Millet has the value of diet therapy and medicinal use.This paper gives an overview of the nutritional components such as protein,fat,starch,dietary fiber,vitamins,minerals and the bioactive substances such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,yellow pigments,sterols in millet,and analyzes the special nutritional components,functions and development and application of millet,with the aim providing reference for better mining the comprehensive value of millet and utilizing millet resources.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,also known as yam,is a traditional medicinal and edible crop. Chinese yam polysaccharides are the main active substances in yam,which have effects such as lowering blood sugar,regulating immunity,antioxidation,and anti-tumor. The article summarizes the extraction methods of Chinese yam polysaccharides,discusses the biological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides,and its research was prospected. In order to provide reference for promoting the production and application of Chinese yam polysaccharides.

Phytoplasma is a kind of single-celled prokaryotes parceled by biofilm,without cell wall and similar to plant pathogenic bacteria. Its host include plants and insects. Phytoplasma has highly transmission and has a widely action range,which can cause systemic diseases in various plants and leading to abnormal growth and development,and even death. The article provides an overview of the characteristics,transmission pathway,distribution,and disease symptoms of phytoplasma,summarizes the prevention and control methods of phytoplasma,and looks forward to its future research focus,aiming to provide reference for ensuring the healthy development of agriculture.

【Objective】To establish an efficient extraction method for solanine from potato peel,explore the application value and prospect of potato peel in plant-derived pesticides,and provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive utilization of solanine as a plant-derived pesticide.【Methods】Potato peel was used as the experimental material. Ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method,acid enzyme solution extraction method,ultrasound-assisted extraction method,and acid water extraction method,four extraction methods for main component of solanine were compared and optimized. Single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken experimental design from response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction methods. The ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was optimized for solanine extraction.【Results】 Among the four extraction methods,the extraction efficiency from high to low was ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method > acid enzyme solution extraction method > ultrasound-assisted extraction method > acid water extraction method. Among them,the content of solanine extract by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was the highest,with α-chaconine at 8.949 mg/g DW and α-solanine at 8.058 mg/g DW,the extraction rate reached 0.850%. Based on the response surface analysis,the optimized regression equation model was established（ Y _{Total content}=2.64-0.56× A-0.31× B+0.20× C+0.19× AB-0.11× AC+0.53× BC-0.74× A ²-0.59× B ²-0.50× C ²）. With the maximum total content as the optimization objective,the optimal conditions were predicted to be enzyme amount at 1.30%,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1.35 h,and ethanol volume fraction of 70.40%. Under these conditions,the actual total content of solanine extract was 3.149 mg/g DW,the difference with the predicted total content of 2.814 mg/g DW was within 5%,confirming a good correlation between the predicted value and experimental values.【Conclusion】The method of extracting solanine from potato peel by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was established for the first time.The optimal extraction method obtained by response surface analysis optimization is reasonable,and the extraction efficiency of this method is higher,which can be used for industrial extraction of solanine.

【Objective】To screen for high-yield and high-quality new peanut varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】With 19 newly introduced Huayu series of peanut varieties as the test materials,major agronomic trait were investigated,and yield traits,quality traits were determined. Variability,correlation,gray correlation degree and cluster analysis were performed for all tested varieties.【Results】The main stem height,lateral branch length,number of pod branch,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield of the tested varieties（ P<0.05）,the correlation coefficients were 0.518,0.509,0.508,0.646 and 0.649,respectively. The top 5 rank of grey correlation degree were main stem height>lateral branch length>100-pod weight>number of pod branch>100-kernel weight. In the cluster analysis,the overall traits of the class I were better,the main stem height,lateral branch length,total number of branch,number of pod branch,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight,single plant productivity and yield were higher than those of the other three classes.【Conclusion】The main stem height,lateral branch length,100-pod weight,number of pod branch,100-kernel weight have a great influence on peanut yield,and can be used as reference indicators for peanut introduction screening and high-yield breeding.

Oats exhibit a wealth of carbohydrates,soluble dietary fiber,proteins,lipids,phenolic compounds,alkaloids,vitamins,and minerals. Among these,avenanthramide are compounds exclusively found in oats. This paper primarily reviewed the research progress related to nomenclature,classification,extraction methods,synthesis,content enhancement,structure-activity and antioxidant activity,as well as the bioavailability,and physiological activity of avenanthramide. It prospected the functional value of avenanthramide in food health and clinical medicine,as well as the optimization of chemical synthesis processes,aiming to offer insights for the development and utilization of avenanthramide.

【Objective】Study the relevant nutrients of tomato sensory quality evaluation to establish a simple model for the determination of tomato sensory quality.【Methods】19 tomato varieties were tested for 8 nutrients，and 5 sensory evaluation indexes were investigated by questionnaires. Correlation analysis，principal component analysis （PCA） and regression analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】Except zinc，7 of the 8 nutrients had correlation coefficients greater than 0.300 with sensory quality. The correlation coefficients between soluble solid and score，vote，taste，aroma intensity，pulp texture，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes were greater than 0.400，and the correlations were stable and prominent. Soluble sugar was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with score，vote，taste and aroma intensity in large tomatoes，while the correlation were not obvious in cherry tomatoes. Water content was negatively correlated with score，vote，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes. Principal component analysis summarized the 11 evaluation indicators into 3 principal components，with an accumulated variance contribution rate of 74.939%. A simple model was obtained through multivariate linear regression analysis：tomato sensory quality predicted score =93.039-0.304 × vitamin C content -0.179 × lycopene content -0.621 × iron content +2.314 × soluble solid content -1.585 × titratable acid content.【Conclusion】A rapid，simple and quantitative determination model of tomato sensory quality based on nutrients was established.

【Objective】To understand the current situation of garden plant resources and application in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City.【Methods】A survey of 10 artificial plant communities in park green spaces of Yuzhou district,Yulin City were conducted. The species resources and application of garden plants were statistically analyzed.【Results】There were 76 families,177 genera,and 261 species of garden plants in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City,including 1 fern,8 gymnosperms and 252 angiosperms （consisting of 169 dicotyledonous plants and 83 monocotyledonous plants）. The dominant garden plant families were Palmae,Moraceae,Bambusoideae,Euphorbiaceae,Myrtaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. There were 105,84,4,and 68 species of trees,shrubs,woody climber,and herbs. Woody plants were mainly evergreen plants,and herbaceous plants were mainly perennial plants. A total of 19 hydrophytes and phreatophytes were found. There were 177,147,83,22,and 23 species of ornamental flower,foliage, fruit,stem,and aromatic plants,respectively.【Conclusion】The garden plant species in park green spaces of Yuzhou District,Yulin City were abundant. The dominant families of garden plants were mainly plants with tropical and subtropical origins. Evergreen trees were widely used. Garden plants were mainly ornamental flower,foliage and fruit plants.

【Objective】To identify and analyze the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase（CRK） gene family members of Gossypium hirsutum,and provide genetic resources and theoretical basis for cotton Verticillium wilt resistance breeding.【Methods】According to the results of whole genome sequencing,the GhCRK gene family in the Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 genome was identified using bioinformatics methodologies,analyses were conducted on protein physicochemical properties,chromosomal localization and genetic evolution. Furthermore,gene expression data were employed to potential Verticillium wilt resistance genes,and the resistance function of candidate gene was assessed through virus induced gene silencing（VIGS） technology.【Results】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Nongdamian 8 harbored a total of fifty GhCRKs,distributed across fourteen chromosomes. These length of the encoded protein was 390 to 1 774 amino acid residues,resulting in diverse molecular weights spanning from 43.15 kDa to 196.66 kDa,the average isoelectric point was observed at 6.94. The majority of GhCRKs were predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Protein domain analysis showed that 90 % of GhCRKs（45） contained two Stress-antifung domains. The promoter regions of GhCRKs encompassed seven cis-acting elements relating to responsiveness to plant hormones,including methyl jasmonate,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,et al. Fourteen GhCRKs exhibited up regulation expression in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. Following the silencing of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33, Gossypium hirsutum exhibited exacerbated symptoms of Verticillium wilt and a significantly higher disease index.【Conclusion】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 contains a substantial number of CRKs,among which 14 hold potential as significant candidate genes for Verticillium wilt resistance. Additionally,the role of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33 in Verticillium wilt resistance has been further elucidated.

