（180 000 plants/hm ²）,and D5（210 000 plants/hm ²） were set up to analyze the effects of different planting densities on the main agronomic traits,yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans.【Results】The plant height of broad beans had increasing trend with the increase of planting densities,while the total number of branches and effective branch number per plant had decreasing trend. With the increase of planting densities,the main yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans had the trends of first increase and then decrease. The performance of different planting densities were：D4>D3>D5>D2>D1. Under D4 treatment,the yield of Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 were highest at 2 089.74,2 210.66 kg/hm ² in 2022 and 2 152.15,2 249.66 kg/hm ² in 2023,the net income were highest as well at 13 439.76,14 478.16 yuan/hm ² in 2022 and 13 947.97,14 739.54 yuan/hm ² in 2023.【Conclusion】The optimal planting density for broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia was 180 000 plants/hm ². Under this density,the agronomic traits of broad bean performed well,the yield and economic benefits were the best.

【Objective】To clarify potato blackleg disease source of infection in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,and provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures for potato blackleg disease.【Methods】The pathogen isolation,pathogenicity identification,molecular identification and soil survival tests of potato blackleg disease were carried out. Through pot experiment and field experiment,seven treatments were set up to investigate the occurrence of potato blackleg disease in the soil of continuous cropping land,seed potatoes of diseased land and diseased residues,and analyze and verify the differences in incidence rate of different treatments.【Results】The incidence rate of potato blackleg harvested in diseased areas and planted as seed potato over winter was 40.00%. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was isolated from the disease residue buried in soil after overwintering,and the incidence rate was 43.33% in the experiment of planting disease-free potato after the disease residue was planted in the disease-free soil. The incidence rate of disease-free potato was 6.67% in the previous diseased plots. The amount of pathogenic bacteria in unsterilized soil gradually decreased with the extension of time,and no longer survived after two months at normal temperature,and no longer survived after four months at -20 ℃. The results indicated that P. atrosepticum could survive the winter in the disease residual and become the primary infection source in the second year. The pathogenic bacteria in diseased soil were related to the occurrence of disease,but the bacteria free in cultivated soil could only survive for two months at natural temperature.【Conclusion】 The primary infection source of potato blackleg disease in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia is the infected seed potato and the disease residual after winter,and the amount of bacteria carried by the seed potato is an important factor affecting the occurrence of the disease.

【Objective】To explore the effects of salt and drought stress on Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination，and to provide references for the study of artificial cultivation and stress tolerance of Allium mongolicum Regel.【Methods】Taking Allium mongolicum Regel seeds as test material，different concentrations of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ neutral salt mix solution and PEG-6000 solution were used to simulate salt and drought stress. The germination rate，germination potential，germination index and vitality index were tested. The functional equation created by the relative germination rate and each treatment concentration was used to determine the seed tolerance.【Results】Allium mongolicum Regel seeds germination indicators gradually decreased as salt and drought stress increased，and the initial germination time delayed. When the salt concentration was 75 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L，seeds germination time delayed to the day 3 and day 5，respectively，and the germination rate fell to 23.33% and 12.66%，respectively. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 15% and 20%，the seeds germination time delayed to day 3 and day 4，respectively，and germination rate fell to 38.66% and 25.33%，respectively. The salt tolerance and drought resistance semi-lethal osmotic potentials were -0.20 MPa and -3.80 MPa，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance limit osmotic potentials were -0.60 MPa and -7.38 MPa，respectively.【Conclusion】The seeds germination of Allium mongolicum Regel was not significantly suppressed under mild drought stress，with drought tolerance limit osmotic potential of -7.38 MPa. Low-permeability salt solution significantly inhibited Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination，with salt tolerance limit osmotic potential of -0.60 MPa.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of different microbial inoculants on biomass of continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and soil fungal community structure.【Methods】 Four treatments were set up using A. membranaceus var. mongholicus as test material，ETS compound inoculant（ETS），Doveite antibacterial inoculant（DWTK），multifunctional vitamin bacterial inoculant（WSS）and blank control（CK）. The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was measured. And high-throughput sequencing technology was used to examine the fungal community structure in the soil.【Results】The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus above ground tissues and roots was significantly（P<0.05）increased by DWTK treatment，with above ground biomass increased by 17.5% and root biomass increased by 18.4%，compared with CK. The three microbial inoculants clearly improved the soil fungal community. Among them，the number of soil fungi OTU in DWTK treatment was substantially higher than that of CK and WSS treatment，and the fungal groups were more abundant. In comparison to the other three treatments，the DWTK treatment significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Fusarium and increased the abundance of Gibberella.【Conclusion】Doveite antibacterial inoculant effectively improved the structure of rhizosphere fungi community of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus，reduced the number of pathogenic fungi，and increased the number of fungi. It was advantageous to strengthen the continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus disease resistance and boost the biomass.

With the development and improvement of the pesticide residue limit standard system,the pesticide residue detection methods are also improving. High-resolution mass spectrometry technology has recently advanced quickly. Due to its high resolution and high mass accuracy,it is now frequently employed for the analysis of pesticide residues. This paper summarized the development characteristics of high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry technology. Also reviewed the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the detection of pesticide residues in food and the environment in the past five years and prospected the future development trends,in order to serve as references for the further development of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology in the field of pesticide residues.

【Objective】Identify the phenotypic traits of different types of barley germplasm resources，to provide basis for breeding practice.【Methods】The diversity of 8 qualitative traits including seedling habits，leaf posture，plant type，ridge type，awn type，awniness，naked/cover and grain color of 99 barley germplasm resources were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Using descriptive statistics，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis，10 quantitative traits including plant height，growth period，tiller number，main spike length，main spike grain number，main spike grain weight，spike number per plant，grain number per plant，grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed.【Results】 There were abundant variations in the 8 qualitative traits. The variation range of 10 quantitative traits was 9.08%-43.16%，among which the variation coefficient of main spike grain number was the highest，and the variation coefficient of growth period was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01）correlations among multiple traits of the 99 barley germplasm. The germplasm population was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The 15 accessions in theⅠcategory had the characteristics of high stem，long main spike and long growth period. The 56 accessions in the Ⅱ category had the characteristics of low stalk，high spike number per plant，high tiller number and long main spike. The 26 accessions in theⅢcategory had the characteristics of high main spike grain weight，high main spike grain number and low 1 000-grain weight. There were 2 accessions in the Ⅳ category，characterized by high grain number per plant，high grain weight per plant，low 1 000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 72.39%.【Conclusion】 There were abundant genetic variations in 18 phenotypic traits of 99 barley germplasm resources，which could be divided into 4 categories. Breeding selection could be based on group characteristics.

