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A review of the development of maize root system and its configuration research
LIANG Yinlong, CHEN Liyi, WU Hanyan, YANG Yuxuan, WANG Xiaoyu, CHENG Yujia, ZHANG Yu
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 59-65.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.08
Abstract594)      PDF(pc) (774KB)(248)       Save
One of the most important organs in plants is the root system. To maximize crop output potential,cultivating a healthy root system is critical. The growth,development,and configuration of maize root system have been studied extensively by researchers in China and overseas. This paper summarized the research results of maize root system characteristics,important factors affecting root system growth,root system configuration research methods,and main factors affecting root system configuration,based on the research progress of maize root system and its configuration,in order to provide a reference for future maize root system research.
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Research progress and application of avenanthramide
TANG Yaru, WANG Liwei, AN Jianghong, HE Jiangfeng, LIU Yongbin
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (6): 37-50.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.06.05
Abstract122)      PDF(pc) (1689KB)(192)       Save
Oats exhibit a wealth of carbohydrates,soluble dietary fiber,proteins,lipids,phenolic compounds,alkaloids,vitamins,and minerals. Among these,avenanthramide are compounds exclusively found in oats. This paper primarily reviewed the research progress related to nomenclature,classification,extraction methods,synthesis,content enhancement,structure-activity and antioxidant activity,as well as the bioavailability,and physiological activity of avenanthramide. It prospected the functional value of avenanthramide in food health and clinical medicine,as well as the optimization of chemical synthesis processes,aiming to offer insights for the development and utilization of avenanthramide.
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Survey and analysis of garden plants in park green spaces
XIE Tengxiao, TANG Shibin, HUANG Ting, LI Jianling
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (6): 80-88.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.06.09
Abstract108)      PDF(pc) (895KB)(170)       Save
【Objective】To understand the current situation of garden plant resources and application in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City.【Methods】A survey of 10 artificial plant communities in park green spaces of Yuzhou district,Yulin City were conducted. The species resources and application of garden plants were statistically analyzed.【Results】There were 76 families,177 genera,and 261 species of garden plants in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City,including 1 fern,8 gymnosperms and 252 angiosperms (consisting of 169 dicotyledonous plants and 83 monocotyledonous plants). The dominant garden plant families were Palmae,Moraceae,Bambusoideae,Euphorbiaceae,Myrtaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. There were 105,84,4,and 68 species of trees,shrubs,woody climber,and herbs. Woody plants were mainly evergreen plants,and herbaceous plants were mainly perennial plants. A total of 19 hydrophytes and phreatophytes were found. There were 177,147,83,22,and 23 species of ornamental flower,foliage, fruit,stem,and aromatic plants,respectively.【Conclusion】The garden plant species in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City were abundant. The dominant families of garden plants were mainly plants with tropical and subtropical origins. Evergreen trees were widely used. Garden plants were mainly ornamental flower,foliage and fruit plants.
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Analysis of yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province
ZHAO Li, HE Xianfang, DENG Cheng, WANG Jianlai
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (3): 1-11.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.03.01
Abstract864)      PDF(pc) (1105KB)(128)       Save
【Objective】To quantitatively analyze the yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province and clarify the space for increasing yield and improving utilization efficiency of resource of wheat following rice.【Methods】Four cultivation patterns:super high yield(SH),high yield and high efficiency(HH),farmer pattern(FP)and inherent soil productivity(ISP)and three difference levels:first-level yield gap(FP-ISP),second-level yield gap(HH-FP),and third-level yield gap(SH-HH) were set up in wheat following rice areas along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of over-wintering stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage,filling stage and maturity stage were determined and the effective ear number,kernels per ear,1 000-grain weight and economic coefficient,as well as yield were measured at maturity stage.【Results】Along the Huai River,between Yangtze River and Huai River,and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,the first-level yield gap(FP-ISP) of wheat following rice was the largest,with an average of 3 009.6 kg/hm 2. The second-level yield gap and the third-level yield gap were 768.5 and 758.0 kg/hm 2,respectively. Yield gaps varied among different wheat following rice planting regions,with the first-level yield gap decreased gradually from north to south,the second-level yield gap increased slightly from north to south,and the third-level yield gap in the north slightly higher than that of the south. The yield gap of the different levels varied greatly among different years. The effective measures to narrow the first-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number,kernels per ear,biological yield,economic coefficient and leaf area index in jointing stage.The effective measures to narrow the second-level yield gap were the enhancement of kernels per ear,biological yield and dry matter in anthesis stage. The effective measures to narrow the third-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number and economic coefficient. Sink number,sink volume,leaf area index in over-wintering stage and jointing stage and dry matter accumulation after flowering were extremely significantly positive correlated( P<0.01) with the yield of wheat following rice. Nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,light and accumulative temperature utilization efficiency increased with the improvement of yield.【Conclusion】Increasing grain sink number,expanding sink capacity and improving grain sink quality were the effective means to narrow the yield gap and increase yield of wheat following rice in Anhui Province.
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Evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia
SHI Haibo, LIANG Hongwei, ZHANG Jing, YANG Jingyuan, HAN Ping′an, LIU Zhixiong, FENG Yong, SU Erhu, ZHANG Laihou, ZHAO Ruixia
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2024, 52 (2): 1-14.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.01
Abstract2672)      PDF(pc) (1269KB)(121)       Save
【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content( P<0.01). The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest( P<0.01),and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature( P<0.01). The regression equation of grain dehydration rate ( y) with basic moisture content ( x 1) and daily average temperature ( x 2) was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732 x 1+0.025 422 x 2, R 2=0.419 2, P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage( P<0.01),but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage( P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height( P>0.05). The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.
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Multidimensional spectral characteristics analysis of land cover based on time series hyperspectral remote sensing data—Taking the reclamation area of Alar City,Xinjiang as an example
LU Jirui, CHEN Wanji, ZHAO Yang, ZHANG Renfeng
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (2): 116-125.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.02.14
Abstract94)      PDF(pc) (1992KB)(89)       Save
【Objective】To provide convenience for the identification,monitoring and precise extraction of large-scale crops in the region by analyzing the spectral characteristics of major crops in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Based on the remote sensing data of Zhuhai No.1 hyperspectral satellite,the spectral characteristics of land cover in reclamation area of Alar City,southern Xinjiang were analyzed. Two dimensional(wavelength-reflectance) spectral spatial models and three dimensional(phase-wavelength-reflectance) spectral spatial models were constructed by extracting information from analyzed end-member spectrum features,then analyzed the spectral characteristics of crops such as cotton and corn in the reclamation area from April to October.【Results】Based on the spectral curve characteristics of the same region at different times,the growth cycles of crops planted in the farmland of the reclamation area including the slow seedling stage,peak stage,and fruiting stage were determined. By calculating the mean value of land cover spectral curve,the average spectral curve was constructed to reflect its overall reflectance characteristics in a specific period of time. The overall reflectance of cotton was higher than that of corn and jujube trees. The absorption capacity of rice was noticeably stronger in the infrared band range. The spectral curves of sandy land and water body tend to be smooth and stable. Based on time,the maximum spectral reflectance curve could highlight the characteristics of crops,with cotton having higher reflectance,corn having lower reflectance,and rice having relatively stable reflectance. The spectral reflectance profile curves at a single time point during the vegetation growth cycle all followed the characteristics of vegetation spectral curves,with visible light range being valleys and peaks appearing in the near-infrared range. Major crops such as cotton,jujube,corn,and rice had similar overall spectral surface trends in the three dimensional spectral spatial model. The overall reflectance of sandy land and water body was not high,mostly concentrated below 25%,and their spectral reflectance curves had their own characteristics.【Conclusion】In different growth stages of crops in the reclamation area of Alar City in southern Xinjiang,the reflectance of different wavelengths was different. In the slow seedling stage,the light absorption capacity of visible light band was weak,and the reflectance was high. During the peak stage of vegetation,the light absorption capacity in the visible light band was relatively strong,and the reflectance was relatively low. Sandy land had relatively constant reflectance compared with that of crops. The overall variation range of water body reflectance was not large and the value was not high.
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Research progress on the protoplast fusion technique in edible mushroom
LI Yajiao, SUN Guoqin, GUO Jiufeng, WANG Haiyan, YU Chuanzong, PANG Jie
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2021, 49 (6): 121-127.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.06.16
Abstract321)      PDF(pc) (778KB)(88)       Save
In the genetic breeding of edible mushroom,protoplast fusion technology offers a lot of potential. It breaks through barriers across species,genera,and even families,allowing for the fusion and creation of new strains. It′s crucial for improving current edible mushrooms strains,developing new strains,and domesticating rare wild edible mushrooms. This paper reviewed current research progress in the influencing factors of protoplast preparation and regeneration,fusion methods,fusant identification methods and breeding of edible mushroom,in order to provide ideas and method basis for the genetic breeding of edible mushroom.
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Research progress of maize dwarf genes and their regulatory mechanisms
TANG Lan, WU Yuanqi
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (5): 23-30.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.05.02
Abstract960)   HTML7)    PDF(pc) (853KB)(86)       Save

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization,lodging resistance,harvest index,etc. By altering cell division and elongation,phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes,modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones(GA3,IAA,BR),in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