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization，lodging resistance，harvest index，etc. By altering cell division and elongation，phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes，modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones（GA₃，IAA，BR），in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） priming treatments on the seeds germination and seedling growth of sugar beet,aiming to provide reference for the screening of sugar beet seed initiators.【Methods】Using the domestically bred sugar beet variety NT39106 as the experimental material,GA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L）,MT（50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L） and SA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L） priming treatments were applied for 8 h,with untreated seeds as the control（CK）. Seeds germination and seedling growth parameters of sugar beet were analyzed for each treatment.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sugar beet seeds under different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） treatments were significantly higher than those of the CK（ P<0.05）. With the increase of the concentration of the three initiators,the promoting effects on sugar beet seed germination exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Among them,the treatment with 100 mg/L GA demonstrated the best results,and the germination potential and germination rate were up to 91.00% and 93.67%,respectively,followed by the SA treatment,both surpassing the MT treatment. Compared with CK,different concentrations of GA,MT（except for the 300 μmol/L treatment） and SA treatments markedly increased the average bud length and fresh weight of sugar beet seedlings,particularly with the 100 mg/L GA treatment,which resulted in average bud length and fresh weight of 5.43 cm and 0.37 g/10 plants,respectively.【Conclusion】Priming sugar beet seeds with 100 mg/L gibberellin（GA）resulted in better germination performance and remarkably promoted seedling growth.

【Objective】To clarify the influence of pesticide types and residues on Xinjiang pepper,and explore the types and risk levels of pesticide residues in Xinjiang pepper.【Methods】52 samples from 9 counties（cities） in Xinjiang in 2023 were taken as research objects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect pesticides residues in peppers. Acute and chronic dietary intake risk analysis were conducted to evaluate the level of harm of detected pesticide residues to pepper quality and safety.【Results】A total of 29 kinds of residual pesticides were detected in 52 samples,including 4 kinds of restricted and prohibited pesticides.The chronic dietary intake risk（%ADI） value of all pesticide residues was 0.000 000 01%-0.001 425 60%,and the acute dietary intake risk（%ARfD） value was 0.007 613 333%-19.820 044 440%,which was much lower than 100%. It indicated that the chronic and acute dietary risks of pesticide residues were extremely low and at a safe level. According to the analysis of the pesticide residue risk index,there were no high-risk samples among the 52 samples,only 4 medium risk samples,and the rest of the samples were at low risk level or below.【Conclusion】The overall risk of pesticide residue in Xinjiang pepper is relatively low,and the quality and safety situation is generally good,but it is still necessary to strengthen the standardized use and control of pesticides in the future.

【Objective】To explore the changes in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and mirobial community under continuous cropping of spinach.【Methods】The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of spinach planted for 1 year （1Y） and continuously planted for 2 years（2Y） were measured,and the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using PacBio full-length diversity sequencing. The changes in bacterial and fungal microbial communities in the 2Y and 1Y soils were compared,and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities was studied using redundancy analysis.【Results】Highly significant changes in soil physicochemical properties after continuous cropping（ P<0.05）,and the pH value and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,organic matter,and microbial biomass carbon were significantly higher in the 2Y soil than in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）,the electrical conductivity and the contents of total potassium,available potassium,and nitrate nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the 1Y soil（ P<0.05）. The redundancy analysis showed that the total potassium was the main factor influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial communities under spinach continuous cropping. The microbial community of the 2Y soil Chao1 index,Richness index,Shannon index,and ACE index were higher than those of 1Y soil. Among which pathogen related to carbon and nitrogen cycle,cellulose degradation,pesticides and plastic degradation and Fusarium associated pathogen content increased significantly in 2Y soil（ P<0.05）,while the content of Lysobacter biocontrol bacteria with antagonistic activity was significantly decreased（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil of spinach under 2Y continuous planting showed significant changes in physicochemical properties,with an increase of pathogen content and a decrease of biocontrol bacteria content.

【Objective】Clarify the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality and screen for excellent varieties of taste type tomatoes，to provide references for constructing quality evaluation systems of taste type tomatoes.【Methods】Using 17 taste type tomato varieties as experiment materials，10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality were tested. Factor analysis，stepwise regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to screen for the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality. The quality of taste type tomatoes were then comprehensively evaluated.【Results】The variation of aromatic substance content was the largest among the 10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality，with a variation coefficient of 66.49%. With a variation coefficient of 9.56%，the variation of fruit vertical diameter was the smallest. The comprehensive quality analysis of the 10 indexes obtained 3 common factors，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.267%. The explanatory indexes were fruit soluble solids content，reducing sugar content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content，sugar-acid ratio and titratable acid content. According to the correlation between indexes，and the principle of easy to use and avoiding information overlap，four indexes of fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio were selected as the representative indexes to evaluate the quality traits of taste type tomatoes. Using common factor scores and variance contribution rates，the comprehensive quality ranking of the varieties were calculated，and 7 high-quality taste type tomato varieties were selected.【Conclusion】Fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio could be used as representative indexes to evaluate taste type tomatoes. The quality traits of Hangfengaotang，700，1933，Meidai，2001，Tianlian and Jingfan No.1 were better.

【Objective】Clarify the effects of planting densities on the agronomic traits and yield of broad beans,to explore the optimal planting density of broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In 2022 and 2023,using Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 broad beans as experiment materials and randomized block design,five planting densities, D1（90 000 plants/hm ²）,D2（120 000 plants/hm ²）,D3（150 000 plants/hm ²）,D4（180 000 plants/hm ²）,and D5（210 000 plants/hm ²） were set up to analyze the effects of different planting densities on the main agronomic traits,yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans.【Results】The plant height of broad beans had increasing trend with the increase of planting densities,while the total number of branches and effective branch number per plant had decreasing trend. With the increase of planting densities,the main yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans had the trends of first increase and then decrease. The performance of different planting densities were：D4>D3>D5>D2>D1. Under D4 treatment,the yield of Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 were highest at 2 089.74,2 210.66 kg/hm ² in 2022 and 2 152.15,2 249.66 kg/hm ² in 2023,the net income were highest as well at 13 439.76,14 478.16 yuan/hm ² in 2022 and 13 947.97,14 739.54 yuan/hm ² in 2023.【Conclusion】The optimal planting density for broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia was 180 000 plants/hm ². Under this density,the agronomic traits of broad bean performed well,the yield and economic benefits were the best.