【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City，Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner（CK），quicklime（CaO），organic fertilizer（Organic），and organic fertilizer+quicklime（Organic+CaO）. The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits，dry matter accumulation，yield components，and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021，the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years，respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year，soil conditioner，and their interaction had extremely significant effect（P<0.01） on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher（P<0.05） kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with kernel number per ear （R²=0.614） and kernel number per hectare （R²=0.746）. Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height，ear height，and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index （LAI） increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However，from the yield prospective，when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning，continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of tillage practices，irrigation amount and their interaction on the growth，development and yield of wheat.【Methods】Two factors，tillage practices and irrigation amount were set in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia. Four tillage practices，rotary tillage straw mulching conventional sowing（XG），straw mulching no tillage sowing（MG），traditional tilling（CT）and subsoiling straw mulching（SS），and five irrigation levels，900，1 350，1 800，2 250 and 2 700 m³/hm² were set to determine wheat seedling rate，plant height，leaf area index，yield traits and grain yield. In addition，the interactions between the indexes were analyzed.【Results】With average seedling rate of 96.55%，MG had the highest seedling rate. Except for CT，under XG，MG and SS treatment，wheat plant height at maturity increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount，with the maximum of 93.52，95.67 and 94.00 cm，respectively. The wheat leaf area index was affected by tillage practices，and was significantly（P<0.05）different under different irrigation amount. Under different tillage practices the five irrigation levels had different effect on the growth and development of wheat. The wheat yield under MG treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments（P<0.05），and the maximum yield was 8 152.63 kg/hm² under irrigation amount of 2 700 m³/hm²，followed by the yield of 6 493.55 kg/hm² at irrigation amount of 2 250 m³/hm².【Conclusion】In Chifeng City，straw mulching no tillage sowing along with irrigation of 1 350-2 250 m³/hm² for wheat planting could achieve water conservation and productive yield improvement.

Sea buckthorn is widely planted in the northwest region of China,and its fruit contains abundant phenolic compounds,sugars,vitamins,etc. It has antioxidant and anti-aging,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor,skin health and other effects. As a medicinal and edible plant,sea buckthorn fruit is used in industries such as food,medicine,agriculture,and animal husbandry. The article provides an overview of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn fruit,aiming to lay the foundation for further exploration and utilization of sea buckthorn fruit resources.

【Objective】Mining domestic satellite image data information to rapidly and accurately obtain the types of crop planting structures，to provide references for optimizing agricultural production layout.【Methods】 The random forest algorithm model was used in combination with sample data to analyze the importance of spectral features，vegetation index features，and texture features of the images. The optimal feature combinations based on GF-6 images were acquired by evaluating classification accuracy. The selected features were then used in object-oriented classification research（with smoothness of 0.5 and compactness of 0.3 as parameters and 10 as steps，setting a total of 11 different segmentation scales ranging from 40 to 140），to obtain the spatial distribution of the main crop planting structure in the research area.【Results】The GVI，EVI，Nir，GI，GNDVI，and Green features obtained by feature optimization method could effectively reduce data redundancy in crop classification and improve classification efficiency. Among the 11 segmentation scales set in the research area farmland，the optimal segmentation scale was 100. The segmentation results retained the integrity of the plot and reflected the heterogeneity of different crop types. The classification accuracy based on object-oriented classification method reached 96.2%，with a Kappa coefficient of 0.944，which was 5.3 percentage points higher than pixel based classification accuracy.【Conclusion】Using domestically produced GF-6 images as the data source and employing the feature optimization object-oriented classification method could effectively improve classification accuracy and serve as an effective means for crop planting structure monitoring.

【Objective】To grasp the research progress on crop pests and diseases identification.【Methods】Using the literature on crop pests and diseases identification from Web of Science（WOS） and China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）databases as data sources，statistical analysis and bibliometric methods were used to analyze the research situation in the field of crop pests and diseases identification during 2000 to 2022 from the perspectives of literature publication volume，publication country，publication institution，research scholars，and research hotspots.【Results】2 214 English literature related to crop pests and diseases identification were retrieved. Since 2014，the publication volume increased continuously. The publication volume during 2014 to 2022 accounted for 85.0% of the total publication volume. 2 390 Chinese literature were retrieved，with a steady increase in publication volume from 2000 to 2012. After 2013，despite large fluctuations，there was an overall upward trend.China and the United States accounted for 41.3% of the total publication volume on crop pests and diseases identification research.In terms of collaboration and communication，China had close research collaboration with the United States and some Asian and European countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences（90 publications） had the highest English literature publication volume，while the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center（47 publications）had the highest Chinese literature publication volume.HUANG Wenjiang had significant research results both domestically and internationally（45 publications）. The main international research hotspots in the field of crop pests and diseases identification were the establishment of identification models and data acquisition.Domestic research hotspots underwent a transformation from manual recognition through expert systems to model optimization.【Conclusion】The current research momentum on crop pests and diseases identification domestically and internationally are still strong，with different research focuses.Intentionally，the research systems in model optimization and data acquisition methods are relatively mature. But there are still huge developmental potentials that can be excavated. Domestically，the research on intelligent recognition started relatively late but developed rapidly. In the future，the application of deep learning new algorithms may become a new research hotspot in the field of crop pets and diseases identification.

