Chickpeas have high nutritional value and are the third most important bean crop in the world.Chickpea distribution range,nutritional value and medicinal value are reviewed in this paper.Previous research undertaken on chickpeas is introduced,current problems and the development of countermeasures are described,and the future development of chickpeas in China is considered.The review provides a reference for research chickpeas.

Millet has the value of diet therapy and medicinal use.This paper gives an overview of the nutritional components such as protein,fat,starch,dietary fiber,vitamins,minerals and the bioactive substances such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,yellow pigments,sterols in millet,and analyzes the special nutritional components,functions and development and application of millet,with the aim providing reference for better mining the comprehensive value of millet and utilizing millet resources.

portulaca oleracea is a wild plant.as medicine,purslane has hypoglycemic、diabetes、protection of blood vessels、diabetes control、antitumor、antiaging、beauty-disweight and antibacterial activity;as food,it has higher nutritionation,it can be made of variety of food products.Therefore,portulaca oleracea is considered drugs-food resource of food-processing and the most promising one of OrganicFoods in the 21st century by nutritionists.This article focused on the nutrition-healthar functions and productdeveloper of portulaca oleracea.

Hippeastrum vittatum is a kind of Perennial herb.It has varieties and beautiful flower,which can be widely applied in indoor or garden,and also be a gift for holidays.Amaryllis is very popular in Europe,Japan and Russia etc.Because of that,Amaryllis has broad development prospects.However,There are few extensively research in production and application of Amaryllis in china.In the article,it describes the physiological characteristics and varieties firstly,and Amaryllis cultures to introduce the propagation methods,cultivation techniques and their application in landscape architecture.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,also known as yam,is a traditional medicinal and edible crop. Chinese yam polysaccharides are the main active substances in yam,which have effects such as lowering blood sugar,regulating immunity,antioxidation,and anti-tumor. The article summarizes the extraction methods of Chinese yam polysaccharides,discusses the biological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides,and its research was prospected. In order to provide reference for promoting the production and application of Chinese yam polysaccharides.

Phytoplasma is a kind of single-celled prokaryotes parceled by biofilm,without cell wall and similar to plant pathogenic bacteria. Its host include plants and insects. Phytoplasma has highly transmission and has a widely action range,which can cause systemic diseases in various plants and leading to abnormal growth and development,and even death. The article provides an overview of the characteristics,transmission pathway,distribution,and disease symptoms of phytoplasma,summarizes the prevention and control methods of phytoplasma,and looks forward to its future research focus,aiming to provide reference for ensuring the healthy development of agriculture.

LED light source is an energy conservation and environmental protection artificial light source that been used widely in plant production.Compared with natural cultivation under the natural light,artificial light increases extra expense.Therefore,it is of great importance to boost yield and quality to optimize the efficiency of LED light source.This text is to summarize research results for the past few years and knows the effect of quality of LED,the light intensity,and photoperiod on the growth and development of strawberry.In conclusion,the combination of yellow,red and blue light is the most optimal,which can increase the output and quality of fruits.What＇s more,the ratio of yellow,red and blue light is respectively 3∶2∶1,which is the nearest spectrum that the plants need to photosynthesize.It provides theoretical basis for designing personalized strawberry lamps of an energy conservation and environmental protection.

【Objective】To establish an efficient extraction method for solanine from potato peel,explore the application value and prospect of potato peel in plant-derived pesticides,and provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive utilization of solanine as a plant-derived pesticide.【Methods】Potato peel was used as the experimental material. Ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method,acid enzyme solution extraction method,ultrasound-assisted extraction method,and acid water extraction method,four extraction methods for main component of solanine were compared and optimized. Single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken experimental design from response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction methods. The ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was optimized for solanine extraction.【Results】 Among the four extraction methods,the extraction efficiency from high to low was ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method > acid enzyme solution extraction method > ultrasound-assisted extraction method > acid water extraction method. Among them,the content of solanine extract by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was the highest,with α-chaconine at 8.949 mg/g DW and α-solanine at 8.058 mg/g DW,the extraction rate reached 0.850%. Based on the response surface analysis,the optimized regression equation model was established（ Y _{Total content}=2.64-0.56× A-0.31× B+0.20× C+0.19× AB-0.11× AC+0.53× BC-0.74× A ²-0.59× B ²-0.50× C ²）. With the maximum total content as the optimization objective,the optimal conditions were predicted to be enzyme amount at 1.30%,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1.35 h,and ethanol volume fraction of 70.40%. Under these conditions,the actual total content of solanine extract was 3.149 mg/g DW,the difference with the predicted total content of 2.814 mg/g DW was within 5%,confirming a good correlation between the predicted value and experimental values.【Conclusion】The method of extracting solanine from potato peel by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was established for the first time.The optimal extraction method obtained by response surface analysis optimization is reasonable,and the extraction efficiency of this method is higher,which can be used for industrial extraction of solanine.