【Objective】To explore the effect and regularity of meteorological factors on the growth and yield of sorghum.【Methods】Taking meteorological factors from different years in the planting area of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia as the main factor,experiments were conducted for three consecutive years using sorghum varieties Liaonian No. 3 and Liaoza 37 as materials. The effects of meteorological factors on plant height,LAI,dry matteraccumulation,grain weight per panicle,1 000-grain weight,yield of sorghum in each growing stages were studied by correlation analysis and grey relation analysis,and the key meteorological factors were revealed.【Results】The growth period of seedling-emerging stage has a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature（ P<0.05） and an extremely significant negative correlation with average sunshine hours（ P<0.01）,the growth period of emerging-flowering stage has a significantly negative correlation with average sunshine hours（ P<0.01）,and the whole growth period had a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature（ P<0.05）. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between the growth rate of LAI and rainfall from 10 d to 60 d after emergence（ P<0.01）,There was a significant positive correlation between the growth rate of plant height from 10 d to 70 d after emergence and accumulated temperature（ P<0.01）,There was a significant positive correlation between accumulation rate of dry matter accumulation and sunshine hours at seedling-jointing stage（ P<0.05）,at jointing-flowering stage it was significantly positive correlated with accumulated temperature（ P<0.05）,at 40 days after flowering it was significantly positively correlated with accumulated temperature and sunshine hours（ P<0.05）. The results of grey correlation degree analysis showed that the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on grain weight per panicle were the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period,the daily average temperature before flowering,and the effective accumulated temperature before flowering;and the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on the 1 000-grain weight were the daily average temperature before flowering,the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period and the effective accumulated temperature before flowering;The three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on yield were the effective accumulated temperature after flowering,the daily average temperature during growth period and the daily average temperature after flowering.【Conclusion】The key meteorological factors affecting the growth period,plant height,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight per panicle,1 000-grain weight and yield of each growing stage,of sorghum were different. The key meteorological factors affecting each index could be fully utilized in production,such as adjusting the sowing date or other measures to change the growth expectation of sorghum.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different mixed sowing proportions of hairy vetch and oat on crop yield,soil enzyme activity and microbial communities in the agricultural dry-crop areas at the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using hairy vetch and oat as experimental objects,six treatments were set up,namely,single sowing of hairy vetch（DB1）,single sowing of oat（DB2）,80% hairy vetch+ 20% oat（HB1）,60% hairy vetch+40% oat（HB2）,40% hairy vetch+60% oat（HB3）,and 20% hairy vetch+80% oat（HB3）. Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in the early,middle,and late stages of growth,respectively. The effects on crop yield,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content were analyzed,and changes in soil microbial community diversity and structure were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology.【Results】HB1,HB2,HB3 treatments were 1%-11% higher than DB1 treatment for the relative grain yield of hairy vetch,and 3%-25% higher than DB2 treatment for the relative grain yield of oat. During the mid growth stage in the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared with DB1 and DB2 treatments,HB2 treatment soil catalase activity significantly increased by 9.65% and 11.55% （ P<0.05）,respectively,and sucrase activity significantly increased by 11.47% and 15.44%（ P<0.05）,HB1 treatment increased urease activity by 8.07% and 19.41%（ P<0.05）,respectively;HB2 treatment had the highest microbial biomass carbon content,while HB1 treatment had the highest microbial biomass nitrogen content,at 95.79 and 21.02 mg/kg,respectively. Compared with the DB2 treatment,the HB2 treatment soil bacterial OTU index was significantly increased by 15.79%（ P<0.05）,the Shannon index increased by 5.41%;Compared with DB1 treatment,HB2 treatment increased fungal OTU index by 33.58%（ P<0.05）,Shannon index increased by 36.50%,and Chao1 index increased by 6.56%. At the phylum level,HB2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Mortierellomycota,while decreasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota,Acidobacteriota,Ascomycota,and Basidiomycota.【Conclusion】The mixed sowing treatment of 60% hairy vetch +40% oat is a suitable proportion for agricultural dry-crop areas in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains,Inner Mongolia. Under this treatment,crop grain yield is the highest,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content are higher,and soil bacterial and fungal diversity,richness,and relative abundance of beneficial bacterial phyla are all increased.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on potato yield in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,providing a reference for potato cultivation in this region.【Methods】Five treatments were established,application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer（NPK）,NPK+liquid fertilizer（NPK+LM）,NPK+granular fertilizer（NPK+GM）,NPK+sheep dung fertilizer（NPK+SM）,and NPK+bio-organic fertilizer（NPK+BM）. The impact of these treatments on potato yield and its components,growth indicators,nutrient uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants,soil water use efficiency,and nutrient content in the plow layer soil were analyzed.【Results】The NPK+BM treatment resulted in the highest potato yield,commercial tuber yield,number of commercial tubers,individual tuber weight,and commercial tuber rate,which were 30.83 t/hm ²,20.34 t/hm ²,84 700 tubers/hm ²,162.86 g/tuber,and 65.96%,respectively;during the tuber bulking stage,the plant height and leaf area index of potatoes were the highest,at 82.89 cm and 8.06,respectively,showing significant differences compared to the NPK treatment（ P<0.05）;at harvest stage,the dry matter accumulation in the stems,leaves,and tubers of potatoes were the highest,at 75.51,67.36,and 145.81 g/plant,respectively;at harvest stage,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by plants,at 296.83,36.09,and 285.92 kg/hm ²,respectively. The NPK+LM treatment had the highest water use efficiency,at 128.95 kg/（hm ²·mm）,followed by the NPK+BM treatment,at 113.87 kg/（hm ²·mm）. The NPK+BM treatment had the highest soil fast-acting potassium content of 137.33 mg/kg,and higher soil effective phosphorus,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and organic matter content of 25.53 mg/kg,88.68 mg/kg,and 22.95 g/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The NPK+bio-organic fertilizer treatment can effectively promote the growth and development of potatoes,and enhance nutrient uptake efficiency,increase yield,playing a positive role in maintaining soil health. It can be considered a more suitable combination of organic fertilizers to partially replace chemical fertilizers in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021，four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County and Dongyang Town，Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design，the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County，Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits，strong photosynthetic characteristics，high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles，and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9（CK），respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town，Yuci District，the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage，while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806（CK），the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%，respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length，but positively correlated with ear length，number of grains per ear，100-grain weight，and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30，Dika 159，and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

【Objective】Analyze the total amount,intensity and decoupling effect of agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province,to provide references for the high-quality development of agriculture and formulation of emission reduction policies in Henan Province.【Methods】Taking Henan Province as the research object and generalized agriculture as the research perspective,the carbon emission coefficient method,intensity calculation formula and Tapio decoupling model were used to calculate the total agricultural carbon emissions,intensity and decoupling elasticity coefficient of Henan Province from 2011 to 2020,and the corresponding temporal-spatial characteristics were analyzed.【Results】The primary sources of agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province were mainly consists of CH ₄,N ₂O and chemical fertilizer. The total agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province can be divided into three temporal stages：steady growth period,rapid decline period,and volatility trend decline period and six types of spatial regions：“high-steady”“high-volatility”“medium-steady”“medium-volatility”“low-steady” and“low-volatility”. The agricultural carbon emission intensity in Henan Province,can be divided into two temporal stages：accelerated decline period and fluctuating decline period,as well as three types of spatial regions：convergent decline type,accelerated decline type and back-end rise type. The decoupling effect of agricultural carbon emissions can be classified into three temporal stages：weak decoupling,strong decoupling,and repeated conversion,and three spatial types：economic development and ecological environment good relationship region,stable relationship region and poor relationship region.【Conclusion】Henan Province has made outstanding achievements in agricultural emission reductions. The relationship between agricultural development and ecological environment gradually improved,but lacking stability. The carbon emission characteristics of livestock and poultry industry was strong correlated with agricultural carbon emission characteristics in Henan Province. And there were regional differences in the total amount,intensity and decoupling effect of agricultural carbon emissions. Based on the above analysis,following suggestions were proposed：enriching the carbon emission reduction policy system of livestock and poultry industry,formulating regionally targeted agricultural carbon emission reduction policies,and institutional reform and technological innovation going hand in hand.

【Objective】To clarify the phylogenetic relationship and diversity of Morchella esculents germplasm resources,and to provide reference for the selection and breeding of new varieties adapted to the cultivation in the western region of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】8 Morchella esculents strains（A3,Zhao′erliu,Yangguifei,Jinqiu,DY008,A Lu,001 and Neishilin）were used as experimental materials,ISSR molecular marker technology was used to perform cluster analysis and genetic diversity comparison on 8 strains of Morchella esculents.【Results】Eight Morchella esculents strains were detected by PCR using 100 ISSR primers,12 ISSR primers were selected,and 76 DNA bands were amplified. There were 59 effective bands,and the polymorphism ratio was 75.83%. The gene diversity index （ H） was 0.206 6,and Shannon′s information index（ I） was 0.330 0. The maximal variation of genetic distance was 1.072 6. When the GS value was about 0.38,the strains were divided into 5 groups.【Conclusion】There was significant genetic variability among the tested Morchella esculents strains.

【Objective】Identify the age of Gobio huanghensis,analyze its growth characteristics,to enrich the biological research data of Gobio huanghensis in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.【Methods】 Gobio huanghensis samples were collected in 7 stations located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Gansu Province. Otoliths were used as age identification materials. Four models,Von Bertalanffy growth formula（VBGF）,Logistic growth formula（Logistic GF）,Gompertz growth formula（Gompertz GF）,and Power exponential growth formula（Power exponential GF）were selected to simulate the body length growth of Gobio huanghensis. The model parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. And the fitting effects of the models were evaluated by calculating the AIC values to determine the optimal growth model for Gobio huanghensis.【Results】A total of 550 Gobio huanghensis samples were collected,and divided into 5 age groups of 1 to 5 years of age. Among them the 2-year age group had the highest number of 351 samples. Body length ranged from 2.60 to 17.41 cm. Body weight ranged from 0.18 to 99.39 g. For the Gobio huanghensis simulating results of the 4 models,Gomportz GF growth model had the lowest AIC value（4.99）and the best simulating effect,followed by Logistic GF（14.58）,and VBGF（16.29）growth model,while Power exponential GF growth model had the highest AIC value（82.42）and the worst simulating effect. The Gobio huanghensis Gomportz GF growth model was described as： L_t=18.81×exp{-exp[-0.66×（ t_i-1.73）]}.【Conclusion】Gompertz GF growth model was the most suitable growth model for Gobio huanghensis in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.