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Analysis on changes in photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages
XIE Rui, DONG Qi, REN Yongfeng, HOU Zhihui, MU Zongjie, ZHANG Xiangqian, LU Zhanyuan, ZHAO Xiaoqing
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2021, 49 (6): 51-57.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.06.06
Abstract166)      PDF(pc) (867KB)(80)       Save
【Objective】To investigate the photosynthetic characteristics changes in leaves at different growth stages of Cyperus esculentus and to elucidate the photosynthetic physiological mechanisms as well.【Methods】At the five leaf stage(L 5),ten leaf stage(L 10),and fifteen leaf stage(L 15) of Cyperus esculentus,the diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate( Pn),intercellular CO 2 concentration( Ci),stomatal conductance( Gs),transpiration rate( Tr),and light response curves of leaves were measured. A non-rectangular hyperbolic model was used to mimic the measured light response curves.【Results】The net photosynthetic rate of L 5 and L 10 leaves had a double peak trend,while L 15 leaves had a single peak. The daily mean of net photosynthetic rate comparison in the three growth stages was L 10>L 15>L 5,with values of 11.858,10.750,and 8.654 μmol/(m 2·s)respectively. L 5,L 10,and L 15 had almost identical variation trends in intercellular CO 2 concentrations,with a “V” trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The minimum value appeared between 11:00 and 13:00. The stomatal conductance of L 5 showed a single peak trend with peak at 11:00 and a value of 0.478 mol/(m 2·s). L 10 and L 15 showed a double peak trend. The diurnal change of L 5,L 10,and L 15 transpiration rates had a single peak trend. The highest daily average value was L 10,and the minimum was L 5,with values of 3.218 and 2.048 mmol/(m 2·s),respectively. In terms of simulation parameters,the maximum net photosynthetic rate of L 10 was the highest[21.616 μmol/(m 2·s)],which was 5.03% and 6.96% higher than that of L 5 and L 15 respectively. The maximum light saturation point of L 10 was 534.121 μmol/(m 2·s),and the maximum light compensation point of L 5 was 60.359 μmol /(m 2·s).【Conclusion】The overall photosynthetic performance of L 10 was stronger than that of L 5 and L 15,and L 10 had the highest utilization efficiency of strong light,while L 5 had better utilization efficiency of light energy than L 10 and L 15 under low light conditions.
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Analysis on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,and yield of different spring maize varieties in dryland
ZHAO Li, FAN Mingyuan, XIE Guangming, LU Jingying, ZHANG Qi, SUN Xiaojing, GUO Hongxia, DENG Yan, WANG Chuangyun
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 11-19.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.02
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【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021,four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town,Shouyang County and Dongyang Town,Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design,the agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town,Shouyang County,Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits,strong photosynthetic characteristics,high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles,and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9(CK),respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town,Yuci District,the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage,while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806(CK),the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%,respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length,but positively correlated with ear length,number of grains per ear,100-grain weight,and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30,Dika 159,and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

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Effects of different nutrient solution concentration on seedling growth and its medicinal components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge
WANG Xian, CUI Shimao, SONG Yang, PAN Lu, GUO Huaihuai
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 44-51.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.06
Abstract176)      PDF(pc) (1350KB)(74)       Save
【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different nutrient solution concentration on Astragalus mongholicus Bunge seedling growth and its medicinal components in order to provide reference for nutrient solution seedling raising of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge.【Methods】 Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were grown on four nutrient solutions,garden soil(CK),standard concentration Hoagland and Aron general nutrient solution(Y1),half of the standard concentration Hoagland and Aron general nutrient solution(Y2),and 1/3 of standard concentration Hoagland and Aron general nutrient solution(Y3). The growth morphological indicators,physiological indexes,and medicinal components of the plants were analyzed.【Results】Y1 treatment improved the plant height,main root length,branch number,stem diameter,basal part of stem diameter,and main root diameter of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge seedlings when compared to other treatments. Compare with the CK,Y1 treatment significantly( P<0.05)increased the chlorophyll content and root activity in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge seedlings, significantly ( P<0.05) decreased the content of free amino acids in roots,and significantly ( P<0.05) increased the content of total flavonoids in seedling roots 70 to 77 days after emergence,as well as the total polysaccharides in seedling roots 49 to 77 days after emergence.【Conclusion】Raising Astragalus mongholicus Bunge seedlings in Hoagland and Aron general nutrient solution at a standard concentration boosted seedling growth as well as total flavonoids and polysaccharide accumulation.
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Effects of different grazing and fertilization modes on Ca,Fe and Zn contents in leaves of Leymus chinensis in mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensis grassland
YAN Chunxia, ZHAO Man, LI Hao, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Xiaoyan, QI Zhi
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (4): 83-95.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.04.12
Abstract201)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (4263KB)(64)       Save

【Objective】To investigate a more sensible grazing and fertilization mode in mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensisgrassland and to serve as a guide for raising the quality of the forage.【Methods】In a random block design,the plant height,leaf fresh weight and leaf Ca,Fe,and Zn content were measured under various grazing conditions including different grazing intensity[no grazing(CK),light grazing,medium grazing,and heavy grazing],different grazing modes[no grazing(CK),cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,mixed grazing of cattle and sheep],as well as different fertilization modes[no fertilizer(CK),NPK compound fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,ammonium nitrate].【Results】Heavy grazing increased the Fe content of Leymus chinensis leaves by 76% compared with CK(P<0.05). Cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,mixed grazing of cattle and sheep increased the Fe content in Leymus chinensis leaves by 36%,174%,and 164% compared with CK(P<0.05). The Ca,Fe,and Zn content in Leymus chinensis leaves were unaffected by light or medium grazing,application of NPK compound fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,or ammonium nitrate. In comparison with CK,applying 75,150,225 kg/hm2 NPK compound fertilizer and 1 500 kg/hm2 humic acid,the plant height of Leymus chinensis rose by 10.0%,22.1%,28.5%,and 13.0%,respectively. When 150 and 225 kg/hm2 NPK compound fertilizer were applied,the fresh weight of Leymus chinensis rose by 35.0% and 63.0%,respectively(P<0.05). The application of 75 kg/hm2 of NPK compound fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm2 of humic acid and in comparison with CK had no significant impact on the fresh weight of Leymus chinensis(P>0.05). The application of varying concentrations of ammonium nitrate had no significant effect on Leymus chinensis plant height and fresh weight(P>0.05).【Conclusion】For mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensis grassland heavy grazing,cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,and mixed grazing of cattle and sheep all encouraged the accumulation of Fe content in the leaves of Leymus chinensisand improved the feeding quality of Leymus chinensis. Applying NPK compound fertilizer and humic acid boosted the increase in plant height and fresh weight of Leymus chinensis.

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Research progress on maize leaf chlorophyll content vertical distribution in different leaf positions
PAN Lijie, ZHANG Baolin, LI Ruixin, NIU Panting, GUO Jianpeng, Siqin′gaowa , HE Meiling
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 28-37.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.04
Abstract154)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1110KB)(62)       Save

The leaf chlorophyll content of maize is used to characterize crop growth status,nitrogen nutrition and health status,and is an effective indicator for crop growth evaluation and production potential evaluation. The article summarized the vertical distribution research methods,vertical distribution characteristics,and causes of vertical distribution patterns of maize leaf chlorophyll content in different leaf positions,in order to provide theoretical support for exploring the research methods of maize leaf chlorophyll content vertical distribution.

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Genome-wide association analysis for maize stem nutritional quality traits and candidate gene selection
WANG Bangtai, YANG Meili, GUO Hua, WANG Jing, WANG Zhihong, LU Hongwei, CHENG Jianmei, QIN Guiwen, CHEN Jiafa
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (5): 1-22.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.05.01
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【Objective】Conduct genetic analysis of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems at the molecular level,to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems.【Methods】The study used 381 different types of maize inbred lines as associated populations and planted randomly in the experimental field of the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province in 2016 and 2017. The nutritional quality traits acid washing fiber(ADF),neutral washing fiber(NDF),and digestibility(IVDMD) were investigated during the heading,filling,and maturity stages. Using the Maize SNP50 gene chip,461 053 high-quality SNPs were obtained for genome-wide association analysis.【Results】Using the generalized linear model(GLM) analysis,a total of 392 significantly correlated stem nutritional quality traits SNPs(P<1.08×10-7) were detected on 10 chromosomes of maize during different growth stages of the two years,with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.69% -17.34%. 97 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice,resulting in a total of 77 candidate genes associated with stem nutritional quality traits. Using the mixed linear model(MLM)analysis,a total of 257 significantly correlated SNPs were detected over the two years(P<2.17×10-6),with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.82% -20.20%. 17 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice,resulting in a total of 82 candidate genes. Among them,10 overlap with GLM model candidate genes. A total of 159 candidate association genes were identified by GLM and MLM,among which 43 candidate genes were detected twice or more. Zm00001d021261 was found to be associated with ADF,NDF,and IVDMD in different years 31 times at multiple loci. This gene encoded ATP binding protein and chloroplast sensor kinase,had the highest expression in leaves at maturity stage. Zm00001d021255 was found to be associated with stem nutritional quality traits 10 times at two loci. This gene encoded cysteine rich receptor like protein kinase 25,which was only expressed in developmental internodes and female panicles,can be further studied and validated.【Conclusion】Using GLM and MLM models could quickly and effectively associate significant loci related to maize stem nutrient quality. HC-SNP could be screened through repetitive significant loci,and then associated gene enrichment regions could be excavated.