Thin-shell Carya cathayensis was a deciduous tree belonging to Juglandaceae Carya,which was an excellent landscaping tree species. The paper introduced the current situation of introduction and breeding of thin-shell Carya cathayensis,and the characteristics of six main cultivated varieties：Pawnee,Mahan,Caddo,Wichita,Shoshoni and Jinhua.Three asexual propagation techniques of thin-shell Carya cathayensis including grafting,tissue culture and cutting were reviewed,and the existing problems were analyzed in the research. At the same time,the future research direction of thin-shell Carya cathayensis was prospected in order to provide basis for seedling production and related research of the plant.

【Objective】 Analyze the international trade situation of China′s agricultural products before and after the Sino-US trade friction and the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the international trade of China′s agricultural products,so as to provide references for the long-term stable development of China′s agriculture.【Methods】 Based on the data of China′s agricultural trade volume with the United States,China′s agricultural trade volume,and China′s import volume and transaction volume of major agricultural products from the United States published by the Ministry of Commerce,statistical analysis and literature research methods were used to analyze the situation and structure of international trade import and export of China′s agricultural products.【Results】 Sino-US trade friction had a huge impact on China′s agricultural international trade. On the one hand,China′s imports of major agricultural products in the United States have dropped from 32 855 600 tons of soybeans in 2017 to 16 943 600 tons in 2019,and wheat imports from 1 549 100 tons in 2017 decreased to 361 400 tons in 2018;China′s import transaction volume with the United States dropped from 31.741 billion US dollars in 2017 to 20.523 billion US dollars in 2019. The Sino-US trade friction has posed a certain threat to China′s food security and agricultural market stability;on the other hand,Sino-US trade frictions have prompted China to adjust its foreign trade structure and accelerate the diversified development of agricultural trade.【Conclusion】 By improving the import and export structure of international agricultural products trade,reducing its trade dependence on the United States,developing the EU and Southeast Asian markets,actively exploring new international trade markets and adopting a diversified market structure,China can improve the competitiveness of its own agricultural products while ensuring food security.

Anthocyanin, belonging to the plant polyphenols, is widely distributed in the nature and has strong free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity. Some recent studies have demonstrated that black rice anthocyanin is a kind of safe, non-toxic and natural edible pigment, and has many physiological functions, such as hypoglycemic, anti-oxidant,anti-allergic, anti-aging, and anti-tumor efficacy. Accordingly, anthocyanin is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics production and many other fields. This article expounds the biological activities of anthocyanin in Red Kernel Color, in hoping to provide valuable information for its further studies and applications.

【Objective】To screen for high-yield and high-quality new peanut varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】With 19 newly introduced Huayu series of peanut varieties as the test materials,major agronomic trait were investigated,and yield traits,quality traits were determined. Variability,correlation,gray correlation degree and cluster analysis were performed for all tested varieties.【Results】The main stem height,lateral branch length,number of pod branch,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield of the tested varieties（ P<0.05）,the correlation coefficients were 0.518,0.509,0.508,0.646 and 0.649,respectively. The top 5 rank of grey correlation degree were main stem height>lateral branch length>100-pod weight>number of pod branch>100-kernel weight. In the cluster analysis,the overall traits of the class I were better,the main stem height,lateral branch length,total number of branch,number of pod branch,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight,single plant productivity and yield were higher than those of the other three classes.【Conclusion】The main stem height,lateral branch length,100-pod weight,number of pod branch,100-kernel weight have a great influence on peanut yield,and can be used as reference indicators for peanut introduction screening and high-yield breeding.