In response to the urgent demand for mechanization,lightened and simplified cotton production management,as well as the breeding difficulties of collaborative improvement and enhancement of plant architecture,early maturity,yield,fibre quality,and disease resistance for cotton varieties,research on new variety development with the early maturity,high yield,good fibre quality and suitability for mechanization and coordinative cultivation techniques were carried out. Breeding technologies of synchronous improvement of early maturity,density resistance,lodging resistance and suitability for mechanization were established with “two modifications,two increases,and four selections”. Ten elite breeding parent materials were produced. A total of 633 SNP loci associated with 14 traits were determined,including flowering period,Verticillium wilt resistance,boll weight,lint percentage,fibre length,fibre strength and so on. Twenty-six KASP markers with lower cost and higher throughput were developed for breeding selection of fibre quality and Verticillium wilt resistance. Twelve key genes regulating early maturity,fibre quality,adversity resistance and seed germination were discovered. And their expression patterns in different varieties were documented. Using the elite breeding parent materials,breeding techniques,and developed molecular markers,four new varieties including Jinongda 23,Jinongdamian 24,Jinongdamian 25 and Jinongda 36 were bred with early maturity,high yield,good fibre quality and suitability for mechanization. New breakthroughs were made in improving mechanical characteristics such as compact plant architecture,early maturity,concentrated boll opening,and synergistic enhancement with high yield,good fibre quality and disease resistance. Simple,labor saving,and efficient supporting techniques with “one-hole-one-seed machinery sowing,expanding the number of bolls in the population,chemical regulation in whole growing season and pruning-free,and concentrated harvesting in cotton fields” were created for mechanical harvesting. By combining science,enterprises and application,demonstration bases with strong representatives,wide coverage,and strong driving force were established,leading the large-scale production and application of new varieties,with an income increase of 2 700-3 000 yuan per hectare and 60-75 labor saving,significantly reducing costs and increase efficiency.

【Objective】Study the effects of reduced chemical fertilizer application on the growth and fruit quality of facility watermelon,to seek for the optimal fertilization plan.【Methods】Taking Qianli No.4 as the research object,five fertilizer gradient treatments were designed,including conventional fertilization（CK）,10% chemical fertilizer reduction（T1 treatment）,20% chemical fertilizer reduction（T2 treatment）,30% chemical fertilizer reduction（T3 treatment） and 40% chemical fertilizer reduction（T4 treatment）. During the growth period of watermelon,growth indexes such as plant extension days,pollination days,and fruit setting nodes were investigated. After fruit maturation,quality indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit longtitudinal and transverse diameter,peel thickness,and sugar content as well as the yield were measure.【Results】The pollination days of the T3 treatment were 65.67 d,significantly different with CK（ P<0.05）. The edge sugar content of the T1 treatment was 9.40%. With the decrease of chemical fertilizer application,the sugar content of watermelon showed decreasing trend. The central sugar content of T2 treatment decreased significantly（ P<0.05） in comparison with CK. The edge sugar content in T4 decreased to 7.87%,significantly different（ P<0.05） with CK. Compared with CK,reduced chemical fertilizer application decreased the peel thickness of watermelon. T1 treatment had the highest watermelon yield of 39.98 t/hm ² while T4 treatment had the lowest watermelon yield of 33.49 t/hm ². The yield of the different treatment had no significant difference（ P>0.05）. Fertilizer factor was positively correlated with peel thickness and edge sugar content,with correlation coefficients of 0.62 and 0.59,respectively. The higher the fertilizer application rate,the thicker the fruit peel and the higher the edge sugar content.【Conclusion】Without affecting the growth and the fruit quality of watermelon,reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer in the base fertilizer appropriately could achieve the goal of reducing fertilizer while improving efficiency. Taking into account the growth indexes,fruit quality indicators,and yield of watermelon,10% chemical fertilizer reduction（Basal application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 675 kg/hm ²） was optimal.

【Objective】To clarify the research status,hotspots and trends of high quality agricultural development in China.【Methods】From October 30,2017 to April 30,2023,254 Chinese core literature and 46 foreign language literature were retrieved from CNKI database and Web of Science database.The bibliometric method and CiteSpace software were used to analyze research hotspots of high quality agricultural development in China from the aspects of publication trend,keywords frequency and keywords clustering. The research trends were analyzed based on keywords emergent.【Results】From 2017 to 2023,the number of publications in Chinese and foreign languages increased year by year. The gap between the two had a trend of “first expanding and then shrinking”. The keywords with highest frequency in Chinese and foreign language literature were “High quality development”（124 times）and “Performance”（12 times）respectively,while “Agriculture”（0.77）,“System”（0.33）and “Agriculture”（0.33）had the highest centrality,respectively. Eleven keywords clusters were in Chinese literature,including High quality development,High quality agricultural development,and new development concepts etc. Eleven keywords clusters in the foreign language literature included Green total factor productivity,Consumption upgrading,and the EKC model etc. The research hotspots in Chinese literature were the connotation,current situation,evaluation subjects,and influencing factors of high quality agricultural development. There was a consensus on the connotation interpretation and analysis of the current situation,which was that the high quality agricultural development was the development of new developmental concepts for the integration of innovation,coordination,green,openness,and sharing. The level of high quality agricultural development was relatively low,but on the rise,and regional development was unbalanced. The research hotspots for foreign language literature were green total factor productivity,green agricultural development,effects and mechanisms. The results of keywords emergent showed that the focus on digital economy,rural finance,ecological environment and agricultural total factor productivity was increasing year by year.【Conclusion】Research on high quality agricultural development is gradually increasing,focusing on the aspects such as interpretation of connotation,current situation,evaluation subjects,and influencing factors,with consensus conclusions reached in some fields. Exploring the impact of digital economy,rural finance,ecological environment and other factors on high quality agricultural development are the future research trends.

【Objective】To screen soybean varieties with high yield,superior quality and strong resistance suitable for planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】Variety comparison experiment was conducted on 20 soybean varieties provided by the Institute of Hulun Buir Agricultural Science to analyze the yield and quality traits. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate different soybean varieties.【Results】Cluster analysis divided the 20 varieties into three categories. The first category（Mengdou 50,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 49,Dengke No. 1,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 912,Mengdou 57,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 1137,Mengdou 43,and Mengdou 160） comprehensively displayed the characteristics of high yield and high fat content,that was,high yield and superior quality. The second category（Mengdou 53,Mengdou 54,Mengdou 343,Mengdou 46,Mengdou 48,Mengdou 15,Neidou No. 4） had low yield and moderate quality. The third category（Dongnong 690） had high yield and low fat content. Principal component analysis showed that the yield factor and grain factor had contribution rates of 45.298% and 41.496%,respectively. The effective pods per plant,total seeds per plant,yield per plant,plot yield,fat content,and 100-seed weight all had high contribution.【Conclusion】Based on the results of principal component comprehensive evaluation ranking and cluster analysis,combined with comprehensive factors such as variety growth period and resistance,eight soybean varieties with good comprehensive performance were selected,including Mengdou 50,Mengdou 43,Mengdou 1137,Dengke No. 5,Mengdou 42,Mengdou 58,Mengdou 49,and Dengke No. 1. These soybean varieties were suitable for demonstration and promotion planting in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains.

