北方农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 66-72.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1197.2019.04.12

• 作物栽培·土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇    下一篇

苗前滴灌对马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响

任永峰1,2, 路战远1, 聂晶1, 崔艳1, 安昊1, 高宇1, 赵沛义1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-22 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义(1972—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事旱作农业技术研究工作。
  • 作者简介:任永峰(1984—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培理论与技术研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古农牧业青年创新基金项目(2015QNJJN09); 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(20170713); “十二五”农村领域国家科技计划项目(2015BAD22B01-04)

Effects of pre-seedling drip irrigation on water utilization and yield of potato

REN Yongfeng1,2, LU Zhanyuan1, NIE Jing1, CUI Yan1, AN Hao1, GAO Yu1, ZHAO Peiyi1   

  1. 1.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2.Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China
  • Received:2019-04-22 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 为了解决马铃薯水分利用效率和产量低而不稳等生产问题,进行了马铃薯苗前不同滴灌量及覆膜、不覆膜处理并对植株干物质积累、叶面积指数变化、水分利用和产量情况进行了检测。结果表明:(1)覆膜处理(WF)植株干物质积累量和叶面积指数显著高于不覆膜处理(W),单株干物质表现为WF4和W4(225 m3/hm2)措施下最高,分别较对照增加162.0%~169.5%和59.9%~77.4%,WF3(180 m3/hm2)和W3次之,分别较对照增加122.2%~156.6%和42.9%~69.3%。WF3和W3叶面积指数表现最高,分别较对照增加94.2%和60.2%。(2)适量增加滴灌量,可延长马铃薯花期,225 m3/hm2和180 m3/hm2滴灌量下花期较对照延长9~10 d。(3)0~40 cm土壤含水量和土壤贮水量表现为WF4和W4最高,且覆膜措施高于不覆膜;马铃薯产量和水分利用效率最高的处理为W3和WF3,其产量分别较对照高13.8%和27.8%,水分利用效率分别较对照高5.4%和25.0%。WF3较W3产量和水分利用效率分别高16.1%和27.4%。结论为采用覆膜种植方式,在苗前适量滴灌,能够促进马铃薯产量和提高水分利用效率。

关键词: 马铃薯, 滴灌, 覆膜, 水分利用效率, 产量

Abstract: In order to solve the production problems of low water use efficiency and unstable yield of potato,different drip irrigation treatments were carried out before potato seedlings,to monitor the accumulation of plant matter,the change of leaf area index,the water use and yield formation under the plastic film mulching and the non-plastic film mulching drip irrigation.The results were as follows:(1) the dry matter accumulation and the leaf area index of ridging and plastic film mulching treatment were significantly higher than those of ridging and non-plastic film mulching treatment;the dry matter accumulation was the highest under WF4 and W4 (225 m3/hm2) treatments,which were 162.0%-169.5% and 59.9%-77.4% higher than control,respectively.The leaf area index of WF3(180 m3/hm2) and W3 was the highest,with 94.2% and 60.2% higher than control,respectively.(2) the flowering period of potato could be prolonged by increasing the amount of irrigation before seedling,and the flowering period of potato under 225 m3/hm2 and 180 m3/hm2 drip irrigation was 9-10 days longer than control.(3) the soil moisture content and the soil water storage of 0-40 cm were the highest in WF4 and W4,and the plastic film mulching treatments were higher than those without plastic film mulching;the highest potato yield and the water use efficiency were W3 and WF3,of which the yield was 13.8% and 27.8% higher than control,respectively,and the water use efficiency was 5.4% and 25.0% higher than control,respectively.The yield and the water use efficiency of WF3 were 16.1% and 27.4% higher than W3,respectively.Therefore,the adoption of the plastic film mulching planting method,and the proper drip irrigation before seedling can promote the potato yield and the water use efficiency.

Key words: Potato, Drip irrigation, Plastic film mulching, Water use efficiency, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S519