【Objective】To identify and analyze the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase（CRK） gene family members of Gossypium hirsutum,and provide genetic resources and theoretical basis for cotton Verticillium wilt resistance breeding.【Methods】According to the results of whole genome sequencing,the GhCRK gene family in the Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 genome was identified using bioinformatics methodologies,analyses were conducted on protein physicochemical properties,chromosomal localization and genetic evolution. Furthermore,gene expression data were employed to potential Verticillium wilt resistance genes,and the resistance function of candidate gene was assessed through virus induced gene silencing（VIGS） technology.【Results】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Nongdamian 8 harbored a total of fifty GhCRKs,distributed across fourteen chromosomes. These length of the encoded protein was 390 to 1 774 amino acid residues,resulting in diverse molecular weights spanning from 43.15 kDa to 196.66 kDa,the average isoelectric point was observed at 6.94. The majority of GhCRKs were predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Protein domain analysis showed that 90 % of GhCRKs（45） contained two Stress-antifung domains. The promoter regions of GhCRKs encompassed seven cis-acting elements relating to responsiveness to plant hormones,including methyl jasmonate,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,et al. Fourteen GhCRKs exhibited up regulation expression in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. Following the silencing of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33, Gossypium hirsutum exhibited exacerbated symptoms of Verticillium wilt and a significantly higher disease index.【Conclusion】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 contains a substantial number of CRKs,among which 14 hold potential as significant candidate genes for Verticillium wilt resistance. Additionally,the role of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33 in Verticillium wilt resistance has been further elucidated.

【Objective】The differences in quality traits among sweet potato varieties（lines）were investigated. Sweet potato varieties（lines）with high quality traits were selected for subsequent breeding and processing.【Methods】The freeze-drying rate,starch,soluble sugar and protein content,as well as other quality indexes of 16 sweet potato varieties（lines）were assessed. The main strach quality traits were compared. The taste of baked sweet potato was evaluated.【Results】ZH1042 had the highest freeze-drying rate and starch content. ZZ1-358 had the highest soluble sugar content and protein content. Zheshu 20 had the highest total amylase activity and α-amylase activity. QZ2-2 had the highest β-amylase activity. The purity of starch extracted from Quzi No.9,Jinshu 67,ZH1042 and Z329 was higher than the other varieties（lines）. The starch extracted from F2-93 and Z329 had high proportion of the small particles,while ZH1042 had high proportion of the large particles. Jinshu 67 had the highest viscosity and starch disintegration value. In the correlation analysis,the starch content in sweet potato was extremely significantly negatively correlated with soluble sugar content and protein content（ P<0.01）. The highest viscosity was extremely significantly positively correlated with hot paste viscosity,disintegration value,and final viscosity（ P<0.01）. The hot paste viscosity was extremely significantly positively correlated with final viscosity（ P<0.01）. The disintegration value was extremely significantly negatively correlated with gelatinization temperature（ P<0.01）. The starch content of 16 sweet potato varieties（lines）was divided into four categories：more than 74%,69%-73%,60%-68% and less than 60%,respectively,according to cluster analysis.【Conclusion】Among the 16 sweet potato varieties（lines）,Jinshu 67,ZZ1-358 and ZH1042 had excellent quality traits,and had a certain comprehensive utilization value.

Based on protein purification process often use of three kinds of methods,namely gel chromatography,ion exchange chromatography filterChromatography and affinity chromatography this three kinds of chromatography method,the principle of the major media and operating procedures are reviewed.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） priming treatments on the seeds germination and seedling growth of sugar beet,aiming to provide reference for the screening of sugar beet seed initiators.【Methods】Using the domestically bred sugar beet variety NT39106 as the experimental material,GA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L）,MT（50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L） and SA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L） priming treatments were applied for 8 h,with untreated seeds as the control（CK）. Seeds germination and seedling growth parameters of sugar beet were analyzed for each treatment.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sugar beet seeds under different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） treatments were significantly higher than those of the CK（ P<0.05）. With the increase of the concentration of the three initiators,the promoting effects on sugar beet seed germination exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Among them,the treatment with 100 mg/L GA demonstrated the best results,and the germination potential and germination rate were up to 91.00% and 93.67%,respectively,followed by the SA treatment,both surpassing the MT treatment. Compared with CK,different concentrations of GA,MT（except for the 300 μmol/L treatment） and SA treatments markedly increased the average bud length and fresh weight of sugar beet seedlings,particularly with the 100 mg/L GA treatment,which resulted in average bud length and fresh weight of 5.43 cm and 0.37 g/10 plants,respectively.【Conclusion】Priming sugar beet seeds with 100 mg/L gibberellin（GA）resulted in better germination performance and remarkably promoted seedling growth.