【Objective】To investigate the pre-harvest sprouting resistance and genetic composition of Ping′an series wheat varieties（lines）.【Methods】The pre-harvest sprouting characteristics of 14 Ping′an series varieties（lines） were analyzed by whole ear germination method,and the sources of pre-harvest sprouting resistance genes were detected by molecular markers of 5 anti pre-harvest sprouting genes.【Results】Among the 14 varieties（lines）,the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of Ping′an No. 11 was 0.19,reached the level of resistance;the relative pre-harvest sprouting indexes of Ping′an 658 and Ping′an 701 were 0.35 and 0.37,respectively,reached the level of moderately resistance. The results of molecular marker detection of anti pre-harvest sprouting genes showed that the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of haplotype composed of three loci （-222、+646、+666） of TaPHS1 gene was CGAC<TGAC<TGAT<TATT from low to high,and Ping′an No. 11 contained the best haplotype of TaPHS1 gene of anti pre-harvest sprouting,7 wheat varieties（lines） including Ping′an 901 contained anti pre-harvest sprouting gene TaVp1 B3,4 wheat varieties including Ping′an 12 contain anti pre-harvest sprouting gene PM19 A-1,all 14 wheat varieties（lines） contain neither of anti pre-harvest sprouting gene Dorm-1 or Tamyb10- D.【Conclusion】Ping′an No. 11 is the only variety with hap-CGAC resistant to pre-harvest sprouting,which can be used in cultivating new varieties of anti pre-harvest sprouting wheat and discovering new anti pre-harvest sprouting gene.

【Objective】The effects of leaf litter leachate of four arbors, Sophora japonica, Salix babylonica, Ulmus pumila,and Betula platyphylla on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat were studied to provide references for the rational allocation of resources in wheat growth process.【Methods】Using wheat variety Shannong 28 as acceptor material,five treatments of distilled water（CK）, Sophora japonica leaf litter leachate（A1）, Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate（A2）, Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate（A3）,and Betula platyphylla leaf litter leachate（A4） were set up in the indoor pot experiment. The plant height,root length,ground diameter,leaf chlorophyll content,peroxidase（POD） activity and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity were measured on the 55th and 100th day after seeding.【Results】On the 55th and 100th day,the wheat plant height under Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 14.11% and 8.31% compared with CK. Wheat root length under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased by 9.65% and 10.14% compared with CK（ P<0.05）. All the four leaf litter leachate treatments significantly decreased（ P<0.05） wheat ground diameter. On the 55th day,wheat leaf chlorophyll content under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 11.90% compared with CK. On the 100th day,wheat leaf chlorophyll content under Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 7.03% compared with CK. On the 55th and 100th day,wheat leaf POD activity under Betula platyphylla leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 0.88% and 3.22% compared with CK,wheat leaf SOD activity under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 13.78% and 9.68% compared with CK. At 55 d and 100 d growth,wheat was most sensitive to the allelopathy of Salix babylonica and Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment.【Conclusion】The leaf litter leachate of Salix babylonia and Ulmus pumila had strong allelopathic effects on wheat growth,promoted the secretion of specific metabolites of wheat,and changed the surrounding micro ecological environment.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw on the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soil.【Methods】Taking pepper straw as test materials,a field experiment was performed on the four treatments：non-straw returning（CK）,in-situ straw returning（C1）,in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent（C2）,and in-situ straw returning+lime-nitrogen（C3）. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to conduct 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing of soil bacteria and fungi.【Results】All the three in-situ straw returning methods significantly reduced the soil available phosphorus content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased the soil pH value（ P<0.05）. C1 and C2 treatments significantly reduced soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. C1 treatment significantly increased soil total phosphorus,and available potassium content（ P<0.05）. C2 treatment significantly reduced soil available potassium content（ P<0.05） and significantly increased soil organic matter content（ P<0.05）. C3 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium, organic matter content and electrical conductivity（ P<0.05）. The dominant bacterial genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Sphingomonas,S0134_terrestrial_group, Longimicrobiaceae,and C3 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Longimicrobiaceae（ P<0.05）. The dominant fungal genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Mortierella, Conocybe, Chaetomium, Myriococcum, Clitopilus, Panaeolus and Humicola. C1 treatment increased the relative abundance of Chaetomium, Myriococcum and Clitopilus,and decreased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Conocybe and Humicola. C2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Mortierella, Chaetomium and Panaeolus,and reduced the relative abundance of Conocybe, Myriococcum and Humicola. C3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Conocybe, Chaetomium and reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella, Myriococcum and Humicola.【Conclusion】Different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw affected soil microbial community structure and physicochemical properties to varying degrees. The effects of in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent and in-situ straw returning +lime-nitrogen treatment were better than that of direct in-situ straw returning treatment.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different microbial agents on potato growth and development and soil nutrients in potato fields,so as to provide a reference for green and sustainable potato planting in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Potato V7 was used as the test material,by setting distilled water（CK）,applying Bacillus sp. 188 bacterial agent（T1）, Pseudomonas sp. BP16 bacterial agent（T2）,and Streptomyces rochei D74 bacterial agent（T3） four treatments to soak the seeds for 30 min. Potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,nutrient accumulation per plant,leaf chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured at different growth stages after potato planting.【Results】After 110 days of potato planting,compared with CK,the yield of potato in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 7.14% and 9.16%（ P<0.05）,the starch content of tubers was significantly increased by 11.84% and 16.38%（ P<0.05）,the dry matter mass of potato roots,stems,leaves,and tubers were significantly increased by 26.87%,16.92%,11.77% and 13.59% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants was significantly increased by 28.86%,32.78% and 30.81% by T3 treatment（ P<0.05）. After 70 days of potato planting,the chlorophyll content in potato leaves treated with T3 treatment was the highest [4.29 mg/（g·FW）],and the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves was significantly increased by 15.29% compared to CK（ P<0.05）. After 50 days of potato planting,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in T3 treatment reached its maximum value（42.32 mg/kg）,the available phosphorus content significantly increased by 26.17% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,and the available potassium content in T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 24.95% and 21.65% compared to CK（ P<0.05）,respectively.After 70 days of planting,the soil ammonium nitrogen content in T2 treatment significantly increased by 47.03% compared to CK（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Soaking seeds with Streptomyces rochei D74 microbial can increase potato yield,tuber starch content,dry matter mass of each organ,plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,at agent tuber formation stage,the leaf chlorophyll content at maturation stage,soil nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available potassium content at early growth stage,soil ammonium nitrogen at agent tuber formation stage. It can be used as a suitable microbial agent for potato cultivation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

【Objective】To clarify potato blackleg disease source of infection in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia,and provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures for potato blackleg disease.【Methods】The pathogen isolation,pathogenicity identification,molecular identification and soil survival tests of potato blackleg disease were carried out. Through pot experiment and field experiment,seven treatments were set up to investigate the occurrence of potato blackleg disease in the soil of continuous cropping land,seed potatoes of diseased land and diseased residues,and analyze and verify the differences in incidence rate of different treatments.【Results】The incidence rate of potato blackleg harvested in diseased areas and planted as seed potato over winter was 40.00%. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was isolated from the disease residue buried in soil after overwintering,and the incidence rate was 43.33% in the experiment of planting disease-free potato after the disease residue was planted in the disease-free soil. The incidence rate of disease-free potato was 6.67% in the previous diseased plots. The amount of pathogenic bacteria in unsterilized soil gradually decreased with the extension of time,and no longer survived after two months at normal temperature,and no longer survived after four months at -20 ℃. The results indicated that P. atrosepticum could survive the winter in the disease residual and become the primary infection source in the second year. The pathogenic bacteria in diseased soil were related to the occurrence of disease,but the bacteria free in cultivated soil could only survive for two months at natural temperature.【Conclusion】 The primary infection source of potato blackleg disease in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia is the infected seed potato and the disease residual after winter,and the amount of bacteria carried by the seed potato is an important factor affecting the occurrence of the disease.