Apple pesticide residues not only compromise food safety，but also seriously endanger public health. Accurate and rapid detection of pesticide residues is an important means to ensure food safety. This paper reviewed the detection methods of pesticide residues in apple in recent years and introduced traditional detection techniques such as gas chromatography，gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，high performance liquid chromatography，and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，as well as rapid detection techniques including surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy，near infrared spectroscopy，electrochemical method，and several new detectable techniques in the application of pesticide residues detection in apple. Also it look forward to the combination of traditional detection techniques and rapid detection techniques to solve the problem in order to provide technical support for the detection of pesticide residues in apple.

【Objective】Understand the heterosis of island-upland hybrid cotton and island-island hybrid cotton,in order to provide theoretical basis for the breeding of mechanical harvesting hybrid long-staple cotton varieties.【Methods】The long fruit branch,zero fruit branch island cotton and early-maturing,high-yield and insect-resistant long fruit branch upland cotton varieties（lines）were used as parents,hybrid cotton combinations of island-upland hybrid cotton and island-island hybrid cotton were made. The plant characters,boll traits and fiber quality of parents and hybrid cotton were compared.【Results】Island-island hybrid cottons had compact plant-type,small bolls,low lint percentage,low sterile seeds rate,and superior fiber quality. The three island-island hybrid cotton had an average fibre length of 36.0 mm,fibre strength of 45.9 cN/tex and micronaire value of 3.5. The island-upland hybrid cotton had loose tower plant-type,big bolls,high lint percentage,and high sterile seeds rate. Among them,the fiber quality of WT114×Xinhai No. 51 and WT117×Xinhai No. 63 met the quality standards of long-staple cotton.【Conclusion】Island-island cotton hybridization could breed super long-staple cotton varieties（lines）. With proper hybridization,the fiber quality of island-upland hybrid cotton varieties（lines）could reach the long-staple cotton standard as well. Island-upland hybrid cotton was suitable for large area mechanical harvesting.

【Objective】To screen naked oat varieties（lines） suitable for cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia and lay a theoretical foundation for the introduction of oat varieties,breeding,demonstration and promotion of new varieties in the area.【Methods】Using 12 newly bred naked oat varieties（lines） in China as experimental material,in single factor randomized block experiments,the growth period,main agronomic traits,yield and quality traits of the different oat varieties（lines） were analyzed.【Results】All of the 12 naked oat varieties（lines） tested could mature normally in the local area. The varieties（lines） with better main agronomic traits were：201229-1-2,Zhangyou No.8,Bayou No.18. Bayou No.18 had better performance in plant height（136.10 cm）,main panicle length（22.03 cm）,grain weight per spike（2.94 g）,tiller number（3.58） and 1000-grain weight（30.14 g）. 201229-1-2 performed better in tiller number（4.20）,spikelet number（35.73） and grain weight per spike（2.06 g）. Zhangyou No.8 had better performance in 1 000-grain weight（30.14 g）. The varieties（lines）with better yield performance were Bayou No.18,201229-1-2 and Baiyan No.16,at 3 250.05,3 330.00 and 3 157.80 kg/hm ²,respectively. The varieties（lines） with better quality traits were Zhangyou No.9（highest protein content at 16.57%）,Jinyan No.18（highest β-glucan content at 5.00%）,Weiduyou No.5（highest starch content at 61.98%）,and 201229-1-2（highest crude fat content and grain bulk density at 5.51% and 709.00 g/L）. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of Bayou No.18,Baiyan No.16,Zhangyou No.8,and 201229-1-2 were higher,with relatively prominent yield traits and nutritional quality traits.【Conclusion】The naked oat varieties（lines） with better comprehensive traits were Bayou No. 18,Baiyan No. 16,Zhangyou No. 8,and 201229-1-2. They were suitable for promotion and cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,with Bayou No. 18 being particularly prominent.

【Objective】Analyze the characteristics of leaf air temperature difference during the critical water demand period of maize to clarify the main climatic factors affecting maize leaf air temperature in semi-arid sandy areas.【Methods】During maize critical water demand period（July-September）,distributed multi-point leaf temperature continuous measurement experiment was carried out in the field in the maize planting area in Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia. The changing characteristics of leaf temperature and leaf air temperature difference indexes during maize critical water demand period were analyzed. The influence degrees of wind speed,air humidity,rainfall,and soil moisture on the leaf air temperature difference were discovered by correlation analysis to reveal the key influencing climatic factors.【Results】As maize grew and the length of drought duration increased,leaf air temperature change during maize critical water demand period gradually became more drastic,daily leaf air temperature difference increased,leaf temperature difference had an overall upward trend. The overall trend of wind speed gradually decreased. The air humidity was consistent with the process of rainfall changes. Soil moisture decreased with the time progress. The effect of wind speed variation on maize leaf air temperature difference was mainly reflected in sunny days. Wind speed variation had negative correlation with maize leaf air temperature and positive correlation of maize leaf temperature. Air humidity was strongly correlated with both leaf air temperature difference and leaf temperature and was not affected by weather conditions. Rainfall made the fluctuation of leaf air temperature difference became smaller and irregular,but the value of leaf air temperature difference became larger. As the 0-80 cm layer soil moisture storage in maize planting plot gradually decreased,the leaf air temperature difference gradually became larger. The impact of climatic factors on maize leaf air temperature difference during maize critical water demand period were wind speed>air humidity>rainfall>soil moisture.【Conclusion】The leaf air temperature difference showed a fluctuating upward trend during the critical water demand period of maize,and was significantly affected by climatic factors. Wind speed and air humidity were the main climatic driving factors leading to the change of maize leaf air temperature difference.