【Objective】To clarify the influence of pesticide types and residues on Xinjiang pepper,and explore the types and risk levels of pesticide residues in Xinjiang pepper.【Methods】52 samples from 9 counties（cities） in Xinjiang in 2023 were taken as research objects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect pesticides residues in peppers. Acute and chronic dietary intake risk analysis were conducted to evaluate the level of harm of detected pesticide residues to pepper quality and safety.【Results】A total of 29 kinds of residual pesticides were detected in 52 samples,including 4 kinds of restricted and prohibited pesticides.The chronic dietary intake risk（%ADI） value of all pesticide residues was 0.000 000 01%-0.001 425 60%,and the acute dietary intake risk（%ARfD） value was 0.007 613 333%-19.820 044 440%,which was much lower than 100%. It indicated that the chronic and acute dietary risks of pesticide residues were extremely low and at a safe level. According to the analysis of the pesticide residue risk index,there were no high-risk samples among the 52 samples,only 4 medium risk samples,and the rest of the samples were at low risk level or below.【Conclusion】The overall risk of pesticide residue in Xinjiang pepper is relatively low,and the quality and safety situation is generally good,but it is still necessary to strengthen the standardized use and control of pesticides in the future.

【Objective】To explore the changes in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and mirobial community under continuous cropping of spinach.【Methods】The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of spinach planted for 1 year （1Y） and continuously planted for 2 years（2Y） were measured,and the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using PacBio full-length diversity sequencing. The changes in bacterial and fungal microbial communities in the 2Y and 1Y soils were compared,and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities was studied using redundancy analysis.【Results】Highly significant changes in soil physicochemical properties after continuous cropping（ P<0.05）,and the pH value and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,organic matter,and microbial biomass carbon were significantly higher in the 2Y soil than in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）,the electrical conductivity and the contents of total potassium,available potassium,and nitrate nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）. The redundancy analysis showed that the total potassium was the main factor influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial communities under spinach continuous cropping. The microbial community of the 2Y soil Chao1 index,Richness index,Shannon index,and ACE index were higher than those of 1Y soil. Among which pathogen related to carbon and nitrogen cycle,cellulose degradation,pesticides and plastic degradation and Fusarium associated pathogen content increased significantly in 2Y soil（ P<0.05）,while the content of Lysobacter biocontrol bacteria with antagonistic activity was significantly decreased（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil of spinach under 2Y continuous planting showed significant changes in physicochemical properties,with an increase of pathogen content and a decrease of biocontrol bacteria content.

Grafting is an efficient technology that can be used to create disease resistance and increase yield,and can help solve problems associated with continuous cropping in agriculture.Grafted seedlings can not only overcome soil-borne disease problems,but also improve stress resistance of seedlings.This paper introduces three kinds of grafting rootstocks,describes five grafting methods and operation practices,discusses the role and application of hormones in raising grafted seedlings,and describes the development and present situation of mechanized grafted seedling raising technology.The application and popularization of cucumber grafting technology in China is reviewed.

【Objective】Study the relevant nutrients of tomato sensory quality evaluation to establish a simple model for the determination of tomato sensory quality.【Methods】19 tomato varieties were tested for 8 nutrients，and 5 sensory evaluation indexes were investigated by questionnaires. Correlation analysis，principal component analysis （PCA） and regression analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】Except zinc，7 of the 8 nutrients had correlation coefficients greater than 0.300 with sensory quality. The correlation coefficients between soluble solid and score，vote，taste，aroma intensity，pulp texture，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes were greater than 0.400，and the correlations were stable and prominent. Soluble sugar was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with score，vote，taste and aroma intensity in large tomatoes，while the correlation were not obvious in cherry tomatoes. Water content was negatively correlated with score，vote，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes. Principal component analysis summarized the 11 evaluation indicators into 3 principal components，with an accumulated variance contribution rate of 74.939%. A simple model was obtained through multivariate linear regression analysis：tomato sensory quality predicted score =93.039-0.304 × vitamin C content -0.179 × lycopene content -0.621 × iron content +2.314 × soluble solid content -1.585 × titratable acid content.【Conclusion】A rapid，simple and quantitative determination model of tomato sensory quality based on nutrients was established.

Haploid technique is a new approach for breeding, combined biotechnology and conventional breeding technology. Obtainment, identification and duplication of haploid, etc, have been introduced in this paper. It will reduce breeding period by haploid technique and improve breeding efficiency. Haploid technique has wide application prospects in corn breeding.