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Effect of the humic acid addition on the release characteristics of heavy metals in soil
CHEN Chen, Hongmei, SHI Hepin, LAN Tian, XIE Shicheng, ZHOU Ruixia
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (3): 12-21.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.03.02
Abstract151)      PDF(pc) (1368KB)(60)       Save
【Objective】To investigate the release patterns of heavy metals in the soils around tailings in western Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The leaching release characteristics of heavy metals Cu,Zn,As and Pb in the soil around tailings in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia were investigated by leaching experiments. Four treatments,0(CK),1%,2% and 3% humic acid addition were set up. Heavy metal leaching kinetics experiments were carried out using column leaching apparatus,then fitted with the first order kinetic equation,modified Elovich equation,double constant rate equation and parabolic diffusion equation.【Results】Humic acid addition increased the content of the four heavy metals in the organic bound state in the soil by 0.78%-86.83% compared to CK. The leaching amount of all the four heavy metals were in large quantities when leached for 72 h. Then with the leaching time extended,and the release of heavy metals increased slowly. The cumulative release amount of the four heavy metals was in the order of:Cu>As>Zn>Pb. When 3% humic acid was added to the soil,Cu and As were significantly lower( P<0.05)than CK by 16.85% and 5.41%. The modified Elovich equation could simulate the release process of heavy metals Cu,As and Pb well. While the double constant rate equation could simulate the release process of heavy metal Zn well.【Conclusion】Humic acid addition could change the occurence form of heavy metals in the soil,reduce the leaching volume of heavy metals and lessen the risk of contamination when heavy metals were transported and transformed.
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Research progress on corn silk bioactive components,efficacy and extraction method
HE Zihan, WU Xinglin, XIANG Zhiyu, BAI Guanghong, WANG Yang, LI Songhao, DU Zhenhua, Zibirnisa·Samat , DAI Xiaohua
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 96-104.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.12
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Corn silk is the dried filaments and stigmas of female flowers of Gramineae plant maize. It contains various functional components such as flavonoids,polysaccharides,saponins,sterols,and organic acids. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,corn silk is often used to treat diseases such as edema,cystitis,gout,kidney stones,nephritis,and prostatitis. This article reviewed the bioactive components,efficacy,and extraction methods of active ingredients of corn silk,and prospected the basic and applied research on the bioactive components of corn silk,in order to provide references for further in-depth research and related product development in the field.

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Genome-wide identification,evolution and expression analysis of LBD gene family in Ricinus communis
DUAN Qiang, HE Zhibiao, LI Guorui, ZHAO Xiuping, ZHANG Shuai, HAN Wenyu, CHEN Yongsheng
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2021, 49 (6): 1-14.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.06.01
Abstract199)      PDF(pc) (3202KB)(57)       Save
【Objective】To explore the composition and expression pattern of Ricinus communis LBD transcription factor gene family.【Methods】Bioinformatics was used to screen and identify members of Ricinus communis LBD gene family at the whole genome level,and their gene structure,physical and chemical characteristics,protein conserved motifs,evolutionary selection pressure,phylogenetic tree,and gene expression quantity were analyzed.【Results】There were 30 members of Ricinus communis LBD gene family found,all of which were well conserved throughout evolution. The genes were split into two categories:Class1 and Class2,with 24 and 6 LBD genes,respectively,based on LBD domain and phylogenetic tree analyses. Ricinus communis LBD gene family members′ gene structure and protein conserved motifs were found to be quite simple.Subcellular localization revealed that all members of Ricinus communis LBD gene family were located in the nucleus,with RcLBD12 being in the cell membrane as well. LBD genes are widely involved in the development and regulation of leaves,stems,roots,embryos,and other tissues in Ricinus communis,and had a key role in the resistance to abiotic stress according to expression quantity data.【Conclusion】In the evolutionary process,the LBD gene family members had undergone large-scale fragment replication,selection,and participated in the regulation of the growth and development of many tissues of Ricinus communis. Where the RcLBD6 and RcLBD27 may play an important role in the process of Ricinus communis resistance to abiotic stress.
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Difference study on the quality traits of various sweet potato varieties(lines)
LUO Letan, ZHANG Hongyun, SHI Jiang, ZHAO Lin
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2021, 49 (6): 22-34.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.06.03
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【Objective】The differences in quality traits among sweet potato varieties(lines)were investigated. Sweet potato varieties(lines)with high quality traits were selected for subsequent breeding and processing.【Methods】The freeze-drying rate,starch,soluble sugar and protein content,as well as other quality indexes of 16 sweet potato varieties(lines)were assessed. The main strach quality traits were compared. The taste of baked sweet potato was evaluated.【Results】ZH1042 had the highest freeze-drying rate and starch content. ZZ1-358 had the highest soluble sugar content and protein content. Zheshu 20 had the highest total amylase activity and α-amylase activity. QZ2-2 had the highest β-amylase activity. The purity of starch extracted from Quzi No.9,Jinshu 67,ZH1042 and Z329 was higher than the other varieties(lines). The starch extracted from F2-93 and Z329 had high proportion of the small particles,while ZH1042 had high proportion of the large particles. Jinshu 67 had the highest viscosity and starch disintegration value. In the correlation analysis,the starch content in sweet potato was extremely significantly negatively correlated with soluble sugar content and protein content( P<0.01). The highest viscosity was extremely significantly positively correlated with hot paste viscosity,disintegration value,and final viscosity( P<0.01). The hot paste viscosity was extremely significantly positively correlated with final viscosity( P<0.01). The disintegration value was extremely significantly negatively correlated with gelatinization temperature( P<0.01). The starch content of 16 sweet potato varieties(lines)was divided into four categories:more than 74%,69%-73%,60%-68% and less than 60%,respectively,according to cluster analysis.【Conclusion】Among the 16 sweet potato varieties(lines),Jinshu 67,ZZ1-358 and ZH1042 had excellent quality traits,and had a certain comprehensive utilization value.
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Research progress on the characteristics and development and utilization of Cyperus esculentus
CAO Ziqi, REN Yongfeng, LU Zhanyuan, ZHAO Xiaoqing
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 66-74.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.09
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Cyperus esculentus is a multi-purpose commercial crop that incorporates grain and oil,feed,food,medicine,and greening,as well as an ecological crop that prevents windstorms and fastens sand,enhances soil fertility,and improves marginal land use efficiency. As a result of its favorable environmental and economic effects,it has been well developed. This paper discussed the characteristics,planting and yield,main nutrient composition,development and utilization of Cyperus esculentus,as well as the challenges that have afflicted its development and the prospects for its industrial development.
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Effects of the growth and development of potatoes and soil nutrients in potato fields based on soaking seeds with different microbial agents
LIU Yana, CHEN Wenjin, FAN Yafang, WEI Hong, ZHAO Yinglin, XUE Huiling, ZHANG Jing, KONG Qingquan, HE Xiaoyong, ZHANG Ziyi
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2024, 52 (2): 26-36.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.03
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【Objective】To explore the effects of different microbial agents on potato growth and development and soil nutrients in potato fields,so as to provide a reference for green and sustainable potato planting in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Potato V7 was used as the test material,by setting distilled water(CK),applying Bacillus sp. 188 bacterial agent(T1), Pseudomonas sp. BP16 bacterial agent(T2),and Streptomyces rochei D74 bacterial agent(T3) four treatments to soak the seeds for 30 min. Potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,nutrient accumulation per plant,leaf chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured at different growth stages after potato planting.【Results】After 110 days of potato planting,compared with CK,the yield of potato in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 7.14% and 9.16%( P<0.05),the starch content of tubers was significantly increased by 11.84% and 16.38%( P<0.05),the dry matter mass of potato roots,stems,leaves,and tubers were significantly increased by 26.87%,16.92%,11.77% and 13.59% by T3 treatment( P<0.05),the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants was significantly increased by 28.86%,32.78% and 30.81% by T3 treatment( P<0.05). After 70 days of potato planting,the chlorophyll content in potato leaves treated with T3 treatment was the highest [4.29 mg/(g·FW)],and the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves was significantly increased by 15.29% compared to CK( P<0.05). After 50 days of potato planting,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in T3 treatment reached its maximum value(42.32 mg/kg),the available phosphorus content significantly increased by 26.17% compared to CK( P<0.05),and the available potassium content in T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 24.95% and 21.65% compared to CK( P<0.05),respectively.After 70 days of planting,the soil ammonium nitrogen content in T2 treatment significantly increased by 47.03% compared to CK( P<0.05).【Conclusion】Soaking seeds with Streptomyces rochei D74 microbial can increase potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,at agent tuber formation stage,the leaf chlorophyll content at maturation stage,soil nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available potassium content at early growth stage,soil ammonium nitrogen at agent tuber formation stage. It can be used as a suitable microbial agent for potato cultivation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
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Resistance evaluation of pepper germplasm resources against pepper Phytophthora and fungicide sensitivity analysis on Phytophthora capsici
SUN Pingping, LI Zhengnan, LIU Xin, ZHANG Lei, WANG Yong, FU Chongyi
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (5): 67-72.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.05.10
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【Objective】To assess the degree of Phytophthora resistance of pepper germplasm resources and examine the indoor antifungal activity of common chemical agents against Phytophthora capsici,in order to provide guidance for the prevention and control of Phytophthora.【Methods】The resistance of 28 pepper germplasm resources to Phytophthora capsici was evaluated by root inoculation. The sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici S90 to 16 common fungicides in the market was analyzed by mycelial growth rate method.【Results】The disease resistance of different pepper germplasm resources was significantly different,and the disease index was 0-100. Among them,the disease index of C164,C186,C167,C189,Beixing No.1 and Beixing No. 6 was 0,showing high resistance,accounting for 21.43% of the total resources. There were 1 medium resistant and 21 highly susceptible materials,accounting for 3.57% and 75.00% of the total resources,respectively. Among the 16 fungicides,the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory activity of P. capsici S90,with EC50 value at 6.935 0 mg/L. The EC50 values of iprodione,carbendazim,myclobutanil,ethylicin and pyraclostrobin were 21.504 7 to 93.587 8 mg/L. The EC50 values of other fungicides were all greater than 100 mg/L,among which,fluopyramotri·floxystrobin and chlorobromoisocy anuric acid had no inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90.【Conclusion】In the tested pepper germplasm resources,there were six varieties with high Phytophthora capsici resistance. Among the 16 fungicides tested,the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90. Iprodione,carbendazim,myclobutanil,ethylicin and pyraclostrobin also had some inhibitory activities that could be used as effective fungicides for controlling Phytophthora.