【Objective】Explore the effects of long-term different fertilization modes on potato yield and nutrient absorption in the dry farming area at the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】On the basis of the long-term positioning tests at the National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observation and Experimental Station,using Huasong No.7 as test material,four treatments including no fertilization（CK）,nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilization（NPK）,organic fertilization only（M）,and organic fertilization on top of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization（NPK + M） were set up. The effects of different treatments on soil nutrient contents,potato yield and yield component,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation.【Results】On the 90th day after emergence,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter content of NPK+M treatment increased significantly（ P<0.05） by 206.85%,254.15%,241.86%,and 125.18% compared with CK. Soil pH value significantly decreased（ P<0.05） by 10.81% compared with CK. Potato yield and commercial potato rate significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 126.19% and 17.28% compared with CK. Dry matter accumulation significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 196.92% compared with CK. The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 209.54%,167.74% and 196.13% compared with CK. Potato yield was significantly（ P<0.05） positively correlated with dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and phosphorus accumulation,and extremely significantly（ P<0.01） positively correlated with potassium accumulation.【Conclusion】Adding organic fertilizer on top of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased potato yield and quality,potato had the best nutrient absorption capacity,was the most suitable fertilization mode for potato in the dry farming area at the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.

Microbial fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer product with active microorganisms as the main component，which can improve soil fertility，promote plant growth and development，and enhance plant resistance. This paper summarized the development history of microbial fertilizer domestically and internationally，introduced the effect of microbial fertilizer on soil physical，chemical，and biological properties，as well as plant growth and development，yield，quality and resistance. Additionally，the application prospects were prospected to provide references for the subsequent rational application of microbial fertilizers.

Quinoa has multiple health effects such as antioxidant,anti-cancer,anti-allergy,sugar control,lipid regulation,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,etc.Quinoa is a multi-grain food with full nutrients,high biological activity and multi-health functions,and has a large development space. This paper reviews the protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid,complex vitamins such as vitamin B ₂,vitamin B ₆,and folic acid,minerals such as Mg,Zn,and Fe,and bioactive substances such as polyphenols,flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides in quinoa,and analyzes other functions and development prospects of quinoa. And put forward the scientific and technological research suggestions of quinoa in the big health industry.

【Objective】Clarify the research hotspots and development trends in the field of saline soil improvement domestically and internationally since the 21st century，to provide references for in-depth research on saline soil improvement.【Methods】Using the core collection of Web of Science （WOS） and CNKI databases as search objects，Excel 2007 software for drawing and CiteSpace software for knowledge graph analysis，the relevant literature was quantitatively and visually analyzed from five perspectives：annual publication volume，authors，publication institutions，keywords time co-occurrence analysis，and burst words analysis.【Results】The trend of domestic and international literature publication volume were：from 2003 to 2009 in slow growth stage，from 2010 to 2016 in fluctuating （significant） growth stage，and in rapid growth stage from 2017 to 2023. The main authors were YANG Jinsong，ZHAO Lanpo，YAO Rongjiang，SUN Zhaojun，WANG Quanjiu，KANG Yaohu，WAN Shuqin，QADIR M，GHEYI H R，MURTAZA G，et al. The main research institutions were Chinese Academy of Sciences，Egyptian Knowledge Bank，Indian Council of Agricultural Research，Spanish National Research Council，and U. S. Department of Agriculture. In terms of keywords analysis，the research hotspots were water and salt transport and the regulation mechanism，research on plant salt tolerance，the application of chemical amendments，green reduction of saline-alkali obstruction，and the biological and microbial remediation of saline-alkali obstruction. The main burst words were biochar，wet front，microbial community，plant biostimulant（PBs），plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR），and salt-tolerant soil bacteria.【Conclusion】Currently，domestic and international research on saline soil improvement has entered the stage of rapid development. China and the United States were the global leaders. India and Australia were gradually strengthening their research capabilities. Domestic and international research were mainly focused on soil carbon sequestration，biochar，microbial community，antioxidant enzymes，Phosphate utilization，salt-tolerant soil bacteria，etc.，as well as soil nutrient movement，salt obstruction reduction，chemical amendments，microbial remediation and so on. In the future，salinization driving mechanism，plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria，microbial remediation of saline obstruction，and collaborative monitoring and analysis of big data technology may become research hotspots.

【Objective】To explore the optimal fertilization method and dosage for millet production in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In Harqin Banner，Chifeng City，using Jinmiao K1 as the experimental material，a total of 14 treatment levels of 4 fertilization methods were set up，including nitrogen and potassium topdressing（A），increased potassium fertilizer application（B），partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer（C），and delayed fertilizer application（D）. The yield and yield traits such as fresh weight per plant，dry weight per plant，ear diameter，ear length，single ear weight，and grain weight of millet under different treatments were compared. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the optimal fertilization method and dosage.【Results】The yields of millet under different treatments were 3 745.7-8 236.8 kg/hm² with a coefficient of variation of 20.49%. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with single ear weight，grain weight and ear diameter（P<0.01）. The first two extracted principal components covered 83.074% information of millet yield and yield traits. Comprehensive comparative analysis showed that nitrogen and potassium topdressing was beneficial to yield increase and yield traits improvement of millet. Two better treatments under this fertilization method were application of 375 kg/hm² triple compound fertilizer at seeding time，and watering application of 225.0 kg/hm²（A5） and 112.5 kg/hm²（A2）nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at flowering time.Increased potassium fertilizer application was beneficial to the yield increase of millet，but the performance of yield traits were poor. The optimal treatment under this fertilization method was application of 375 kg/hm² triple compound fertilizer and 225.0 kg/hm² of increased potassium sulfate（B3） at seeding time.Partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer performed well in improving biological yield，but the level of grain yield was low. Under this fertilization method，the best treatment was application of 450 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer and 300 kg/hm² of bacterial fertilizer（C1）. Delayed fertilizer application had poor performance in both millet yield and yield traits.【Conclusion】Under nitrogen and potassium topdressing，applying 375 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer during seeding time，and watering application of 225.0 kg/hm²（A5） and 112.5 kg/hm²（A2） nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at flowering stage，were suitable for promotion and application in millet production in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia. In partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer，applying 450 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer and 300 kg/hm² of bacterial fertilizer（C1） was suitable for millet production with the main goal of harvesting biomass in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】Optimize the extraction process of banana peel polysaccharides and study the antioxidant activities,in order to provide references for the industrial extraction and utilization of banana peel polysaccharides.【Methods】Using the polysaccharides yield as the indicator,the effects of grinding time,solid-liquid ratio,cellulase addition amount,ultrasonic time,ultrasonic temperature on the yield of banana peel polysaccharides were investigated through single factor experiment.Response surface method were used to optimize three factors,solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time,and ultrasonic temperature,to determine the optimal process for ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of banana peel polysaccharide. The antioxidant activities of the extracted banana peel polysaccharides were tested as well.【Results】Under different factor levels,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 4.15% when the grinding time was 60 s. When the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶40（g∶mL）,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.87%. When the cellulase addition amount was 2.5%,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.49%. The yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.72% when the ultrasonic time was 20 min. The yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.97% when ultrasonic temperature was 30 ℃. Under the conditions of 60 s grinding time,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶38（g∶mL）,cellulase addition amount at 2.5%,19 min ultrasonic time,and ultrasonic temperature at 26 ℃,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 6.51%. The scavenging abilities of banana peel polysaccharides on hydroxyl radicals,DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals increased with the increase of banana peel polysaccharides concentration.【Conclusion】Response surface method determined that the optimal conditions for ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of banana peel polysaccharides were：60 s grinding time,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶38（g∶mL）,cellulase addition amount at 2.5%,19 min ultrasonic time,and ultrasonic temperature at 26 ℃. Banana peel polysaccharide had obvious scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals,DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals.