【Objective】To explore a soybean-maize intercropping pattern suitable for the ecological conditions in the cold and arid regions of northeast China.【Methods】 A one-way random block design was used to set up six treatments： 2∶2 pattern （BO-S2∶M2）,4∶4 pattern（BO-S4∶M4）,4∶2 pattern（BO-S4∶M2） and 6∶4 pattern（BO-S6∶M4） of soybean-maize row ratio before optimization,and 6∶2 mode（AO-S2∶M2） and 4∶4 mode（AO-S4∶M4） after optimization,monoculture corn,monoculture soybeanwere used as control. The fertility process of each intercropping pattern land equivalent ratio,net effect,compensating effect,selection effect and economic benefits were analyzed.【Results】 Compare with monocropping soybean under intercropping patterns,the growth period of soybean was delayed by 2-3 days compared with that of monoculture soybean. The land equivalent ratio of each intercropping mode was greater than 1,and the crop yield increased by 13%-36% compared with monoculture. The net effect of AO-S2∶M2 pattern was 317.04 kg/hm ²,which was significantly higher than that of other patterns（ P<0.05）. Among the intercropping patterns,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the largest compensating effect,which was significantly higher than that of the BO-S2∶M2 pattern（ P<0.05）. Compared with the pre-optimization period,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern selection effect increased by 46.90%. Compared with monoculture maize,AO-S2∶M2 and AO-S4∶M4 increased by 38.16 and 9.33 yuan/hm ²,respectively. Compared with monoculture soybean,all intercropping patterns showed an increase of 53.39-379.74 yuan/hm ². Principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the highest comprehensive score of 2.11,followed by the AO-S4∶M4 pattern（0.62）.【Conclusion】 The advantages of 2∶2 and 4∶4 intercropping patterns of soybean-maize after optimization of planting technology are prominent,and the intercropping mode of soybean-maize after optimization has the greatest advantage over the 2∶2 intercropping mode,which has more promotion value in cold and arid region of northeast China.

Corn silk is the dried filaments and stigmas of female flowers of Gramineae plant maize. It contains various functional components such as flavonoids，polysaccharides，saponins，sterols，and organic acids. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine，corn silk is often used to treat diseases such as edema，cystitis，gout，kidney stones，nephritis，and prostatitis. This article reviewed the bioactive components，efficacy，and extraction methods of active ingredients of corn silk，and prospected the basic and applied research on the bioactive components of corn silk，in order to provide references for further in-depth research and related product development in the field.

【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content（ P<0.01）. The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest（ P<0.01）,and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature（ P<0.01）. The regression equation of grain dehydration rate （ y） with basic moisture content （ x ₁） and daily average temperature （ x ₂） was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732 x ₁+0.025 422 x ₂, R ²=0.419 2, P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P<0.01）,but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（ P>0.05）. There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height（ P>0.05）. The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.

【Objective】In order to effectively improve the processing quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds pelleting and explore the cleaning process of monogerm seeds,provide theoretical reference for seed pelleting of sugar beet monogerm.【Methods】By setting different test parameters,the effects of original seed size classification,grinding times,grinding conditions,specific gravity screening and water selection on the quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds were compared and analyzed.【Results】The graded treatment of original seeds could improve the uniformity of beet seed grain size and significantly improve the germination rate,compared with the original seeds without graded treatment（ P<0.05）. After screening and grading,the germination rate of the polished and regrinding seed was significantly higher（ P<0.05） than that of the original seeds（particle size 4.75-5.25 mm）,and the germination rate of the grinding twice was the highest 89.30%,which was significantly higher than that of the regrinding once and other polished seeds（ P<0.05）. The 1 000-grain weight and peeling rate of the seeds after grinding treatment were significantly different from that of the original unpolished seeds（ P<0.05）. The screening results of different grinding conditions indicated that in the grinding intensity treatment,the germination potential and germination rate of different grinding intensity grades of 2.0-2.5 mm,2.5-3.0 mm,3.0-3.5 mm were significantly different（ P<0.05）,and the frequency of 35 Hz was significantly higher than that of 40 Hz（ P<0.05）. The frequency of 35 Hz,time 3 min and 45 Hz and time 1 min had high germination rate,which was suitable for sugar beet monogerm seed grinding. The specific gravity screening results show that the germination rate and 1 000-grain weight of specific weight 2 were the highest,at 85.00% and 9.62 g. In them,the germination rate was significantly higher than that of other seeds except for specific gravity 3（ P<0.05）,and the 1 000-grain weight was significantly higher than that of other treatment（ P<0.05）. In water selection test,it showed that the germination potential and germination rate after water selection+back drying 18 h were the highest,with 91.25% and 92.75% respectively,which were significantly higher than other drying conditions（ P<0.05）,and the water content at this time was 10%.【Conclusion】After a series of cleaning processes such as impurity removal,grading,polishing,specific gravity screening,and water selection,the germination rate of the original seeds of sugar beet monogerm seeds can be effectively improved,which is helpful for the promotion and application of sugar beet monogerm seeds pellet technology.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers on soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,as well as potato growth,development,and yield,and to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture retention and yield increase of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers in potato fields in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The local dominant potato variety Huasong No. 7 grown in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was used as the test material. In 2022 and 2023,under the condition of balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,a total of seven nitrogen application types were set up,including zero nitrogen fertilizer（CK）,traditional nitrogen fertilizer level（NPK）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level（RN）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of water-soluble fertilizer（RN+WF）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure（RN+SM）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of bio-organic fertilizer（RN+BM）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of control-released urea（RN+RUN）. Analyzed the impacts of replacing partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer with different fertilizers on the vertical distribution of soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer as well as potato growth and development,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.【Results】In 2022 and 2023,lower soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer was observed in the different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments compared with that of CK. RN+SM treatment had the highest soil water consumption of potato fields in the whole growth period,which was 5.14% and 6.59% higher than that of CK,respectively. RN+SM treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation per plant of potato in the whole growth period,which was increased by 19.70% and 18.93% compared with CK,respectively. The potato yields of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments were significantly elevated compared with CK（ P<0.05）,and the yield increase ranged from 3.40% to 23.73%,and the most obvious increase in RN+SM treatment. The water use efficiency and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of potatoes treated with different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers were highest in RN+SM treatment,with water use efficiency increased by 17.68% and 44.71% compared to CK,and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 36.78% and 42.38% compared to NPK.【Conclusion】The 80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure can increase the dry matter accumulation per plant of potato,improve potato yield,soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,it is an ideal fertilization model for potato planting in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】Clarify the research hotspots and development trends in the field of saline soil improvement domestically and internationally since the 21st century，to provide references for in-depth research on saline soil improvement.【Methods】Using the core collection of Web of Science （WOS） and CNKI databases as search objects，Excel 2007 software for drawing and CiteSpace software for knowledge graph analysis，the relevant literature was quantitatively and visually analyzed from five perspectives：annual publication volume，authors，publication institutions，keywords time co-occurrence analysis，and burst words analysis.【Results】The trend of domestic and international literature publication volume were：from 2003 to 2009 in slow growth stage，from 2010 to 2016 in fluctuating （significant） growth stage，and in rapid growth stage from 2017 to 2023. The main authors were YANG Jinsong，ZHAO Lanpo，YAO Rongjiang，SUN Zhaojun，WANG Quanjiu，KANG Yaohu，WAN Shuqin，QADIR M，GHEYI H R，MURTAZA G，et al. The main research institutions were Chinese Academy of Sciences，Egyptian Knowledge Bank，Indian Council of Agricultural Research，Spanish National Research Council，and U. S. Department of Agriculture. In terms of keywords analysis，the research hotspots were water and salt transport and the regulation mechanism，research on plant salt tolerance，the application of chemical amendments，green reduction of saline-alkali obstruction，and the biological and microbial remediation of saline-alkali obstruction. The main burst words were biochar，wet front，microbial community，plant biostimulant（PBs），plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR），and salt-tolerant soil bacteria.【Conclusion】Currently，domestic and international research on saline soil improvement has entered the stage of rapid development. China and the United States were the global leaders. India and Australia were gradually strengthening their research capabilities. Domestic and international research were mainly focused on soil carbon sequestration，biochar，microbial community，antioxidant enzymes，Phosphate utilization，salt-tolerant soil bacteria，etc.，as well as soil nutrient movement，salt obstruction reduction，chemical amendments，microbial remediation and so on. In the future，salinization driving mechanism，plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria，microbial remediation of saline obstruction，and collaborative monitoring and analysis of big data technology may become research hotspots.