Pomegranate can be eaten fresh,ornamental,and has high medicinal value,its seed is soft edible,more juicy and easy to swallow.The introduction,cultivars,tissue culture,molecular biology and cultivation techniques of soft-seed pomegranate were reviewed in this paper,and provides the research and development direction of soft-seed pomegranate in the future.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on potato yield in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,providing a reference for potato cultivation in this region.【Methods】Five treatments were established,application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer（NPK）,NPK+liquid fertilizer（NPK+LM）,NPK+granular fertilizer（NPK+GM）,NPK+sheep dung fertilizer（NPK+SM）,and NPK+bio-organic fertilizer（NPK+BM）. The impact of these treatments on potato yield and its components,growth indicators,nutrient uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants,soil water use efficiency,and nutrient content in the plow layer soil were analyzed.【Results】The NPK+BM treatment resulted in the highest potato yield,commercial tuber yield,number of commercial tubers,individual tuber weight,and commercial tuber rate,which were 30.83 t/hm ²,20.34 t/hm ²,84 700 tubers/hm ²,162.86 g/tuber,and 65.96%,respectively;during the tuber bulking stage,the plant height and leaf area index of potatoes were the highest,at 82.89 cm and 8.06,respectively,showing significant differences compared to the NPK treatment（ P<0.05）;at harvest stage,the dry matter accumulation in the stems,leaves,and tubers of potatoes were the highest,at 75.51,67.36,and 145.81 g/plant,respectively;at harvest stage,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by plants,at 296.83,36.09,and 285.92 kg/hm ²,respectively. The NPK+LM treatment had the highest water use efficiency,at 128.95 kg/（hm ²·mm）,followed by the NPK+BM treatment,at 113.87 kg/（hm ²·mm）. The NPK+BM treatment had the highest soil fast-acting potassium content of 137.33 mg/kg,and higher soil effective phosphorus,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and organic matter content of 25.53 mg/kg,88.68 mg/kg,and 22.95 g/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The NPK+bio-organic fertilizer treatment can effectively promote the growth and development of potatoes,and enhance nutrient uptake efficiency,increase yield,playing a positive role in maintaining soil health. It can be considered a more suitable combination of organic fertilizers to partially replace chemical fertilizers in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】Clarify the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality and screen for excellent varieties of taste type tomatoes，to provide references for constructing quality evaluation systems of taste type tomatoes.【Methods】Using 17 taste type tomato varieties as experiment materials，10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality were tested. Factor analysis，stepwise regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to screen for the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality. The quality of taste type tomatoes were then comprehensively evaluated.【Results】The variation of aromatic substance content was the largest among the 10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality，with a variation coefficient of 66.49%. With a variation coefficient of 9.56%，the variation of fruit vertical diameter was the smallest. The comprehensive quality analysis of the 10 indexes obtained 3 common factors，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.267%. The explanatory indexes were fruit soluble solids content，reducing sugar content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content，sugar-acid ratio and titratable acid content. According to the correlation between indexes，and the principle of easy to use and avoiding information overlap，four indexes of fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio were selected as the representative indexes to evaluate the quality traits of taste type tomatoes. Using common factor scores and variance contribution rates，the comprehensive quality ranking of the varieties were calculated，and 7 high-quality taste type tomato varieties were selected.【Conclusion】Fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio could be used as representative indexes to evaluate taste type tomatoes. The quality traits of Hangfengaotang，700，1933，Meidai，2001，Tianlian and Jingfan No.1 were better.

【Objective】 To explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of chemical fertilizer application in China，and to ensure the green and high-quality development of agriculture.【Methods】Based on the relevant data of the national chemical fertilizer and planting structure from 2000 to 2020，the driving variables for chemical fertilizer application were broken down，and the impact of each component on chemical fertilizer application was calculated. Using the panel data of 27 Chinese provinces（except Beijing，Tianjin，Shanghai，Tibet，Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan）from 2009 to 2020，an econometric model was built，control relevant variables to analyze the influence of economic development level，planting structure，industrial structure and technical factors on chemical fertilizer application rate. The robustness of the regression results and the cross effects among the factors were verified.【Results】The main driving factor for the decline of chemical fertilizer application in China was planting structure. The impact of fertilizer intensity on chemical fertilizer application rate has been noticeably reduced since the implementation of the chemical fertilizer zero growth action. Economic development level and industrial structure promoted chemical fertilizer application，while technical factors and planting structure inhibited chemical fertilizer application. After taking into account any potential endogenous issues，the regression results remained stable，and there was clear complementarity and substitution between technical factors and other factors.【Conclusion】Chemical fertilizer application rate could be further reduced by improving industrial and planting structures as well as agricultural technologies.