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Effects of deep ploughing straw returning on root morphology and yield of maize in saline-alkali soil
ZHANG Hao, GAO Julin, YU Xiaofang, MA Daling, HU Shuping
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.01.01
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【Objective】To elucidate the impacts of tillage methods on the development of saline-alkali farmland and maize growth by examining the growth and development of maize roots under deep ploughing straw returning.【Methods】From 2021 to 2022,two tillage methods,shallow rotation no returning(CK)and deep ploughing straw returning(DPR),were set up on mild,moderate and severe saline-alkali land. The local main maize varieties DK159 and JSH257 were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,maize root growth status and yield.【Results】Compared with CK,the bulk density in DPR soil decreased,water content increased,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,total N,available P,available K and organic matter content increased significantly( P<0.05). The soil total salt content and pH value decreased by 5.48%-48.98% and 1.25%-13.71%,respectively. The root length,root surface area,average root diameter and root volume of DPR maize significantly increased( P<0.05). The root indexes improved most in the mild saline-alkali soil,with increases of 62.13%,62.99%,26.46% and 69.67%,respectively. In comparison with the CK,the yield of maize increased by 14.08%-33.61% with the highest increase in moderate saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing straw returning effectively improved soil physical and chemical properties,reduced soil total salt content and pH value. With the decrease of total salt content,maize root length and root volume increased significantly,increasing root surface area,improving the ability of maize plants to utilize soil nutrients,and ultimately increasing yield.
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Research on the construction of sugar beet BvCENH3 gene mutants based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology
HAN Ping′an, TANG Kuan′gang, CHANG Yue, SUN Ruifen, WANG Liang, ZHANG Ziqiang, FU Zengjuan, ZHAO Shangmin, WU Xinrong, LI Xiaodong
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.02.01
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【Objective】The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the BvCENH3 gene in sugar beet aiming to establish an efficient genome editing system.【Methods】Taking sugar beet BvCENH3 gene as the editing target,double candidate targets were selected to construct gene editing vector. Transgenic sugar beet plants were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Next generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify the mutation types and droplet digital PCR was employed to screen low-copy mutant plants.【Results】82 transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained,40 of which were successfully edited,with an editing efficiency of 48.78%. Target 1 was more efficient than target 2. There were five mutation types,including single base substitution(T→G、A→C) and base deletion(TC、TCTC deletion). 23 low-copy edited plants were selected,with BvCENH3 insertion copy numbers ranging from 1.1 to 1.9.【Conclusion】Successfully edited BvCENH3 in sugar beet with 40 BvCENH3 gene mutants obtained. Preliminary established sugar beet genome editing system,laying theoretical and technical foundations for sugar beet haploid breeding.
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Effects of different planting densities on the agronomic traits and yield of broad beans
FAN Yafang, CHEN Wenjin, KONG Qingquan, HE Xiaoyong, LIU Jian, LIU Yana, GAO Xuefeng, GUO Jianbing, GUO Wenxu, ZHANG Guoxiong
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2024, 52 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.01.01
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【Objective】Clarify the effects of planting densities on the agronomic traits and yield of broad beans,to explore the optimal planting density of broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In 2022 and 2023,using Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 broad beans as experiment materials and randomized block design,five planting densities, D1(90 000 plants/hm 2),D2(120 000 plants/hm 2),D3(150 000 plants/hm 2),D4(180 000 plants/hm 2),and D5(210 000 plants/hm 2) were set up to analyze the effects of different planting densities on the main agronomic traits,yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans.【Results】The plant height of broad beans had increasing trend with the increase of planting densities,while the total number of branches and effective branch number per plant had decreasing trend. With the increase of planting densities,the main yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans had the trends of first increase and then decrease. The performance of different planting densities were:D4>D3>D5>D2>D1. Under D4 treatment,the yield of Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 were highest at 2 089.74,2 210.66 kg/hm 2 in 2022 and 2 152.15,2 249.66 kg/hm 2 in 2023,the net income were highest as well at 13 439.76,14 478.16 yuan/hm 2 in 2022 and 13 947.97,14 739.54 yuan/hm 2 in 2023.【Conclusion】The optimal planting density for broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia was 180 000 plants/hm 2. Under this density,the agronomic traits of broad bean performed well,the yield and economic benefits were the best.
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The effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting
WANG Bo, AN Hao, ZHANG Tingting, ZHANG Jun, WU Shengcai, LI Huanchun
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 33-43.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.05
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【Objective】To determine the effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting.【Methods】The experiment was carried out by windrow composting with different turning frequencies. The dairy manure and wheat straw were raw materials. The parameters analyzed during composting process were temperature,moisture,pH value,EC value,organic matter,total nitrogen,C/N ratio,germination index,weed seed inactivation rate,and microbial community.【Results】Compared with the control group(T1 and T2),the treatment group(T3 and T4)with different turning frequencies could effectively increase the permeability of the pile and achieve thermophilic fermentation period(≥55 ℃). The peak temperature rose by 20.00-38.33 ℃ and thermophilic fermentation period was increased 3-9 days. The water,total nitrogen,organic matter,and C/N ratio of composting product were decreased 15.38%-35.38%,12.42%-37.71%,22.81%-35.64% and 12.24%-31.67% respectively. Furthermore,the germination index(GI index)increased 10.77%-13.03%.The inactivation rate of weed seeds achieved 100%. The EC value and pH value of the treatment group(T3 and T4) were similar to the control group(T1 and T2). The higher relative abundance of Methanomicrobia was existed in the control group(T1 and T2). Furthermore,the turning measure could increase the relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermous and Chloroflexi as the core bacteria,and the alpha-diversity was decreased by turning measure.【Conclusion】Adding turning measure during traditional composting process could increase the pile temperature,maturity and the degree of harmlessness for composting products. It also could increase the relative abundance of thermophilic microorganism and decrease the microbial community diversity.
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The study of potato blackleg disease primer source of infection
HUANG Junxia, LU Bei, CAO Mengyu, HE Shuangshuang, LI Guoqiang, GAO Hongyu, QIU Kai, DENG Fengzhi, SUN Yanmin, Aledarixi, LIU Lihua
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2024, 52 (2): 72-78.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.08
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【Objective】To clarify potato blackleg disease source of infection in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,and provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures for potato blackleg disease.【Methods】The pathogen isolation,pathogenicity identification,molecular identification and soil survival tests of potato blackleg disease were carried out. Through pot experiment and field experiment,seven treatments were set up to investigate the occurrence of potato blackleg disease in the soil of continuous cropping land,seed potatoes of diseased land and diseased residues,and analyze and verify the differences in incidence rate of different treatments.【Results】The incidence rate of potato blackleg harvested in diseased areas and planted as seed potato over winter was 40.00%. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was isolated from the disease residue buried in soil after overwintering,and the incidence rate was 43.33% in the experiment of planting disease-free potato after the disease residue was planted in the disease-free soil. The incidence rate of disease-free potato was 6.67% in the previous diseased plots. The amount of pathogenic bacteria in unsterilized soil gradually decreased with the extension of time,and no longer survived after two months at normal temperature,and no longer survived after four months at -20 ℃. The results indicated that P. atrosepticum could survive the winter in the disease residual and become the primary infection source in the second year. The pathogenic bacteria in diseased soil were related to the occurrence of disease,but the bacteria free in cultivated soil could only survive for two months at natural temperature.【Conclusion】 The primary infection source of potato blackleg disease in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia is the infected seed potato and the disease residual after winter,and the amount of bacteria carried by the seed potato is an important factor affecting the occurrence of the disease.
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Research on the application of low-carbon concept in the design of pocket park
REN Jing, WANG Jinfeng, FANG Lei, MA Li, CHEN Fen
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (2): 69-73.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.02.09
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The low-carbon idea is critical in combating global climate change. Applying the low-carbon concept to pocket park design is a crucial step in using landscape design to mitigate extreme climate. The article reviewed the application status of low-carbon concept in pocket park design. The specific steps for the implementation of low-carbon concept in pocket park. In the same time,made recommendations on systematic and overall pocket park design,macro layout to achieve low-carbon and theoretical improvement of low-carbon pocket park. Integrates the low-carbon concept with pocket park design into urban green space,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the layout and planning of pocket parks in major cities.
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Dwarfing effects of plant growth retardants on potted Hemerocallis
MA Bailin, LIU Xu, LUO Guijie, CHEN Fen, LIU Bo
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 80-86.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.11
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【Objective】To investigate the dwarfing effect of plant growth retardants on Hemerocallis hence improve its ornamental value.【Methods】Different concentrations of Paclobutrazol(PP 333),Uniconazole(S 3307),Chlormequat Chloride(CCC),and B 9 were applied to Hemerocallis variety‘little Anna Rosa’ by pot soil application or leaf spraying with water as control. The effects of plant growth retardants on plant morphology,leaf characteristics,and flowering of Hemerocallis were investigated.【Results】All of the treatments had an inhibitory effect on‘little Anna Rosa’ plant morphology,with the treatment of spraying 60 mg/L S 3307 on the leaf having the most evident inhibitory effect. In comparison to the control,the plant height and crown width both decreased by 52.32% and 36.68%,respectively;the stem diameter increased by 97.61%. In terms of application methods,leaf spraying PP 333 and S 3307 had a better dwarfing effect on‘little Anna Rosa’ than pot soil application,whereas pot soil application CCC and B 9 had a better dwarfing effect on‘little Anna Rosa’ than leaf spraying. Various treatments inhibited the leaves of the‘little Anna Rosa’,and the effect was positively related to the concentration. The leaf length,leaf width(excluding 40 mg/L S 3307),and leaf area of the 60 mg/L S 3307 treatment were significantly smaller than the control and other treatments( P<0.05),with reductions of 29.47%,35.44%,and 54.46% respectively,as compare to the control. In terms of application methods,leaf spraying S 3307(excluding 20 mg/L)had significantly higher inhibitory effect on leaf length and leaf area than pot soil treatment( P<0.05). While pot soil treatment of CCC and B 9 had a higher inhibitory effect on leaf length,leaf width,and leaf area of than leaf spraying. Various treatments increased the flower diameter of ‘little Anna Rosa’. The flower diameter of 60 mg/L S 3307 was significantly higher than that of the control and other treatments( P<0.05),which was 65.00% higher than control. In terms of retardants toxicity,high concentrations of PP 333,CCC and B 9 caused the plants to stop blooming. The S 3307,on the other hand,had no toxicity and allowed the plant to bloom normally. 【Conclusion】Leaf spraying with 60 mg/L S 3307 boosted the ornamental value of potted Hemerocallis,resulting in a dwarf and compact plant,smaller leaves,dense green foliage,and larger flower diameter.
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Effects of microbial inoculants on biomass of continuous cropping Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and soil fungal community structure
LI Ruihong, LI Hongxia, LI Changsheng, LIU Peijing, WANG Fei, GU Yang
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (6): 50-56.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.06.07
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【Objective】To clarify the effects of different microbial inoculants on biomass of continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and soil fungal community structure.【Methods】 Four treatments were set up using A. membranaceus var. mongholicus as test material,ETS compound inoculant(ETS),Doveite antibacterial inoculant(DWTK),multifunctional vitamin bacterial inoculant(WSS)and blank control(CK). The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was measured. And high-throughput sequencing technology was used to examine the fungal community structure in the soil.【Results】The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus above ground tissues and roots was significantly(P<0.05)increased by DWTK treatment,with above ground biomass increased by 17.5% and root biomass increased by 18.4%,compared with CK. The three microbial inoculants clearly improved the soil fungal community. Among them,the number of soil fungi OTU in DWTK treatment was substantially higher than that of CK and WSS treatment,and the fungal groups were more abundant. In comparison to the other three treatments,the DWTK treatment significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Fusarium and increased the abundance of Gibberella.【Conclusion】Doveite antibacterial inoculant effectively improved the structure of rhizosphere fungi community of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus,reduced the number of pathogenic fungi,and increased the number of fungi. It was advantageous to strengthen the continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus disease resistance and boost the biomass.