【Objective】To study effects of different selenium application amount on selenium content,quality and yield of flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni,provide reference for planting selenium-rich Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.【Methods】Four varieties of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were selected,including Changzuizihua,Sanyuehua,Qingchong,and Dawuzui. Selenium fertilizer was applied to the roots during the bolting period,with selenium application amounts of 150 kg/hm ² （Se10）,225 kg/hm ²（Se15）,and 300 kg/hm ²（Se20）,respectively,with no selenium fertilizer application as the control （Se0）. The selenium content,quality,yield,and selenium accumulation in the flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were measured after harvesting on June 30 and July 8,2022.【Results】After selenium treatment,the selenium content and selenium accumulation of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds increased,and the selenium content and selenium accumulation of Changzuizihua were the highest,which were 0.031 mg/kg and 752.786 mg/hm ². With the increase of selenium application amount,the selenium content in the flower buds of all varieties at two picking times showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,the optimal selenium application amount for Changzuizihua and Sanyuehua was 150 kg/hm ²,and the selenium content in flower buds was 0.031,0.070 mg/kg and 0.010,0.003 mg/kg,respectively. While the optimal selenium application amount for Qingchong and Dawuzui was 225 kg/hm ²,and the selenium content of flower buds was 0.006,0.015 mg/kg and 0.015,0.030 mg/kg,respectively. After drying,the selenium content of dry sample showed a multifold relationship with that of fresh sample,which was 3.47-4.00,consistent with the water content. There was no loss of selenium content during drying process. With the increase of selenium application amount,the flower bud weight and flower bud yield of all varieties increased first and then decreased,but the effects on bud length and width were different among all varieties. 【Conclusion】Moderate application of selenium fertilizer can improve the selenium content,quality,and yield of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds. Excessive application of selenium fertilizer can inhibit the weight of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds and reduce yield.

【Objective】To isolate and screen plant growth-promoting strains from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi.【Methods】To collect root and rhizosphere soil samples of Artemisia argyi from Ordos and Tongliao in Inner Mongolia,isolate and purify symbiotic fungi-dark septate endophytes（DSE） and functional bacteria,identify them using molecular biology techniques,screen DSE strains and functional bacteria with significant growth promoting effects,construct artificial microbial communities,and set up non inoculated bacteria（A）,single inoculated DSE（B）,single inoculated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（C）,single inoculated nitrogen-fixing bacteria（D）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria（E）,DSE+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（F）,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（G）,DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria（H） eight treatments were used to conduct a rewinding experiment on Artemisia argyi plants to screen for the best bacterial strain.【Results】The colonization rate of DSE fungi in the roots of Artemisia argyi was the highest,and the symbiotic structure was mainly chain,strip,brain and scattered. Four strains of DSE were successfully isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi,among which Paraphoma chrysanthemicola was the dominant strain in both test sites. A total of 36 functional bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia argyi,including 26 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 10 nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were mainly Bacillus,accounting for 30.50% of the total number of isolates,of which Bacillus pumilus accounted for 27.20%. Rhizobium was the main nitrogen-fixing bacteria,accounting for 16.67% of the total number of isolates,of which Rhizobium cellulosilyticum accounted for 33.30%.The growth indexes of Artemisia argyi in B-H treatments were better than those in A treatment. Among them,H treatment had the best growth-promoting effect,and its stem diameter,leaf number,aboveground biomass and underground biomass increased by 24.93%,80.00%,279.17% and 251.69%,respectively.【Conclusion】The compound inoculation of Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Bacillus pumilus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum had the best growth-promoting effect,and DSE+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria+nitrogen-fixing bacteria treatment was the best growth-promoting microbial combination.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil bacterial community in Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.【Methods】Four corn straw returning modes including subsoiling returning straw（SSR）,deep spin returning straw（SCR）,deep tillage returning straw（DPR）,no-tillage returning straw（NTR）,and farmer′s shallow rotation（CK）were the positioning tests. Soil bacterial community diversity was investigated by 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology,and its correlation with soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】There were significant effects in soil bacterial diversity and community composition among different straw returning treatments（ P<0.05）,in which,NTR treatment significantly enhanced the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes（ P<0.05）,the abundance of Chloroflexi in DPR treatment was significantly increased（ P<0.05）,and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. That the straw returing treatments could significantly improve the soil physicochemical properties and increase soil enzyme activities,among which SSR treatment had the most significant improvement effect（ P<0.05）. RDA analysis found that the main physicochemical properties that drive the composition of the soil bacterial community were alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium,cation exchange capacity,compaction and bulk density, Arthrobacter, Gaiella, Solirorobacter, Streptomyces were susceptible to soil environmental factors.【Conclusion】The straw returning has a positive effect on the improvement of the soil biological community in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.

Systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides in plants is a crucial process for effective pest and disease control. Understanding the behavior and research methodologies of pesticide translocation within plants is essential for optimizing pesticide application and enhancing control efficacy. This review summarizes the processes of pesticide uptake,translocation,accumulation,and degradation in plants. Factors influencing systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides are discussed from four perspectives：physicochemical properties,molecular structure characteristics,pesticide adjuvants,and application methods. Recent research methodologies for studying pesticide translocation are also reviewed,including residue analysis,bioassay,radioactive isotope tracing,fluorescence tracing,and mass spectrometry imaging. This review aims to provide theoretical references for future research on systemic uptake and translocation of pesticides and the safe and rational application of pesticides.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of various anthocyanidin components on tree peony flower hues.【Methods】Six different varieties of tree peony were selected as experimental materials.The color system of tree peonies was classified according to visualization,color chart and colorimeter values.The chlorophyll,carotenoid,cyanidin,anthocyanin,and flavonoid content were determined among the petals,and the cyanidin and anthocyanin components were detected by mass spectrometer.【Results】The six varieties of tree peony could be divided into five major colors：composite color,yellow,green,purplish red,and red. The petals of cyanidin and anthocyanin varied significantly among tree peony varieties. The red system Nihonghuancai exhibited the highest concentration,while the green system Lvmuyinyu showed the lowest. Pelargonidin and paeoniflor were not detected in the composite color system Lanyueliang,nor was peonidin in the green system Lvmuyinyu. Moreovre,the contents of cyanidin,pelargonidin,and peonidin in the red system Nihonghuancai,as well as petunidin,delphinidin,and malvidin in the purplish red system Luoyanghong,were higher than those in other color system. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside content in red system was highest,656.17 times higher than that in yellow system and 102.96 times higher than in purplish red system. The content of paeoniflorin 3-O-glucoside was higher in the red system and purplish red system,which was 59 064.28,34 283.83 ng/g,respectively.【Conclusion】The cyanidin is more important for the coloring of red system and purplish red system than other color systems. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside is an important pigment factor that causes the difference in purple and red peonies,and peonidin 3-O-glucoside is one of the main coloration factors for red system and purplish red system.

Quinoa has multiple health effects such as antioxidant,anti-cancer,anti-allergy,sugar control,lipid regulation,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,etc.Quinoa is a multi-grain food with full nutrients,high biological activity and multi-health functions,and has a large development space. This paper reviews the protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid,complex vitamins such as vitamin B ₂,vitamin B ₆,and folic acid,minerals such as Mg,Zn,and Fe,and bioactive substances such as polyphenols,flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides in quinoa,and analyzes other functions and development prospects of quinoa. And put forward the scientific and technological research suggestions of quinoa in the big health industry.