Saline-alkali land is an important reserve cultivated land resource in China. The development and utilization of saline-alkali cultivated land has important practical significance for meeting population and food needs of as well as agriculture long-term sustainablility. Straw returning can improve soil structure and fertility,improve the quality of cultivated land,and reduce the salt accumulation in topsoil,making it an effective measure for improving saline-alkali soil. This paper summarized the current state of domestic straw returning technology,explained the principle and application of straw returning technology to improve saline-alkali soil,and discussed the effects of improvement on saline-alkali soil from the aspects of soil physical properties,chemical properties,biological characteristics and crop yield. The impact of improved saline-alkali straw returning technology application foreground was prospected.

The primary nutritional components of Zophobas atratus Fab. were determined by the modern analysis technique.The results showed the content of moisture of pupa was higher than the larva and adult and the content of crude fat of the larva was higher than that of pupa and adult. The content of crude protein was very high and significant different between insect state.The fatty acid content was rich,it insect contained 3 kinds of essential fatty acids to human,the unsaturated fatty acid and must fatty acids content was rich,the content of it was higher than 60% and 20%,especially the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid was high;the amino acid content was rich,it contained 7 kinds of essential amino acid to human,the first limiting amino acid of protein was the amino acid containing sulfur Met ＋Cys and the essential amino acid soccupied43.59%、44.90%、44.68%、42.53%、42.27% of the total amino acids,more than the FAO/WHO recommend protein mode.

A lot of biological molecules are inside the cell, and they must be released from it. This is achieved by cell disruption .The paper Cell disruption of mechanical and non-mechanical technique and application were summarized. Features and problems of these techniques were discussed. In the end, the development of ultrasonic cell disruption technique was forecasted.

One of the most important organs in plants is the root system. To maximize crop output potential,cultivating a healthy root system is critical. The growth,development,and configuration of maize root system have been studied extensively by researchers in China and overseas. This paper summarized the research results of maize root system characteristics,important factors affecting root system growth,root system configuration research methods,and main factors affecting root system configuration,based on the research progress of maize root system and its configuration,in order to provide a reference for future maize root system research.

【Objective】To investigate the pre-harvest sprouting resistance and genetic composition of Ping′an series wheat varieties（lines）.【Methods】The pre-harvest sprouting characteristics of 14 Ping′an series varieties（lines） were analyzed by whole ear germination method,and the sources of pre-harvest sprouting resistance genes were detected by molecular markers of 5 anti pre-harvest sprouting genes.【Results】Among the 14 varieties（lines）,the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of Ping′an No. 11 was 0.19,reached the level of resistance;the relative pre-harvest sprouting indexes of Ping′an 658 and Ping′an 701 were 0.35 and 0.37,respectively,reached the level of moderately resistance. The results of molecular marker detection of anti pre-harvest sprouting genes showed that the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of haplotype composed of three loci （-222、+646、+666） of TaPHS1 gene was CGAC<TGAC<TGAT<TATT from low to high,and Ping′an No. 11 contained the best haplotype of TaPHS1 gene of anti pre-harvest sprouting,7 wheat varieties（lines） including Ping′an 901 contained anti pre-harvest sprouting gene TaVp1 B3,4 wheat varieties including Ping′an 12 contain anti pre-harvest sprouting gene PM19 A-1,all 14 wheat varieties（lines） contain neither of anti pre-harvest sprouting gene Dorm-1 or Tamyb10- D.【Conclusion】Ping′an No. 11 is the only variety with hap-CGAC resistant to pre-harvest sprouting,which can be used in cultivating new varieties of anti pre-harvest sprouting wheat and discovering new anti pre-harvest sprouting gene.

Dwarfing-sterile wheat is a Taigu genic male-sterile wheat with dwarf marker.According to the characteristics of the wheat and the principle of recurrent selection,to establish 4 return selection colony of high yield,high quality,diease-resistant,early-maturing,and keep on selecting and breeding the high yield and the high quality wheat.