【Objective】Analyzing the heterotic pattern of superior maize breeding lines L239 and L7221 to reveal the genetic resources of superior varieties and to provide reference for maize breeding in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Methods】The genetic diversity of L239 and L7221 in 42 maize inbred lines was analyzed by SSR molecular marker technology to determine the heterosis pattern of maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region.【Results】Analysis of 42 maize inbred lines showed that the allele number of the 56 primers was 2-9，and the polymorphism information content was 0.43-0.86. The genetic distance between L239 and CA375 was shortest at 0.50. The genetic distance between L7221，LX9801 and Nongda 178 were shorter at 0.43 and 0.56，respectively. According to the genetic similarity analysis of 42 maize inbred lines，L7221 mainly belonged to Tangsipingtou group，and L239 mainly had closer relationship with the germplasm resources of the improved Reid group.【Conclusion】L7221 was closer to many inbred lines of Tangsipingtou group，and L239 was closer to many inbred lines of improved Reid group. The L239 and L7221 heterosis pattern was improved Reid group×Tangsipingtou group.

【Objective】To isolate and identify the pathogens of sclerotinia rot in milk thistle planting regions in Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,and to clarify the control effect of different chemical agents on milk thistle sclerotinia rot.【Methods】The milk thistle sclerotinia rot disease samples were collected for pathogen isolation and purification,then verified by Koch′s Postulation,and identified by morphological and molecular biology. Using water as control,40% Dimethachlon WP,“Pulvtong” plant immune protein,450 g/L Prochloraz EW,50% Carbendazim WP as test agents,the control effect of the four agents on milk thistle sclerotinia rot and their effect on yield of milk thistle were analyzed.【Results】A total of 15 strains were isolated and purified. The NCBI Blast results showed that the isolated strains were >99% similar to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib.）de Bary. The four test agents all effectively increased the yield of milk thistle,with the control effect in the range of 32.77%-53.78%,and yield increase rate at 16.31%-37.05%.Spraying 2 999 g/hm ² of “Pulvtong” plant immune protein had the best control effect on sclerotinia rot（control effect at 53.78%） and good yield increase effect（yield increase rate at 16.88%）. Spraying 450 g/L Prochloraz EW had poor control effect（control effect at 32.77%）,but best yield increase effect（yield increase rate at 37.05%）.【Conclusion】The four test agents were all safe to milk thistle.Spraying 2 999 g/hm ² of “Pulvtong” plant immune protein had highest control effect and good yield increase rate,could be used as the preferred agent for the prevention and control of sclerotinia rot in milk thistle planting regions in Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different planting density on production performance and photosynthetic characteristics of Medicago ruthenica L.【Methods】In Shaerqin Township,Tumd Left Banner,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia, Medicago ruthenica（L.） Trautv cv. ‘Keerqinshadi’ as experimental materials were planted in split-plot design. The main plot was different row spacing treatment,with three levels of 100,140 and 180 cm. The sub-plot was different plant spacing treatment,with three levels of 100,80 and 60 cm. The effects of different plant and row spacing on the production characteristics of fresh grass yield,hay yield and seed yield of Medicago ruthenica（L.） Trautv cv. ‘Keerqinshadi’,as well as the photosynthetic characteristics such as net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were analyzed.【Results】Under plant and row spacing of 80 cm×140 cm treatment,the fresh grass yield and hay yield of Medicago ruthenica（L.） Trautv cv.‘Keerqinshadi’ were highest,at 29 375.000 kg/hm ² and 10 784.722 kg/hm ²,respectively. Under plant and row spacing of 80 cm×100 cm treatment,the seed yield of Medicago ruthenica （L.） Trautv cv. ‘Keerqinshadi’ was the highest,at 645.833 kg/hm ². When the plant and row spacing was 80 cm×140 cm,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and light intensity inside the leaf chamber of Medicago ruthenica（L.） Trautv cv. ‘Keerqinshadi’ were highest at 1.356 μmol/（m ²·s）,0.018 mol/（m ²·s）,0.808 mmol/（m ²·s）and 1 201.544 mol/（m ²·s）,respectively.【Conclusion】The suitable plant spacing of Medicago ruthenica （L.） Trautv cv. ‘Keerqinshadi’ in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia was 80 cm,and row spacing in the range of 100-140 cm,and the production performance and photosynthetic characteristics were better under this density.