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Effects of salt and drought stress on seed germination of Allium mongolicum Regel
WEI Pengchao, CAO Zhenyu, YANG Zhongren, ZHANG Fenglan, HAN Xu, ZHOU Yan
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (6): 10-16.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.06.02
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【Objective】To explore the effects of salt and drought stress on Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination,and to provide references for the study of artificial cultivation and stress tolerance of Allium mongolicum Regel.【Methods】Taking Allium mongolicum Regel seeds as test material,different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 neutral salt mix solution and PEG-6000 solution were used to simulate salt and drought stress. The germination rate,germination potential,germination index and vitality index were tested. The functional equation created by the relative germination rate and each treatment concentration was used to determine the seed tolerance.【Results】Allium mongolicum Regel seeds germination indicators gradually decreased as salt and drought stress increased,and the initial germination time delayed. When the salt concentration was 75 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L,seeds germination time delayed to the day 3 and day 5,respectively,and the germination rate fell to 23.33% and 12.66%,respectively. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 15% and 20%,the seeds germination time delayed to day 3 and day 4,respectively,and germination rate fell to 38.66% and 25.33%,respectively. The salt tolerance and drought resistance semi-lethal osmotic potentials were -0.20 MPa and -3.80 MPa,and the salt tolerance and drought resistance limit osmotic potentials were -0.60 MPa and -7.38 MPa,respectively.【Conclusion】The seeds germination of Allium mongolicum Regel was not significantly suppressed under mild drought stress,with drought tolerance limit osmotic potential of -7.38 MPa. Low-permeability salt solution significantly inhibited Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination,with salt tolerance limit osmotic potential of -0.60 MPa.

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Research progress on the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology in the pesticide residue analysis
YANG Ximeng, HUANG Qian, ZHENG Huixin, JIN Huiling, HUANG Xinyang, MENG Xingang
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (1): 85-92.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.01.10
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With the development and improvement of the pesticide residue limit standard system,the pesticide residue detection methods are also improving. High-resolution mass spectrometry technology has recently advanced quickly. Due to its high resolution and high mass accuracy,it is now frequently employed for the analysis of pesticide residues. This paper summarized the development characteristics of high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry technology. Also reviewed the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the detection of pesticide residues in food and the environment in the past five years and prospected the future development trends,in order to serve as references for the further development of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology in the field of pesticide residues.
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Research progress of genes related to photoperiodic pathway in maize
QIU Guilan, LI Yan, LI Hongmei, LUO Xi, MA Xiaoling, HE Liqun, HU Meilin, ZHAO Houjuan, DU Lin, WU Yuanqi, TANG Haitao
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (5): 19-23.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.05.03
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Introducing tropical and subtropical maize varieties is a good strategy to expand the maize germplasm resources in China. However the exchange and use of maize germplasm resources at various latitudes of temperate,tropical,and subtropical regions are hampered by the variation in how maize germplasm reacts to day length and photoperiod. In recent years,maize photoperiodic pathway related genes have been continuously studied and cloned,but more research is needed to understand the photoperiodic regulatory network and molecular mechanisms. This paper summarized the genetic characteristics of maize photoperiod sensitivity and the mapping of photoperiod related genes,explained the cloning and function of maize photoperiodic pathway related genes with reference to Arabidopsis and rice,in order to provide reference for the research on regulation network and molecular mechanism of maize photoperiodic pathway.

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Analysis of deoxynivalenol(DON) accumulation in wheat kernels and its correlation with test weight
HE Xianfang, DONG Xu, ZHAO Li, DU Binbin, LU Mao′ang, DENG Cheng, WANG Jianlai
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.05.01
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【Objective】To explore the accumulation of deoxynivalenol(DON) in the kernels of different wheat varieties under natural disease conditions and the effect on Fuasrium diseased kernel rate(FDK) and test weight,so as to provide reference for breeding wheat varieties resistant to Fuasrium.【Methods】The content of DON,3A-DON(3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and 15A-DON(15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) in the kernels of 65 wheat varieties from different sources were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) to analyze the difference in Fuasrium diseased kernel rate(FDK) and test weight (TW) under different DON content.【Results】The FDK of the 65 wheat varieties ranged from 0.20% to 7.80%. The content of DON was 0.11 to 4.26 mg/kg. The test weight was 703.00 to 791.70 g/L. With correlation coefficients of 0.514,0.549,0.529 and 0.521,respectively,FDK was significantly positively correlated with the contents of DON,3A-DON,15A-DON and DON-Total(P<0.01),and was significantly negatively correlated with test weight(P<0.05),with correlation coefficients of -0.254. With correlation coefficients of 0.999,0.911 and 0.899,respectively,the kernel contents of DON,3A-DON,15A-DON had significant positive correlation(P<0.01) with DON-Total,and significant negative correlation with test weight(P<0.01),with correlation coefficients of -0.502,-0.504 and -0.481,respectively. In terms of the source of the varieties,the kernel accumulation of DON was lowest in Jiangsu(1.51 mg/kg),followed by Anhui(2.06 mg/kg),Henan(2.75 mg/kg) and Shandong(2.98 mg/kg). The content of 3A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu(0.047 mg/kg),followed by Anhui(0.075 mg/kg),Shandong(0.111 mg/kg) and Henan(0.113 mg/kg). The content of 15A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu(0.059 mg/kg),followed by Anhui(0.090 mg/kg),Shandong(0.132 mg/kg)and Henan(0.141 mg/kg). The content of DON-Total was lowest in Jiangsu(1.61 mg/kg),followed by Anhui(2.23 mg/kg),Henan(3.00 mg/kg)and Shandong(3.23 mg/kg). The number and proportion of varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg in wheat kernels were as follows:Anhui(18,64.29%)>Jiangsu(13,61.90%)>Shandong(2,22.22%)>Henan(1,14.29%). The average test weight was highest in Jiangsu(758.57 g/L),followed by Anhui(751.90 g/L),Henan(739.71 g/L) and Shandong(735.27 g/L). In terms of the characteristics of different varieties,eight wheat varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg and test weight no less than 770.00 g/L were selected. Among these,there were seven semi winter varieties including Huaimai 40,Huaimai 44,Nongmai 152,Quanmai 725,Womai No. 9,Xunong 029 and Huaimai 45,one spring variety,Guohong No. 6.【Conclusion】The kernel FDK,DON contents and test weight of the 65 wheat varieties were quite different. With the increase of FDK,the kernel accumulation of 3A-DON,15A-DON and DON-Total increased gradually,and the average test weight decreased. Huaimai 40,Huaimai 44,Nongmai 152,Quanmai 725,Womai No.9,Xunong 029,Huaimai 45,and Guohong No. 6 had better resistance to Fuasrium disease.