【Objective】To clarify the phylogenetic relationship and diversity of Morchella esculents germplasm resources,and to provide reference for the selection and breeding of new varieties adapted to the cultivation in the western region of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】8 Morchella esculents strains（A3,Zhao′erliu,Yangguifei,Jinqiu,DY008,A Lu,001 and Neishilin）were used as experimental materials,ISSR molecular marker technology was used to perform cluster analysis and genetic diversity comparison on 8 strains of Morchella esculents.【Results】Eight Morchella esculents strains were detected by PCR using 100 ISSR primers,12 ISSR primers were selected,and 76 DNA bands were amplified. There were 59 effective bands,and the polymorphism ratio was 75.83%. The gene diversity index （ H） was 0.206 6,and Shannon′s information index（ I） was 0.330 0. The maximal variation of genetic distance was 1.072 6. When the GS value was about 0.38,the strains were divided into 5 groups.【Conclusion】There was significant genetic variability among the tested Morchella esculents strains.

In order to investigate the micro-climate characteristics in sunlight greenhouse of Hohhot in winter and to rationally regulate the micro-climate in sunlight greenhouse for local vegetable production,the meteorological elements of sunlight greenhouse with thick wall in winter were determined by micro-climate automatic monitoring equipment.Furthermore,the variations of air temperature,soil temperature in 10 cm, relative humidity and other micro-climate characteristics under different weather conditions（in sunny,partly cloudy and cloudy days） were analyzed,respectively,and comparative analysis on the variations of inside and outside air temperature were conducted based on the data collected by meteorological observation station in the same period.The results showed that in the sunlight greenhouse,the air temperature submits were all single waves under different weather conditions, with the highest temperature in 14：00 and the lowest temperature between 8：00 and9：00.The soil temperature in 10 cm submits were all single waves and the highest temperature emerged between 14：00 and15：00.The relative humidity submits were all opposite single waves,and the lowest value emerged in 14：00.It is indicated that the air temperature inside of sunlight greenhouse with thick wall in winter is obviously higher than that outside the sunlight greenhouse.Under different weather conditions,diurnal variations of meteorological elements inside of sunlight greenhouse were closed related to and consistent with the time of quilt opened and covered,and the same element had similar trend in diurnal variations in different days.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw on the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soil.【Methods】Taking pepper straw as test materials,a field experiment was performed on the four treatments：non-straw returning（CK）,in-situ straw returning（C1）,in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent（C2）,and in-situ straw returning+lime-nitrogen（C3）. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to conduct 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing of soil bacteria and fungi.【Results】All the three in-situ straw returning methods significantly reduced the soil available phosphorus content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased the soil pH value（ P<0.05）. C1 and C2 treatments significantly reduced soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. C1 treatment significantly increased soil total phosphorus,and available potassium content（ P<0.05）. C2 treatment significantly reduced soil available potassium content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased soil organic matter content（ P<0.05）. C3 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium, organic matter content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. The dominant bacterial genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Sphingomonas,S0134_terrestrial_group, Longimicrobiaceae,and C3 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Longimicrobiaceae（ P<0.05）. The dominant fungal genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Mortierella, Conocybe, Chaetomium, Myriococcum, Clitopilus, Panaeolus and Humicola. C1 treatment increased the relative abundance of Chaetomium, Myriococcum and Clitopilus,and decreased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Conocybe and Humicola. C2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Chaetomium and Panaeolus,and reduced the relative abundance of Conocybe, Myriococcum and Humicola. C3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Conocybe, Chaetomium and reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella, Myriococcum and Humicola.【Conclusion】Different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw affected soil microbial community structure and physicochemical properties to varying degrees. The effects of in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent and in-situ straw returning +lime-nitrogen treatment were better than that of direct in-situ straw returning treatment.

【Objective】To screen fresh tomato varieties suitable for planting in Ordos，Inner Mongolia，and to provide reference for the establishment of a sensory quality evaluation system for tomato fruit.【Methods】The five sensory quality indices of the 19 fresh tomato varieties（10 cherry tomato varieties and 9 large tomato varieties）introduced to Ordos in 2022 were evaluated using the questionnaire survey combined with comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A questionnaire survey on the taste of tomatoes was conducted at the same time to confirm the rationality of the evaluation index and weight.【Results】The sensory quality evaluation scores of 10 cherry tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，Kiwi tomato，Mizhu No. 3，Qianxi，Hanghuangying No. 1，Hangcaiying No. 1，Hangfenying No. 6，Zicaixia tomato. The sensory quality evaluation scores of 9 large tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，Provence，Milumifen，Xiutailang，Youshi No. 3，Tianmi 199，Antares. The reason for desirable flavor was “moderate sweet and sour”. The reason for undesirable taste was “thick skin”.【Conclusion】Cherry tomato Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，and Kiwi tomato，large tomato Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，and Provence had better sensory quality and were recommended for promotion. The sensory quality evaluation index and weight settings were relatively reasonable.