【Objective】To measure Chinese agricultural carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity,explore the time variation characteristics,analyze the driving factors of agricultural carbon emissions,in order to provide theoretical basis for achieving green,low-carbon and high-quality agricultural development.【Methods】Based on relevant data on agriculture and energy in 29 provinces（autonomous regions and centrally administered municipalities） from 2000 to 2020,combined with IPCC classical carbon emission measurement method,carbon emission measurement system was built around three aspects：agricultural land use,agricultural inputs and livestock and poultry breeding. The driving factors of agricultural carbon emissions were analyzed using the LMDI model.【Results】From 2000 to 2020,Chinese agricultural carbon emissions increased from 27.790 0 million t to 29.409 6 million t,while the agricultural carbon emission intensities decreased from 1.329 t/ten thousand yuan to 0.618 t/ten thousand yuan. From regional perspective,central and eastern were the main regions of Chinese agricultural carbon emissions. The contribution values of agricultural industrial structure,agricultural labor force size and agricultural energy structure to agricultural carbon emissions were -24.284 3 million t,-12.048 6 million t and -10.240 5 million t respectively. While the contribution values of agricultural energy efficiency and agricultural economic level were 37.865 7 million t and 10.327 3 million t respectively.【Conclusion】Chinese agricultural carbon emissions as a whole showed a trend of “rise-fluctuation rise-fluctuation drop”. The total and intensity of agricultural carbon emissions in regions with high levels of economic development had high reduction rate. The main regions of agricultural carbon emissions were concentrated in the central and eastern regions. Agricultural industrial structure,agricultural labor force size,and the agricultural energy structure played positive roles in achieving agricultural carbon emission reduction,while agricultural energy efficiency and agricultural economic level promoted agricultural carbon emissions to a certain extent.

【Objective】To establish a multiplex RT-PCR system for simultaneous detection and identification of 5 viruses/virus groups in garlic field plants and tissue cultured plantlets.【Methods】Based on relevant literature and the reference virus sequences registered in GenBank,5 sets of specific primers were designed for Shallot latent virus（ShLV）,Garlic common latent virus（GarCLV）,Leek yellow stripe virus（LYSV）,Onion yellow dwarf virus（OYDV）,and allexiviruses,with amplicon size of 592,431,338,265,and 190 bp,respectively. Using the established multiplex RT-PCR method,virus detection and analysis were conducted on 24 garlic tissue cultured plantlets and 48 field samples.【Results】The specificity of the detection system was verified by single/multiplex PCR and sequence alignment. By adjusting the annealing temperature and primer ratio,the optimal amplification effect was achieved at 56.6 ℃ annealing temperature and the primer volume ratio of ShLV,GarCLV,LYSV,OYDV,and allexiviruses at 10∶8∶3∶3∶16. All 5 viruses/virus groups had a minimum detection concentration of 1.0×10 ² copies/μL. The virus detection results of garlic tissue cultured plantlets were rich in diversity. The field samples were infected with at least 2 viruses/virus groups,and the viruses/virus groups could be clearly distinguished.【Conclusion】The developed multiplex RT-PCR system quickly and effectively detected and differentiated the infection status of the five viruses/virus groups in garlic,including ShLV,GarCLV,LYSV,OYDV,and allexiviruses.

【Objective】The effects of leaf litter leachate of four arbors, Sophora japonica, Salix babylonica, Ulmus pumila,and Betula platyphylla on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat were studied to provide references for the rational allocation of resources in wheat growth process.【Methods】Using wheat variety Shannong 28 as acceptor material,five treatments of distilled water（CK）, Sophora japonica leaf litter leachate（A1）, Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate（A2）, Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate（A3）,and Betula platyphylla leaf litter leachate（A4） were set up in the indoor pot experiment. The plant height,root length,ground diameter,leaf chlorophyll content,peroxidase（POD） activity and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity were measured on the 55th and 100th day after seeding.【Results】On the 55th and 100th day,the wheat plant height under Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 14.11% and 8.31% compared with CK. Wheat root length under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased by 9.65% and 10.14% compared with CK（ P<0.05）. All the four leaf litter leachate treatments significantly decreased（ P<0.05） wheat ground diameter. On the 55th day,wheat leaf chlorophyll content under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 11.90% compared with CK. On the 100th day,wheat leaf chlorophyll content under Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 7.03% compared with CK. On the 55th and 100th day,wheat leaf POD activity under Betula platyphylla leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 0.88% and 3.22% compared with CK,wheat leaf SOD activity under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 13.78% and 9.68% compared with CK. At 55 d and 100 d growth,wheat was most sensitive to the allelopathy of Salix babylonica and Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment.【Conclusion】The leaf litter leachate of Salix babylonia and Ulmus pumila had strong allelopathic effects on wheat growth,promoted the secretion of specific metabolites of wheat,and changed the surrounding micro ecological environment.

【Objective】Study the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang,to provide references for promoting green development of agriculture and rural areas and achieving the“dual carbon”goals in the region.【Methods】Using 19 types of carbon sources from plantation,livestock and agricultural energy end-consumption as raw data,the agricultural carbon emissions and carbon emission intensities of Xinjiang from 2007 to 2021 were measured. Using 15 types of carbon sources from plantation and livestock as raw data,the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensities of fourteen prefectures（cities） in Xinjiang in 2010,2015,and 2020 were measured. The driving factors were analyzed by the LMDI（logarithmic mean divisia index） model. The grey prediction model was used to predict the trend of agricultural carbon emissions development in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2030.【Results】During 2007 to 2021,Xinjiang agricultural carbon emissions had the overall trend of“steady-increasing-decreasing-increasing”,while carbon emission intensities had the overall trend of “decreasing-increasing-decreasing”. In 2010,2015 and 2020,Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture had the highest total carbon emissions,Karamay had the lowest total carbon emissions,Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture had the highest carbon emission intensities. Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture had the lowest carbon emission intensities in 2010. Turpan had the lowest carbon emission intensities in 2015 and 2020. The impacts of driving factors on agricultural carbon emissions were：agricultural economic level effect > agricultural structure effect > agricultural population scale effect > agricultural production efficiency. From 2022 to 2030,the agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang were predicted to have an increasing trend while the intensities have a decreasing trend.【Conclusion】From 2007 to 2021,the total agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang showed an overall upward trend,while the agricultural carbon emission intensity showed an overall downward trend. Agricultural economic level effect promoted the increase of agricultural carbon emissions,while agricultural structure effect,agricultural population scale effect,and agricultural production efficiency restrained the increase of agricultural carbon emissions. It was predicted that from 2022 to 2030,the agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang will increase year by year,while the agricultural carbon emission intensities will decrease year by year. Xinjiang agricultural carbon reduction and fixation has enormous potential.