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Root-knot nematode control effect of 41.7% Lufuda SC different application methods in tomato
XI Xianmei, HUO Hongli, HAN Ping′an, HUANG Shuo, RONG Xiaojun, GE Tong, CAO Chunling
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2021, 49 (6): 98-102.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.06.13
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【Objective】To determine the control effect of 41.7% Lufuda SC different application methods on root-knot nematode of tomatoes.【Methods】41.7% Lufuda SC at a dosage of 0.030 mL/plant was used to irrigate the root,spray on ridge surface,and broadcast on strip surface. 20% fosthiazate FW for root irrigation,10% fosthiazate GR at 30 kg/hm 2 soil spraying and water were used as controls. The effect of different treatments on root-knot nematode control was recorded.【Results】The population declining rates of root-knot nematode by 41.7% Lufuda SC treatments to irrigate the root,spraying on ridge surface and broadcasting on strip surface were 46.39%,23.21%,and 22.95% respectively. The control effects were 64.19%,59.74% and 50.22% respectively. The population declining rates for 20% fosthiazate FW and 10% fosthiazate GR were 42.67% and 29.89%,the control effects were 62.21% and 48.46% respectively. 41.7% Lufuda SC on root irrigation enhanced yield by 27.07% compared to water treatment.【Conclusion】For 41.7% Lufada SC,irrigation on roots method had much better effect in tomato root-knot nematode control than spraying on ridge surface,broadcasting on strip suface and all controls,increased yield significantly as well.
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Optimization and analysis of ethyl methane sulfonate mutagensis system in sunflower seeds
GUO Shuchun, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Yanfang, YU Haifeng, NIE Hui, SHAO Ying, QIAO Huilei, MU Yingnan, LIANG Chen, LI Suping
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2021, 49 (6): 15-21.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.06.02
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【Objective】To determine the optimal ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)mutagensis concentration and treatment time frame in sunflower seeds.【Methods】Using oil-seed sunflower JK103,S18 and edible sunflower Bakui 138 and Keyang No.7 as test materials,the germination potential,germination rate,and relative germination rate of sunflower seeds were analyzed under EMS treatment with gradient concentration(0,0.1%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)and three treatment time span(6,12,24 h)to determine the optimal conditions.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sunflower seeds were affected by the EMS solution concentration and mutagenic time. Sunflower seeds,especially oil-seed was quite tolerant to EMS. In the later stages of mutagensis,edible seeds became more sensitive to EMS as the treatment duration increases. The optimal mutagenic conditions of sunflower EMS treatment varied depending on the variety.【Conclusion】According to the principle of semi-lethal condition,the optimal concentration and treatment time are,for oil-seed,48 h after germination treated with 1.0%-1.5% EMS solution for 12-24 h,for edible-seed,48-72 h after germination treated with 1.0%-1.5% EMS solution for 6-12 h.
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Pesticide residues and dietary exposure risk assessment of intensive planting of spinach
Shana, LI Guoyin, ZHANG Xinxin, ZHANG Fujin, LIAN Haifei, KANG Boyang, DI Caixia, YANG Yongqing, SHI Pei
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 107-114.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.15
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【Objective】To investigate the pesticide residues in intensively planted spinach,as well as the risk associated with dietary exposure of pesticide residues in spinach.【Methods】Pesticide residues were measured in 80 spinach samples intensively planted in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia. The chronic and acute dietary exposure risk assessment model was used to assess the dietary exposure risk of pesticide residues in the spinach. The pesticide risk ranking was done using the British Veterinary Drug Residue Committee′s veterinary drug residue risk ranking matrix to assess the health risk caused by pesticide residues.【Results】Pesticide residues from 16 different pesticides were found in spinach samples,mostly insecticides and low hazardous pesticides. The content was 0.002 0 to 1.280 0 mg/kg,the detection rate was 2.5% to 30.0%,and the over standard rate was 2.5%. The likelihood of chronic and acute dietary exposure to the insecticide Fluoronitrile exceeding the standard was less than 100%,posing neither long-term or short-term damage to human health. Pesticide residues with a risk value of less than 30 were classified as low-risk pesticide residues.【Conclusion】Pesticide residues were safe in spinach intensive production,and the danger of dietary exposure to pesticide residues was low. However Fluoronitrile was a potential risk factor,oversight of banned pesticides should be strengthened.
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Effects of different fertilization treatments on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of millet
ZHANG Biao, ZHAO Peiyi, REN Yongfeng, ZHANG Peng, GAO Hongyan, HAN Yunfei, DU Erxiao, LUO Suju, WANG Xuanming
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (5): 34-40.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.05.05
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【Objective】To find the optimal fertilization method through research on the diurnal variation of millet′s photosynthetic properties throughout the filling stage. To provide a reference for improving the production and industrial growth of side crops in Ordos City,Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In the test site at Shagedu,Junggar Banner,using Jinmiao K1 as test variety,five fertilization treatments were set up:phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(PK,blank),nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK,control),replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with sheep manure(N+SM),replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer(N+BM),and replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with slow-release compound fertilizer(N+HM). The membrane side planting was used to analyse the differences in millet leaf area,diurnal variations in photosynthetic properties during filling stage and yield.【Results】The leaf area of Jinmiao K1 in N+BM treatment was higher than that in other treatments after jointing stage. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of different treatments showed bimodal curve change and had photosynthetic midday break. The net photosynthetic rate of N+BM treatment was the highest at 17.5 μmol/(m2·s). The highest transpiration rate of each treatment appeared from 12:00 to 14:00. The diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 concentration showed a‘V’ shaped trend. The intercellular CO2 concentration in N+BM treatment was the lowest at 39.2 mmol/(m2·s). The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of each treatment had the same trend with the lowest value appeared from 12:00 to 14:00. At 12:00,the stomatal conductance of N+BM treatment was 33.3% lower than that of NPK treatment. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with the transpiration rate,and extreme significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance. The grain yield of N+BM treatment reached 5 122 kg/hm2,which was 16.2% higher than that of NPK treatment.【Conclusion】Replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer improved the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation capacity of millet in the later stage,increased yield,was a suitable fertilization method in Ordos City.

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Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits in 99 barley germplasm resources
GUO Chengyu, YI Fengyan, FANG Yongyu, SHI Zhidan, LIU Fang, ZHAO Heping, DING Haijun
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.01
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【Objective】Identify the phenotypic traits of different types of barley germplasm resources,to provide basis for breeding practice.【Methods】The diversity of 8 qualitative traits including seedling habits,leaf posture,plant type,ridge type,awn type,awniness,naked/cover and grain color of 99 barley germplasm resources were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Using descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis,10 quantitative traits including plant height,growth period,tiller number,main spike length,main spike grain number,main spike grain weight,spike number per plant,grain number per plant,grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed.【Results】 There were abundant variations in the 8 qualitative traits. The variation range of 10 quantitative traits was 9.08%-43.16%,among which the variation coefficient of main spike grain number was the highest,and the variation coefficient of growth period was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01)correlations among multiple traits of the 99 barley germplasm. The germplasm population was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The 15 accessions in theⅠcategory had the characteristics of high stem,long main spike and long growth period. The 56 accessions in the Ⅱ category had the characteristics of low stalk,high spike number per plant,high tiller number and long main spike. The 26 accessions in theⅢcategory had the characteristics of high main spike grain weight,high main spike grain number and low 1 000-grain weight. There were 2 accessions in the Ⅳ category,characterized by high grain number per plant,high grain weight per plant,low 1 000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 72.39%.【Conclusion】 There were abundant genetic variations in 18 phenotypic traits of 99 barley germplasm resources,which could be divided into 4 categories. Breeding selection could be based on group characteristics.

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Effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on the growth,development and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning
ZHANG Lili, XUE Bingdong, FAN Ye, MO Jiaojiao, ZHAO Xinyu, YANG Hailong, FU Jun, JIANG Ying, QI Hua, WANG Pu
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 38-47.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.05
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【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth,development,and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City,Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner(CK),quicklime(CaO),organic fertilizer(Organic),and organic fertilizer+quicklime(Organic+CaO). The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits,dry matter accumulation,yield components,and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021,the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years,respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year,soil conditioner,and their interaction had extremely significant effect(P<0.01) on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher(P<0.05) than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher(P<0.05) than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher(P<0.05) kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher(P<0.05) than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated(P<0.05) with kernel number per ear (R2=0.614) and kernel number per hectare (R2=0.746). Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height,ear height,and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index (LAI) increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However,from the yield prospective,when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning,continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

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Effects of tillage practices and irrigation amount on the growth,development and yield of wheat
ZHENG Mei, QIE Tianzhen, LU Zhanyuan, Nashunwuritu , LI Juan, ZHANG Xiangqian, CHENG Yuchen, ZHANG Dejian
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (6): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.06.01
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【Objective】To investigate the effects of tillage practices,irrigation amount and their interaction on the growth,development and yield of wheat.【Methods】Two factors,tillage practices and irrigation amount were set in Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia. Four tillage practices,rotary tillage straw mulching conventional sowing(XG),straw mulching no tillage sowing(MG),traditional tilling(CT)and subsoiling straw mulching(SS),and five irrigation levels,900,1 350,1 800,2 250 and 2 700 m3/hm2 were set to determine wheat seedling rate,plant height,leaf area index,yield traits and grain yield. In addition,the interactions between the indexes were analyzed.【Results】With average seedling rate of 96.55%,MG had the highest seedling rate. Except for CT,under XG,MG and SS treatment,wheat plant height at maturity increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount,with the maximum of 93.52,95.67 and 94.00 cm,respectively. The wheat leaf area index was affected by tillage practices,and was significantly(P<0.05)different under different irrigation amount. Under different tillage practices the five irrigation levels had different effect on the growth and development of wheat. The wheat yield under MG treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05),and the maximum yield was 8 152.63 kg/hm2 under irrigation amount of 2 700 m3/hm2,followed by the yield of 6 493.55 kg/hm2 at irrigation amount of 2 250 m3/hm2.【Conclusion】In Chifeng City,straw mulching no tillage sowing along with irrigation of 1 350-2 250 m3/hm2 for wheat planting could achieve water conservation and productive yield improvement.