【Objective】Identify the age of Gobio huanghensis,analyze its growth characteristics,to enrich the biological research data of Gobio huanghensis in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.【Methods】 Gobio huanghensis samples were collected in 7 stations located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Gansu Province. Otoliths were used as age identification materials. Four models,Von Bertalanffy growth formula（VBGF）,Logistic growth formula（Logistic GF）,Gompertz growth formula（Gompertz GF）,and Power exponential growth formula（Power exponential GF）were selected to simulate the body length growth of Gobio huanghensis. The model parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. And the fitting effects of the models were evaluated by calculating the AIC values to determine the optimal growth model for Gobio huanghensis.【Results】A total of 550 Gobio huanghensis samples were collected,and divided into 5 age groups of 1 to 5 years of age. Among them the 2-year age group had the highest number of 351 samples. Body length ranged from 2.60 to 17.41 cm. Body weight ranged from 0.18 to 99.39 g. For the Gobio huanghensis simulating results of the 4 models,Gomportz GF growth model had the lowest AIC value（4.99）and the best simulating effect,followed by Logistic GF（14.58）,and VBGF（16.29）growth model,while Power exponential GF growth model had the highest AIC value（82.42）and the worst simulating effect. The Gobio huanghensis Gomportz GF growth model was described as： L_t=18.81×exp{-exp[-0.66×（ t_i-1.73）]}.【Conclusion】Gompertz GF growth model was the most suitable growth model for Gobio huanghensis in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.

The ＂standard deviation＂ and ＂standard error of means＂ are indexes denoting degree of data being variable in Statistics for Agriculture Experiment.In order to prevent from causing confusion,we accurately described and distinguished from the meaning,characteristic,formula of calculation and symbolization etc.and further defined the scope of ＂standard deviation＂ and ＂standard error of means＂.

【Objective】To understand the current situation of garden plant resources and application in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City.【Methods】A survey of 10 artificial plant communities in park green spaces of Yuzhou district,Yulin City were conducted. The species resources and application of garden plants were statistically analyzed.【Results】There were 76 families,177 genera,and 261 species of garden plants in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City,including 1 fern,8 gymnosperms and 252 angiosperms （consisting of 169 dicotyledonous plants and 83 monocotyledonous plants）. The dominant garden plant families were Palmae,Moraceae,Bambusoideae,Euphorbiaceae,Myrtaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. There were 105,84,4,and 68 species of trees,shrubs,woody climber,and herbs. Woody plants were mainly evergreen plants,and herbaceous plants were mainly perennial plants. A total of 19 hydrophytes and phreatophytes were found. There were 177,147,83,22,and 23 species of ornamental flower,foliage, fruit,stem,and aromatic plants,respectively.【Conclusion】The garden plant species in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City were abundant. The dominant families of garden plants were mainly plants with tropical and subtropical origins. Evergreen trees were widely used. Garden plants were mainly ornamental flower,foliage and fruit plants.

Catalytic antibody（also known as abzyme） is a kind of immunoglobulin with catalytic.Because it has high selectivity and amazing diversity as antibodies and highly catalytic as enzymes,it is anticipated that using abzyme preparation technology one can obtain any kind of tailor-made biocatalysts,including those not occurred in nature,for various kinds of practical application.Thus,abzyme study has an important value in theory and practice for biology,chemistry and research are summarized with a special emphasis on the breadth and scope of new antibody-catalyzed reactions and novel hapten design strategies.The advances of catalytic antibodies research are summarized with abzymes structure,of nature and their preparings,a method to produce and the filtering method,enzymology character and the latest progresses in catalytic antibodies.

The glycyrrhizin acid content is affected vulnerable by many factors in cultivation of licorice,this paper analyzes the many factors that affect the licorice quality,in order to pay very attention on the factors in production of licorice and to ensure cultivation of licorice to the standards prescribed by the Pharmacopoeia.