【Objective】To analyze the genetic law and gene mapping of powdery mildew resistance in seed-used pumpkin in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and provide reference for parental breeding of seed-used pumpkin resistant varieties.【Methods】13 international identified melon hosts were used to identify the physiological race of powdery mildew.Six-generation populations were constructed with powdery mildew resistant varieties M2 as the maternal parent and powdery mildew susceptible varieties F4 as the paternal parent. The genetic law of powdery mildew resistance in seed-used pumpkin were analyzed by chi-square fitness test. The resistant and susceptible pool and two parental pools were created through the F2 segregating population,and the resistant genes were initially mapped using BSA-seq and InDel molecular marker.【Results】The physiological race of powdery mildew in seed-used pumpkin was 2US;the genetic characteristics of F2 segregating population plants were normally distributed and showed quantitative traits,and powdery mildew resistant traits were controlled by a pair of single dominant genes. Seed-used pumpkin powdery mildew resistant genes were linked to three related candidate regions with a total length of 3.41 Mb and containing 468 genes. In the candidate region,the powdery mildew resistant gene of seed-used pumpkin was mapped to the tenth linkage group,and the two linkage markers were pm10-8 and pm10-1.【Conclusion】The powdery mildew resistant gene in seed-used pumpkin was located between marker pm10-8 and marker pm10-1,and the genetic distance from the two flanking markers was 20.5 cM and 17.1 cM,respectively. There were 27 candidate genes in this region.

【Objective】Optimize the extraction process of banana peel polysaccharides and study the antioxidant activities,in order to provide references for the industrial extraction and utilization of banana peel polysaccharides.【Methods】Using the polysaccharides yield as the indicator,the effects of grinding time,solid-liquid ratio,cellulase addition amount,ultrasonic time,ultrasonic temperature on the yield of banana peel polysaccharides were investigated through single factor experiment.Response surface method were used to optimize three factors,solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time,and ultrasonic temperature,to determine the optimal process for ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of banana peel polysaccharide. The antioxidant activities of the extracted banana peel polysaccharides were tested as well.【Results】Under different factor levels,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 4.15% when the grinding time was 60 s. When the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶40（g∶mL）,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.87%. When the cellulase addition amount was 2.5%,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.49%. The yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.72% when the ultrasonic time was 20 min. The yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 5.97% when ultrasonic temperature was 30 ℃. Under the conditions of 60 s grinding time,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶38（g∶mL）,cellulase addition amount at 2.5%,19 min ultrasonic time,and ultrasonic temperature at 26 ℃,the yield of banana peel polysaccharides was the highest at 6.51%. The scavenging abilities of banana peel polysaccharides on hydroxyl radicals,DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals increased with the increase of banana peel polysaccharides concentration.【Conclusion】Response surface method determined that the optimal conditions for ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of banana peel polysaccharides were：60 s grinding time,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶38（g∶mL）,cellulase addition amount at 2.5%,19 min ultrasonic time,and ultrasonic temperature at 26 ℃. Banana peel polysaccharide had obvious scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals,DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals.

【Objective】To study the resistance performance of maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust,and provide resistant materials for the breeding of maize varieties resistant to southern corn rust.【Methods】The resistance of 64 maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust was identified by means of natural infection in spring sowing and artificial inoculation in summer sowing.【Results】There were significant differences in the resistance of different maize inbred lines to southern corn rust,among 64 materials artificially inoculated,the control inbred lines Qi 319 and Qi 318 were identified as high resistance to southern corn rust,while Chang 7-2 and Zheng 58 were identified as high susceptible to southern corn rust. The inbred lines H025B and K4321 were identified as highly resistant to southern corn rust,while H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 were identified as resistant to southern corn rust. Among all the identified germplasms,the percentages of highly resistant and resistant materials were 6.25% and 9.38%,respectively,while high susceptible and susceptible materials were 42.19% and 23.44%,respectively. 【Conclusion】Among the 64 maize inbred lines germplasm resources,inbred lines H025B,K4321,H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 showed high resistance and resistance to southern corn rust;the germplasm resources of maize inbred lines are susceptible to southern corn rust,which is more severe and common in maize,and there is a lack of antigens. However,there were high resistance resources to southern corn rust in existing inbred line germplasm resources,which can provide important antigens for breeding disease resistant varieties.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different row spacing configurations on agronomic traits,yield and quality of millet in western Henan,and to provide reference for high-yield cultivation technology in western Henan.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted using the main cultivated varieties Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 in the region as materials. The agronomic traits,yield and nutritional quality of millet were analyzed by using a completely random block design and three row spacings,namely T1（23 cm+43 cm）,T2（16 cm+50 cm）and equal row spacing T3（30 cm+30 cm）.【Results】The plant height,leaf length and leaf width of Yugu 18 reached the maximum values of 103.90,39.46 and 3.28 cm under T2 treatment,respectively,and the plant height and leaf width were significantly higher than those of other treatments（ P<0.05）;the internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 13.06 cm under T2 treatment. Stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield reached the maximum values under T1 treatment,which were 9.23 mm,21.17 cm,19.56 mm and 4 636.80 kg/hm ²,respectively. Plant height,leaf length,leaf width,stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield of Tiansu 10 reached the maximum values of 112.00 cm,45.80 cm,3.07 cm,8.77 mm,23.17 cm,17.60 mm and 4 680.40 kg/hm ² under T1 treatment,respectively. The internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 14.07 cm under T2 treatment. The path analysis showed that the most influential factor on the yield of Yugu 18 was spike diameter（0.485）,followed by spike length（0.209）. Spike diameter（0.527）,followed by stem diameter（0.348）,had the greatest impact on the yield of Tiansu 10. Grey correlation analysis showed that the importance of different row spacing to the nutritional quality indexes of Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 was ranked as carbohydrate> crude protein>crude fat>crude ash>crude fiber.【Conclusion】 When the yield is the goal,the row spacing of millet in western Henan is T1（23 cm+43 cm）,which can increase the ear diameter;When the goal of nutritional quality is T2（16 cm+50 cm）,the row spacing is preferred,which can improve the nutritional quality.

【Objective】Analyze the characteristics of leaf air temperature difference during the critical water demand period of maize to clarify the main climatic factors affecting maize leaf air temperature in semi-arid sandy areas.【Methods】During maize critical water demand period（July-September）,distributed multi-point leaf temperature continuous measurement experiment was carried out in the field in the maize planting area in Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia. The changing characteristics of leaf temperature and leaf air temperature difference indexes during maize critical water demand period were analyzed. The influence degrees of wind speed,air humidity,rainfall,and soil moisture on the leaf air temperature difference were discovered by correlation analysis to reveal the key influencing climatic factors.【Results】As maize grew and the length of drought duration increased,leaf air temperature change during maize critical water demand period gradually became more drastic,daily leaf air temperature difference increased,leaf temperature difference had an overall upward trend. The overall trend of wind speed gradually decreased. The air humidity was consistent with the process of rainfall changes. Soil moisture decreased with the time progress. The effect of wind speed variation on maize leaf air temperature difference was mainly reflected in sunny days. Wind speed variation had negative correlation with maize leaf air temperature and positive correlation of maize leaf temperature. Air humidity was strongly correlated with both leaf air temperature difference and leaf temperature and was not affected by weather conditions. Rainfall made the fluctuation of leaf air temperature difference became smaller and irregular,but the value of leaf air temperature difference became larger. As the 0-80 cm layer soil moisture storage in maize planting plot gradually decreased,the leaf air temperature difference gradually became larger. The impact of climatic factors on maize leaf air temperature difference during maize critical water demand period were wind speed>air humidity>rainfall>soil moisture.【Conclusion】The leaf air temperature difference showed a fluctuating upward trend during the critical water demand period of maize,and was significantly affected by climatic factors. Wind speed and air humidity were the main climatic driving factors leading to the change of maize leaf air temperature difference.