【Objective】In order to investigate the effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soybean growth and development in Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia and the economic benefits,and provided a reference for soybean water and fertilizer management in this area.【Methods】The experiment will be carried out in the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulun Buir City from 2022 to 2023. Mengdou No. 48 was used as the test material,and three fertilization treatments were set up,conventional fertilization（CK）,increased application organic fertilizer（OF）,and increased application of microbial fertilizer（MF）,respectively. The experiment analyzed soybean growth traits,leaf SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield factor indexes,and calculated economic benefits,and calculated synergism and efficiency increase.【Results】The plant height,number of main stem nodes and effective branching number of soybean treated with OM were significantly higher than those treated with CK（ P<0.05）,and the bottom pod height of soybean treated with OM and MF was significantly lower than that treated with CK（ P<0.05）. The changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf SPAD value of soybean increased gradually with the progression of growth stage,and the performance was OM>MF>CK.Dry matter accumulation at podding stage,drumming stage and maturity stage was significantly higher under OM treatment than CK（ P<0.05）. The leaf SPAD value of OM treatment was significantly higher than CK at flowering stage,podding stage and druming stage（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the number of pod per plant,grain weight per plant,100-grain weight and effective plant number of soybean in OM and MF treatment were significantly higher than those in CK（ P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference between OM and MF treatment（ P>0.05）. Soybean yield has a extremely significant positive correlation with number of pod per plant,number of seeds per plant,grain weight per plant and effective plant number（ P<0.01）. Soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with whole growth period,plant height,number of main stem nodes,dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value and 100-grain weight（ P<0.05）. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with bottom pod height（ P<0.05）. In the past two years,the soybean yield under OM treatment increased by 625.70 kg/hm ² and 599.60 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 21.20% and 19.30%,respectively.In addition,MF treatment increased production by 375.80 kg/hm ² and 237.10 kg/hm ² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 10.40% and 3.80%,respectively.【Conclusion】In Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia,the best fertilizer mode for increasing soybean yield and efficiency was to apply organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer.

【Objective】Screening shade-tolerant soybean varieties（lines） suitable for maize-soybean intercropping planting mode in northern Jiangsu,and constructing an accurate and reasonable soybean shade tolerance evaluation system.【Methods】The natural shade environment created by maize-soybean intercropping in northern Jiangsu was used as the treatment,and the clear seed was used as the control. 12 agronomic traits such as plant height,pod height,and branch number of 24 soybean varieties（lines） were measured at maturity stage. Principal component analysis,membership function method,and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to construct shade tolerance coefficients and evaluate the comprehensive shade tolerance of each soybean variety（lines） under intercropping mode.【Results】Index of shade tolerance coefficient of 12 agronomic traits were transformed into 4 independent comprehensive indexes,representing 74.771% of the original data information. The results of comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation value（ D） and cluster analysis showed that 24 soybean varieties（lines） could be divided into 3 categories according to their adaptability under shade stress,including strong shade-tolerant（six varieties/lines）,moderate shade-tolerant（nine varieties/lines）and weak shade-tolerant（nine varieties/lines）. The regression equation of shade tolerance was constructed by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis： D=-1.158+0.062 X ₂+0.249 X ₅+0.201 X ₇+1.002 X ₁₀+0.665 X ₁₁（ R ²=0.972 2）,and the fitting accuracy was more than 89.14%. Five shade tolerance identification indexes of pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100-seed weight and yield were selected.【Conclusion】According to the shade tolerance ability,the 24 soybean varieties（lines） were divided into three categories：strong shade-tolerant,moderate shade-tolerant and weak shade tolerant. Under the maize-soybean intercropping model in northern Jiangsu,five traits,including pod height,number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,100 grain weight,and yield,can be selected for comprehensive evaluation of soybean shade tolerance. Under the maize-soybean intercropping mode in northern Jiangsu,five traits,including pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100 seed weight,and yield,could be selected to comprehensively evaluate the shade tolerance ability of soybean.

【Objective】To explore the spatial characteristics,source,and development trend of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shandong Province.【Methods】Inventory analysis and output coefficient method were used to calculate the total emission of chemical oxygen demand（COD）,total nitrogen（TN）,and total phosphorus（TP）,equivalent standard emission,emission intensity per unit area,emission per 10 000 yuan output value of agricultural non-point source pollution from different sources in Shandong Province and various cities from 2000 to 2020.【Results】From 2000 to 2020,the equivalent standard emission of agricultural non-point source pollution decreased by 29.43% in Shandong Province. The average annual contribution rates of equivalent standard emission of TN and TP were 51.48% and 38.70%,respectively,with contribution rates of the two over 90%. Livestock and poultry breeding was the main agricultural non-point source pollution in Shandong Province with TN and TP contribution rates over 60%. The emission per 10 000 yuan output value had decreasing trend. Emission intensity per unit area was high in the west and low in the east. Weifang and Linyi were the high pollution areas. Dezhou,Heze and Liaocheng were the relatively high pollution areas. The average contribution rate of intra-regional differences in the Theil index of agricultural non-point source pollution was 97.8%,and the average inter-regional rate was 2.2%.【Conclusion】The overall trend of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shandong Province was decreasing,but the extensive management characteristics of agricultural production were still prominent. The pollutant with the highest contribution rate was TN. Livestock and poultry breeding was the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shandong Province. Difference in emission intensity per unit area between the eastern and the western regions was predominant. The areas with high agricultural non-point source pollution emissions were mainly distributed in the central and western regions with developed agriculture and dense population. The regional differences of agricultural non-point source pollution in the province were gradually narrowing. And the contribution of intra-regional differences was much greater than that of inter-regional differences.

【Objective】To detect virus diseases of tomato and pepper in the primary protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia,in order to identify the current dominant viral species,distribution,and infection status,as well as to assess the severity and prevalence of several significant virus diseases.【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022,tomato and pepper suspected virus disease samples were collected from the main protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia including Chifeng City,Hohhot City and Baotou City. RT-PCR was used to identify the pathogens.【Results】A total of 327 virus infected samples were collected and 15 viruses were detected,including 12 in Chifeng City,8 in Hohhot City,and 7 in Baotou City.