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Research of VNTR molecular markers application in the cytoplasm type identification of sugarbeet
ZHANG Hui,WANG Liang,FU Zengjuan,LI Xiaodong,ZHAO Shangmin,E Yuanyuan,ZHENG Wenzhe,ZHANG Ziqiang,ZHANG Bizhou,ZHANG Huizhong
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.01
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【Objective】Sugarbeet paired maintainer lines and male sterile lines′ cytoplasmic types were determined in order to provide theoretical basis and technical advice for breeding sugarbeet maintainer lines and male sterile lines.【Methods】40 sugarbeet test materials were identified using the generated VNTR specific primers TR1, TR2, TR3,and TR4, and the cytoplasmic types were separated according to the particular bands, which was combined with the research of fertility features in the field.【Results】Among the 21 materials to be selected for sterility type,the materials conforming to be Owen type were N9849-17-1,N9865-103-C1, N9857-5-1-TH1-400, MS321-C27-1-80, MS331-N70, MS343-80, MS117-3-6-4-2, MS301-500, MS351-80, MS327-70-80, MS333-70-80, MS335-N70, 2068B-2, MS151-1-16-301-400, MS317-1-8-301, MS313-506-600 and MS320-7-605-1-84. MS329-N70 was cytoplasm type N1 and MS323-503-600 was N2. Among the 19 fertile materials to be selected, 960767-201TH-1, 960764-1-11-1-1-400, OT322-C7-70-80, OT332-N70, OT352-80, OT328-70-80, BS301-13-9, OT352-80-1, OT342-80 and OT152-1-6-301-400 were found to be in line with the cytoplasm type N1, and OT302-500 was found to be in line with the cytoplasm type N2. 960766-1077-c1, OT344-80, OT118-4-5-4-4 and OT324-501-600 were Owen type. Six materials with inconsistent molecular identification results were MS351-80-1, MS341-80, OT152-1-1-1-C301, OT330-N70, OT334-70-80, and OT336-N70. The results of field investigation revealed that 960766-1077-c1, OT344-80, OT118-4-5-4-4 and OT324-501-600 were semi-fertile with Owen cytoplasmic types. MS329-N70 and MS323-503-600 were semi-sterile type Ⅱ and were not Owen cytoplasmic type.【Conclusion】The VNTR specific primers developed could be utilized to distinguish the cytoplasmic types of sugarbeet maintainer lines and male sterile lines. The results were consistent with the results of the field fertility feature identification.
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Inner Mongolia distributed national key protected wild plants and the floristic characteristics
LIU Bo, LIU Guanzhi, LIU Guohou, JIN Rong, CHENG Xinghua
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (3): 44-52.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.03.06
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【Objective】According to the adjusted List of National Key Protected Wild Plants,the species distributed in Inner Mongolia were statistically sorted out to form a list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia,providing guidance and services for the protection of wild plants in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】According to the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants approved and released by the State Council on August 7,2021,the list of national key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia was organized in accordance with the region′s current plant distribution. The floristic geographical components were studied using floristic research techniques.【Results】A list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia was formed,including 47 species of national key protected wild plants,belonging to 26 families and 37 genera. Among them,there were 1 species of algae,2 species of fungi,1 species of bryophytes,1 species of gymnosperms,and 42 species of angiosperms. Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. and Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. were the only two species of wild plants under national first-class protection;the others were under national secondary protection. The families with the largest number of species in angiosperms were Poaceae and Orchidaceae,both of which were 7 species. And the genera with the largest number of species were Cypripedium L. and Elymus L.,both of which were 5 species. The life forms of spermatophyte were mainly perennial herbs,with a total of 28 species. And the ecotype was dominated by mesophytes,with a total of 23 species. The floristic geographical distribution of species included 8 types and 5 sub-types,most of which were North East Asian distribution species,gobi distribution species and pan-Arctic distribution species. There were 3 endemic or nearly endemic genus in Inner Mongolia,including Tetraena Maxim., Potaninia Maxim. and Tugarinovia Iljin,and 11 endemic or nearly endemic species in Mongolian plateau.【Conclusion】The newly formed list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia reflected the conservation status of wild plant in Inner Mongolia,as well as the background and characteristics of Inner Mongolia flora.
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Effects of different straw returning methods on soil structure and water physical characteristics in the irrigation area of Tumechuan plain
ZHANG Qingwang, SUN Jiyin, GAO Julin, LIU Jian, ZHANG Yuezhong, YU Xiaofang, WANG Zhigang, HU Shuping, BAO Haizhu, HUANG Zhiyuan
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (2): 9-17.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.02.02
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【Objective】Analyze the impact of various maize straw returning modes on soil physical characteristics,and determine the best method for returning maize straw to the field.【Methods】In a single factor random block design maize variety Xianyu 335 was used to set up five different straw returning modes:conventional farming(CK),deep ploughing straw returning(DPR),subsoiling straw returning(SSR),straw mulching no tillage(NTR),and straw mulching strip deep rotation(SCR). The effects of the different methods on soil physical characteristics and yield were investigated.【Results】From 2019 to 2021,compare with the CK,the soil bulk density of DPR and SSR treatments decreased by 4.9%-8.5%. The soil porosity increased by 2.9-5.2 percentage points. The content of water stable aggregates over 0.25 mm in soil increased by 18.1-19.2 percentage points. The soil structure was improved. The field water capacity increased by 2.6-5.6 percentage points. The water infiltration resistance decreased,and the cumulative infiltration increased. The soil water content improved during the maize peak water demand period and yield increased. The average yield for DPR and SSR treatment was 12.6 and 12.3 t/hm 2 in three years. Increased by 19.7% and 17.5% compared with CK.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing and subsoiling straw returning effectively improved soil physical characteristics,increased soil water storage capacity and boosted maize yield.
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Research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn fruit
XIONG Qingshan, WEI Dingyi, WEN Yaya, CHEN Qing, LIU Lianrong, LONG Chunhong, HAN Chao, DAI Xiaohua
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2024, 52 (3): 57-63.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.03.06
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Sea buckthorn is widely planted in the northwest region of China,and its fruit contains abundant phenolic compounds,sugars,vitamins,etc. It has antioxidant and anti-aging,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor,skin health and other effects. As a medicinal and edible plant,sea buckthorn fruit is used in industries such as food,medicine,agriculture,and animal husbandry. The article provides an overview of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn fruit,aiming to lay the foundation for further exploration and utilization of sea buckthorn fruit resources.
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Research on crop planting structure extraction methods based on GF-6 images
BAO Junwei, Wulantuya , CHE Youwei, LIU Zhaohui, LIU Zhaoxia
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 112-121.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.14
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【Objective】Mining domestic satellite image data information to rapidly and accurately obtain the types of crop planting structures,to provide references for optimizing agricultural production layout.【Methods】 The random forest algorithm model was used in combination with sample data to analyze the importance of spectral features,vegetation index features,and texture features of the images. The optimal feature combinations based on GF-6 images were acquired by evaluating classification accuracy. The selected features were then used in object-oriented classification research(with smoothness of 0.5 and compactness of 0.3 as parameters and 10 as steps,setting a total of 11 different segmentation scales ranging from 40 to 140),to obtain the spatial distribution of the main crop planting structure in the research area.【Results】The GVI,EVI,Nir,GI,GNDVI,and Green features obtained by feature optimization method could effectively reduce data redundancy in crop classification and improve classification efficiency. Among the 11 segmentation scales set in the research area farmland,the optimal segmentation scale was 100. The segmentation results retained the integrity of the plot and reflected the heterogeneity of different crop types. The classification accuracy based on object-oriented classification method reached 96.2%,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.944,which was 5.3 percentage points higher than pixel based classification accuracy.【Conclusion】Using domestically produced GF-6 images as the data source and employing the feature optimization object-oriented classification method could effectively improve classification accuracy and serve as an effective means for crop planting structure monitoring.