Soluble organic carbon（DOC） is one of the more active components in soil organic carbon（SOC）,which can effect the utilization of soil nutrients by crops and the activities of microorganisms in the soil.This article summarizes the composition and sources of DOC,the influencing factors of adsorbing DOC,and uses four equation models to analyze the adsorption capacity results of DOC in dry land,forest land,paddy field and different soil layers. By analyzing soil aggregates and soil clay minerals,to further reviewe the related research on the relationship between soil DOC and SOC stabilization,with the aim of understanding the soil carbon sequestration potential. So as to provide a reference for the green and efficient development of agriculture.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different limited supplementary irrigation on the light response curve and yield of maize in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia,and determine the rational supplementary irrigation system of maize in this region.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Narin Orchard,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia from 2021 to 2022. Five supplementary irrigation amounts of 900 m ³/hm ²（W1）,1 050 m ³/hm ²（W2）,1 200 m ³/hm ²（W3）,1 350 m ³/hm ²（W4）,and 1 500 m ³/hm ²（CK） were set during the whole growth stage. The effects of different supplementary irrigation amounts on leaf area index,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation of maize during the whole growth stage,and light response curve of filling stage and yield were studied by 225 m ³/hm ² pre-seedling drip irrigation,150 m ³/hm ² drip irrigation at filling stage,and equal incremental drip irrigation（with an increasing gradient of 75 m ³/hm ²） at jointing stage and tasseling stage.【Results】Leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield all increased first and then decreased with the increase of supplemental irrigation amount. With the development of growth stage,the leaf area index and chlorophyll content showed a parabolic shape,and the highest was found in the tasseling stage. During the two years,the leaf area index of maize under W3 treatment higher than W1,W2 treatment,and CK during the filling stage,average increases of 7.42%,3.85%,and 2.28% respectively;chlorophyll content under W3 treatment during filling stage and mature stage higher than W1,W2 treatment and CK,average increases of 9.73%,5.29%,and 13.19% respectively. In 2021,the dry matter accumulation of maize under W3 treatment was 1.89% lower than CK on average during tasseling stage,filling stage,and mature stage,while average reduction was 4.04% in 2022. In 2021 and 2022,W3 treatment maximum net photosynthetic rate increased by 12.00% and 7.69%,while apparent quantum efficiency increased of 7.55% and 19.57%,yield increased of 3.74% and 6.24% compared with CK,respectively.【Conclusion】Limited supplementary irrigation has a certain inhibitory effect on maize growth and development. W3 treatment（1 200 m ³/hm ²） showed significantly higher leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield than CK,so it is a more appropriate supplemental irrigation amount for maize growth stage in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia.

Nanopore sequencing is the third generation sequencing（TGS） technology based on single molecule. It has the characteristics of no amplification,easy to carry,real-time sequencing,ultra long reading length,direct sequencing of RNA,and detection of base modification. In recent years,nanopore sequencing technology has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in molecular plant breeding fields such as plant genome resequencing,whole genome,transcriptomics,organelle genomics,and epigenetic transcriptomics. The article elaborates on the research status and application prospects of nanopore sequencing technology in potato breeding at home and abroad,in order to provide new ideas for the high-quality development of China′s potato industry.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of different hosts on the growth，development，and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda.【Methods】Using indoor feeding observation methods，the growth，development，and pupation of the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda after feeding on 23 representative crops such as Zea mays，Triticum aestivum，and Solanum lycopersicum and 8 common weeds such as Eleusin indica，Portulaca oleracea，and Cyperus rotundus in corn fields were compared and analyzed. 7 plants with higher fitness were selected as the testing hosts to compare the growth，development，and reproduction of the S. frugiperda.【Results】The 3rd instar larvae fed on 16 plants including Triticum aestivum，Dioscorea esculenta，and Solanum lycopersicum，could complete the growth and development of the larval stage and successfully pupate. Dioscorea esculenta，Solanum lycopersicum，Eleusin indica，Helianthus annuus，Ziziphus jujube and Actinidia chinensis were the higher fitness hosts for feeding and growth except Zea mays. Among them，the larval stage of the S. frugiperda feeding on Actinidia chinensis leaves was the longest at 19.30 d，while the shortest was feeding on Helianthus annuus leaves at 12.65 d. The larvae feeding on Zea mays leaves had the pupal weight of 170.53 mg，significantly higher than the other six host plants（P<0.05），as well as the shortest pupa stage（9.25 d） and the highest emergence rate（83.33%）. The indexes of the S. frugiperda larvae feeding on Dioscorea esculenta leaves were the closest to the ones feeding on Zea mays leaves，with the pupa weight of 146.15 mg，the pupa stage of 11.55 d，and the emergence rate of 58.33%. The egg number per female of S. frugiperda fed on Zea mays leaves was 1 030，significantly higher than that of the other six host plants（P<0.05），followed by the one feeding on Dioscorea esculenta leaves at 892.【Conclusion】S. frugiperda preferred Zea mays for feeding and oviposition，but could achieve population reproduction on host plants such as Dioscorea esculenta，Solanum lycopersicum，Eleusin indica，Helianthus annuus，Ziziphus jujube and Actinidia chinensis. Risk of diversion to other crops existed when the population density was high.

【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer treatments on apple yield and quality,and to provide references for scientific fertilization in production.【Methods】During the apple germination,flowering,flower bud differentiation,and fruit expanding stages,different NPK fertilizer treatments were set up：S1 treatment（42,13,26 kg/hm ²,42,21,41 kg/hm ²,19,12,63 kg/hm ²,14,4,80 kg/hm ²）,S2 treatment（46,8,30 kg/hm ²,46,16,45 kg/hm ²,23,16,60 kg/hm ²,0,8,75 kg/hm ²）,and S3 treatment（51,10,22 kg/hm ²,42,18,50 kg/hm ²,23,9,68 kg/hm ²,0,10,80 kg/hm ²） with conventional fertilizer as control（CK）. Using 9-year-old apple variety,Ruiyang,as test material,the yield and quality indexes of apples in different treatments were measured.【Results】Compared with CK,the fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter,single fruit weight,and yield of apple treated with S1,S2,and S3 all showed increasing trend. The yield and commodity rate of apples under S1 treatment increased by 4.0% and 3.8%,respectively,compared with CK. Different fertilizer treatments had most impact on fruit surface color,in terms of apple fruit appearance and quality. In comparison with CK,the fruit surface colour of S1,S2 and S3 treatments all tended to decrease,with the coloring degree（ a* value） of S3 treatment increased. The color brightness（ L* value） and background color（ b * value） of S1 treatment significantly decreased（ P<0.05）,although there was no significant difference（ P>0.05） in color ratio and fruit shape index compared with CK . The fruit hardness,titratable acid content and solid-acid ratio had greater impact on the internal quality of the fruit. The fruit hardness in different fertilizer treatment had increase trend,with S1 treatment significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 9.5% compared with CK. The titratable acid content in S1 treatment significantly decreased（ P<0.05） by 25.0%,while the solid-acid ratio significantly increased（ P<0.05） by 29.3% compared with CK.【Conclusion】S1 treatment improved apple yield and commodity rate,resulting in better overall quality performance.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different varied temperature conditions,gibberellin concentrations,and soaking times on the germination activity of Trollius chinensis Bunge seeds,and to provide reference for the screening of germination activity conditions and sowing of T. chinensis Bunge seeds.【Methods】The seeds of T. chinensis Bunge collected in 2021 as experimental materials were respectively soaked with different concentrations of gibberellin（0,100,250,500,800,1 000,1 500 mg/L） for 24 h and 48 h,and varied temperature conditions（15/5,20/10,25/15,25/20,30/20,30/25 ℃） were set to simulate field temperature changes for germination experiments. The germination time of the seeds of T. chinensis Bunge and the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index were analyzed under 25/20 ℃ varied temperature conditions in different gibberellin concentrations and soaking times and soaking for 24 h in different varied temperature conditions and gibberellin concentrations.【Results】The germination start time of T. chinensis Bunge seeds was shorter under the conditions of soaking in 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h and 48 h at 25/20 ℃,soaking in 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h at 30/25 ℃,and soaking in 800 and 1 000 mg/L gibberellin for 48 h at 30/25 ℃,all of which were 6 d. Under the varied temperature condition of 25/20 ℃,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds soaked for 48 h in 500 and 800 mg/L gibberellin treatments were significantly higher than soaked for 24 h（ P<0.05）;at the same soaking time,seeds treated with 250 and 500 mg/L gibberellin showed higher germination rate,germination potential,and germination index. Under soaking for 24 h and varied temperature conditions of 20/10,25/15 and 25/20 ℃,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds treated with 250 mg/L gibberellin were significantly higher than those treated with other gibberellin concentrations（ P<0.05）;under the treatment of 250 mg/L gibberellin,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds at 25/20 ℃ were significantly higher than those under other varied temperature conditions（ P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The sensitivity of germination of T. chinensis Bunge seeds is different in varied temperature conditions and gibberellin concentration treatments. Both excessively high and low temperature conditions,as well as treatment with gibberellin concentration,are not conducive to the seed germination of T. chinensis Bunge;under the conditions of 25/20 ℃,treating the seed of T. chinensis Bunge with 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h can better improve germination activity.