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Effects of density-sowing date coupling of Cyperus esculeutus on soil enzyme activities
DONG Qi, CAO Ziqi, ZHANG Xiangqian, REN Yongfeng, HOU Zhihui, MU Zhongjie, ZHAO Xiaoqing, LU Zhanyuan
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (1): 25-32.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.04
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【Objective】To investigate the changing of soil enzyme activity in central Inner Mongolia when density-sowing date coupling of Cyperus esculentus.【Methods】The experiment was carried out with a split plot group design. With a total of 16 treatments,the primary treatment was sowing date(S1:April 30,S2:May 10,S3:May 20,S4:May 30),while the secondary treatment was density(D1:60 000 plants/hm 2,D2:90 000 plants/hm 2,D3:120 000 plants/hm 2,D4:150 000 plants/hm 2). The yields of the 16 treatments,as well as the changes of soil urease,catalase,alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activity were all analyzed.【Results】Soil enzyme activities increased gradually with increasing density under S1,S2,S3 sowing date. Under the same density,other soil enzyme activities,except urease activity,increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date,and the distribution trend of different enzyme activities was slightly different. Under the density-sowing date coupling,soil urease activity peaked at 9.81 mg/(g·24 h)in S4D4. S3D4 had the highest soil catalase activity of 38.20 mg/(g·24 h)and the highest soil sucrase activity of 52.02 mg/(g·24 h). S3D4 had significantly higher( P<0.05)soil alkaline phosphatase activity than the other treatments,which was 0.45 mg/(g·24 h). The yield of Cyperus esculentus increased as density grew at the same sowing date,and increased first,then reduced if the sowing date was delayed at the same density. The yield of S3D4 was 16 333.42 kg/hm 2,which was significantly higher( P<0.05)than the yield of the other treatments.【Conclusion】When Cyperus esculentus was sown on May 20 in central Inner Mongolia at a density of 150 000 plants/hm 2,the soil enzyme activity was at its peak,and the yield increased dramatically.
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Effects of amino-oligosaccharin on leaf defense enzyme activity and yield of mung bean
CHEN Wenjin, ZHAO Cunhu, HE Xiaoyong, FAN Yafang, ZHANG Ziqiang, KONG Qingquan, YANG Yongxing, BAO Linzhi, ZHANG Xiongfei, XIE Shujuan
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2022, 50 (3): 17-26.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.03.03
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【Objective】To analyse the impact of various amino-oligosaccharide treatments on mung bean growth.【Methods】The effects of amino-oligosaccharides on the activities of the mung bean defense enzymes(SOD,POD,and PPO),as well as SPAD value and yield,were compared and analyzed using an orthogonal experiment with three factors and five levels,including seed soaking concentration(A),spraying concentration(B),and spraying period(C).【Results】In comparison to the other two treatments,the effect of seed soaking concentration(A)on SOD activity,POD activity,and SPAD value of mung bean leaves was higher. Spraying concentration(B)had a marginally higher impact than the other two treatments on the PPO activity of mung bean leaves. Under different levels of each factor,seed soaking concentration A3 had the highest yield of 2 050.83 kg/hm 2,spraying concentration B4 had the highest yield of 1 989.17 kg/hm 2 and spraying period C3 had the highest yield of 1 931.67 kg/hm 2.【Conclusion】Among the diffrent treatments,seed soaking concentration had the highest effect on the yield of mung bean,followed by the spraying concentration and spraying period. The optimal treatment combination for yield was A3B4C3,with seed soaking concentration at 0.4 g/100 mL,spraying concentration at 1.8 g/L,and spraying twice in the full flowering stage.
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Analysis of the research progress on crop pests and diseases identification based on Bibliometrics
JIN Qingting, HUANG Hongxing, JIANG Shun
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (4): 122-134.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.15
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【Objective】To grasp the research progress on crop pests and diseases identification.【Methods】Using the literature on crop pests and diseases identification from Web of Science(WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases as data sources,statistical analysis and bibliometric methods were used to analyze the research situation in the field of crop pests and diseases identification during 2000 to 2022 from the perspectives of literature publication volume,publication country,publication institution,research scholars,and research hotspots.【Results】2 214 English literature related to crop pests and diseases identification were retrieved. Since 2014,the publication volume increased continuously. The publication volume during 2014 to 2022 accounted for 85.0% of the total publication volume. 2 390 Chinese literature were retrieved,with a steady increase in publication volume from 2000 to 2012. After 2013,despite large fluctuations,there was an overall upward trend.China and the United States accounted for 41.3% of the total publication volume on crop pests and diseases identification research.In terms of collaboration and communication,China had close research collaboration with the United States and some Asian and European countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences(90 publications) had the highest English literature publication volume,while the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center(47 publications)had the highest Chinese literature publication volume.HUANG Wenjiang had significant research results both domestically and internationally(45 publications). The main international research hotspots in the field of crop pests and diseases identification were the establishment of identification models and data acquisition.Domestic research hotspots underwent a transformation from manual recognition through expert systems to model optimization.【Conclusion】The current research momentum on crop pests and diseases identification domestically and internationally are still strong,with different research focuses.Intentionally,the research systems in model optimization and data acquisition methods are relatively mature. But there are still huge developmental potentials that can be excavated. Domestically,the research on intelligent recognition started relatively late but developed rapidly. In the future,the application of deep learning new algorithms may become a new research hotspot in the field of crop pets and diseases identification.

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The effects of reduced chemical fertilizer application on the growth and fruit quality of facility watermelon
MENG Jiali, SHEN Hong, WU Shaojun, YANG Nianfu, YU Xiang, ZHANG Lijie
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (3): 84-90.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.03.11
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【Objective】Study the effects of reduced chemical fertilizer application on the growth and fruit quality of facility watermelon,to seek for the optimal fertilization plan.【Methods】Taking Qianli No.4 as the research object,five fertilizer gradient treatments were designed,including conventional fertilization(CK),10% chemical fertilizer reduction(T1 treatment),20% chemical fertilizer reduction(T2 treatment),30% chemical fertilizer reduction(T3 treatment) and 40% chemical fertilizer reduction(T4 treatment). During the growth period of watermelon,growth indexes such as plant extension days,pollination days,and fruit setting nodes were investigated. After fruit maturation,quality indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit longtitudinal and transverse diameter,peel thickness,and sugar content as well as the yield were measure.【Results】The pollination days of the T3 treatment were 65.67 d,significantly different with CK( P<0.05). The edge sugar content of the T1 treatment was 9.40%. With the decrease of chemical fertilizer application,the sugar content of watermelon showed decreasing trend. The central sugar content of T2 treatment decreased significantly( P<0.05) in comparison with CK. The edge sugar content in T4 decreased to 7.87%,significantly different( P<0.05) with CK. Compared with CK,reduced chemical fertilizer application decreased the peel thickness of watermelon. T1 treatment had the highest watermelon yield of 39.98 t/hm 2 while T4 treatment had the lowest watermelon yield of 33.49 t/hm 2. The yield of the different treatment had no significant difference( P>0.05). Fertilizer factor was positively correlated with peel thickness and edge sugar content,with correlation coefficients of 0.62 and 0.59,respectively. The higher the fertilizer application rate,the thicker the fruit peel and the higher the edge sugar content.【Conclusion】Without affecting the growth and the fruit quality of watermelon,reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer in the base fertilizer appropriately could achieve the goal of reducing fertilizer while improving efficiency. Taking into account the growth indexes,fruit quality indicators,and yield of watermelon,10% chemical fertilizer reduction(Basal application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 675 kg/hm 2) was optimal.
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Creation and application of new cotton varieties with early maturity,high yield,good fibre quality,high adversity resistance and suitability for mechanization
WU Liqiang, WANG Xingfen, ZHANG Yan, KE Huifeng, LIU Sujuan, LI Zhikun, XU Dongyong, YANG Jun, SUN Zhengwen, GU Qishen, CHEN Bin, WANG Hongzhe, LU Huaiyu, ZHANG Guiyin, MA Zhiying
Journal of Northern Agriculture    2023, 51 (6): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.06.01
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In response to the urgent demand for mechanization,lightened and simplified cotton production management,as well as the breeding difficulties of collaborative improvement and enhancement of plant architecture,early maturity,yield,fibre quality,and disease resistance for cotton varieties,research on new variety development with the early maturity,high yield,good fibre quality and suitability for mechanization and coordinative cultivation techniques were carried out. Breeding technologies of synchronous improvement of early maturity,density resistance,lodging resistance and suitability for mechanization were established with “two modifications,two increases,and four selections”. Ten elite breeding parent materials were produced. A total of 633 SNP loci associated with 14 traits were determined,including flowering period,Verticillium wilt resistance,boll weight,lint percentage,fibre length,fibre strength and so on. Twenty-six KASP markers with lower cost and higher throughput were developed for breeding selection of fibre quality and Verticillium wilt resistance. Twelve key genes regulating early maturity,fibre quality,adversity resistance and seed germination were discovered. And their expression patterns in different varieties were documented. Using the elite breeding parent materials,breeding techniques,and developed molecular markers,four new varieties including Jinongda 23,Jinongdamian 24,Jinongdamian 25 and Jinongda 36 were bred with early maturity,high yield,good fibre quality and suitability for mechanization. New breakthroughs were made in improving mechanical characteristics such as compact plant architecture,early maturity,concentrated boll opening,and synergistic enhancement with high yield,good fibre quality and disease resistance. Simple,labor saving,and efficient supporting techniques with “one-hole-one-seed machinery sowing,expanding the number of bolls in the population,chemical regulation in whole growing season and pruning-free,and concentrated harvesting in cotton fields” were created for mechanical harvesting. By combining science,enterprises and application,demonstration bases with strong representatives,wide coverage,and strong driving force were established,leading the large-scale production and application of new varieties,with an income increase of 2 700-3 000 yuan per hectare and 60-75 labor saving,significantly reducing costs and increase efficiency.
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ISSN 2096-1197
CN 15-1375/S
CODEN BNXEAR
chief editor: LU Zhanyuan
Responsible Unit: Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
Sponsor Unit: Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
Editing Unit: Editorial Department of Journal of Northern Agriculture
Address: Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,22 Zhaojun Road,Hohhot,China
E-mail: bfnyxb@126.com